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Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA) focused in the metal recovery.

Héctor Muñiz Sierra, Michal Šyc, Jakub Výravský

HERAKLION2019

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

1,30 Billion of tonnes (2012) World Bank statics 2,20 Billion of tonnes (2025) WORLD EVOLUTION

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION

1 9 9 9 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 5 2 1 6 50 100 150 200 250

EU-28 Municipal Solid Waste Generation

Incineration (+ Energy recovery) Municipal Solid Waste Generation Waste (Mkg)

Waste Generation: +0,3% Incineration Technology: +89,1%

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

Fuel; 70 IF A; 5 IBA; 25

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS Incineration Fly Ash (IFA):

 Light and/or fine particles.  Material mixture with an relatively high presence of chloride salts and heavy metals.  Control: Heavy metals leachability

Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA):

 Large and/or heavier particles.

 Non-hazardous residue composed by a mix of glass, minerals and metals.

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

INCINERATION BOTTOM ASH (IBA) IBA Fine Fraction, up to 2 millimeters, is 35% wt. of the total IBA Weight

Particle size Fraction <100µm 04,5% 100-500µm 43,5% 500-1000µm 28,0% 1000-2000µm 23,0% Composition WtE Prague WtE Liberec WtE Brno Glass 14-23 9-12 14,8 Ceramic and Porcelain 2,0-5,0 2,0-3,0 3,6 Unburned org. Matter 0,2-0,6 0,5-1,0 0,2 Magnetic fraction 11-16 14-17 10,2 Ferrous scrap 8,5-10,5 6,0-7,0 11,0 Non-ferrous metals 1,6-2,2 1,3-1,5 2,8 Residual fraction 20-26 25-29 20,5 Particles < 2 mm 30-35 33-36 36,8

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

IBA Fine Fraction < 2mm IBA Fine Fraction, up to 2 millimeters, is 35% wt. of the total IBA Weight

METAL RECOVERY: Aluminum ≈ 1,5g/kg 1840$/ton. Cupper ≈ 0,6g/kg 5860$/ton.

Particle size Fraction <100µm 04,5% 100-500µm 43,5% 500- 1000µm 28,0% 1000- 2000µm 24,0%

SEPARATION FACTORS 1. Amount of material 2. Metals grains: size and shape 3. Liberation rate

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

INCINERATION BOTTOM ASH (IBA)

30m m

20 blocks < 0,5mm 34 blocks 0,5- 2,0mm

TIMA Analyzer:

TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer Chemical analysis:

• Elemental

composition,

• Native metals,
• Mineral phases.

Optical analysis:

• Particle/Grain size

(ECD)

• Particle/Grain shape
• Liberation rate

BSE & EDS analysis (other tools) + TIMA Software

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

IBA fine fraction: Amount of pure metals Aluminum Copper

Aluminum Copper Concentratio n (g/kg.) Particle s (%wt.) Grain s (%wt.) Concentratio n (g/kg.) Particle s (%wt.) Grain s (%wt.) < 100µm 1,63 4,5 12,1 0,62 4,88 14,55 100-500µm 1,28 34,25 43,1 0,50 37,95 42,15 500-1000µm 1,32 22,71 25,0 0,76 37,20 43,31 1000-2000µm 2,62 38,54 19,8 0,60 19,94 n.d weight 1,65 g/kg. 0,57 g/kg.

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

IBA fine fraction: Liberation and Shape Aluminum Copper

0/10 1/10 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10 6/10 7/10 8/10 9/10 1 0/10 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

Liberation Ratio (vol.) Elipse ratio (wt.) Comparison ratio IBA fraction

0/10 1/10 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10 6/10 7/10 8/10 9/10 1 0/10 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Liberation Ratio (vol.) Ellipse ratio (wt.) Comparison ratio IBA fraction

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA)

IBA fine fraction: RECOVERY TREATMENTS

1000-2000µm < 100µm 100-500µm 500-1000µm

Shaker Table Jigs Eddy Current Separator Electrostatic Separator Pre-concentration Recovery Treatment Milling/Liberation

Characterization of the fjne fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSW IBA) focused in the metal recovery.

HERAKLION2019

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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