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Chapter 2: Celestial Sphere, Seasons, Moon Phases and Eclipses ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 1 Name for the Class Llama (last years options) A) Sir Jeffrey McGoat, Esq. B) Space Ranger Goat C) Gerald The Space

  1. Chapter 2: Celestial Sphere, Seasons, Moon Phases and Eclipses ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 1

  2. Name for the Class Llama (last year’s options) A) Sir Jeffrey McGoat, Esq. B) Space Ranger Goat C) Gerald “The Space Odyssey” Goat Llama D) Goaterade / Goaty McGoatFace ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 2

  3. Name for the Class Llama A) Keanu Llama / John Wick B) Bob Lazar C) Cuzco Emperor of the Universe D) the G.O.A.T. ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 3

  4. Orienting Ourselves on the Earth ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 4

  5. It’s all just geometry and timing top view side view top view ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 5

  6. Important Points & Planes on the Celestial Sphere Project stars and planets on a sphere surrounding the Earth It is fictitious, but convenient for locating objects in the sky ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 6

  7. Orienting Yourself relative to the Celestial Sphere ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 7

  8. ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 8

  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= IJ hgZBn-LHg (Vsauce) ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 9

  10. Chapter 2: Celestial Sphere, Seasons, Moon Phases and Eclipses Grab an ABCD page up front if Ch. 3 Reading Quiz to be completed in Canvas you don’t have one due by 9:10am on Thursday A B First HW posted on website under: C D http://www.astro.utah.edu/~wik/courses/astr1060fall2019/ homework.html (Hint: it looks like this) ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 1 � 10

  11. My primary reason for taking this course is… ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 11

  12. I have looked through I have seen the Milky a telescope Way ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 12

  13. Math Courses Previously Taken ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 13

  14. I am pretty good at The value of C is… algebra ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 14

  15. I believe that intelligent I believe Earth has extraterrestrials exist been visited by aliens ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 15

  16. If the north star is directly above Cuzco, Emperor of the Universe, (at their zenith), where are you on the Earth? A) North Pole B) Anywhere on the Equator C) Exactly at 0 degrees longitude on the Equator D) South Pole ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 16

  17. North Pole! ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 17

  18. If you’re 30 degrees north of the equator: ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 18

  19. At the Equator, where you can see the entire sky: ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 19

  20. Southern Hemisphere, same as in the north but relative to the South Celestial Pole ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 20

  21. What causes the seasons? A) Distance from the Sun B) Tilt of the Earth C) Distance from the Sun AND tilt of the Earth ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 21

  22. In SLC, where does the Sun set on the horizon? A) Same place every day B) A random (but predictable) place each day C) A different place each day of the year D) A different place each day for half the year, then repeating that pattern in reverse the second half of the year ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 22

  23. In a group, try to answer: On what days does the Sun set in these locations? Winter Solstice Fall/Spring Equinoxes Summer Solstice December 21st September 21st June 21st March 20th ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 23

  24. Max altitude of the Sun determined by where we are on Earth and where the Earth is in its orbit ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 24

  25. ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 25

  26. The 2 reasons we have seasons ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 26

  27. Seasonal Poetry The two reasons we have seasons Are both due to the Earth’s tilt, When our nearest pole Points toward Sol Its light shines to the hilt And stays in the sky Like a too-long deployed spy At risk of committing treason! ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 27

  28. Where and when are we? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm_Cn8-DCNc ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 28

  29. Right now! https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/sunearth.html ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 29

  30. Fall Equinox https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/sunearth.html ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 30

  31. December Solstice https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/sunearth.html ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 31

  32. Location: 40 deg N (same as SLC) Where would you have to be for the sun to pass directly overhead on June 21st? A) At 23.5 degrees S latitude B) At 23.5 degrees N latitude C) At the north pole D) On the equator ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 32

  33. Aside: Eratosthenes measures the Earth’s circumference in in 200 BC ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 33

  34. The Ecliptic ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 34

  35. The Ecliptic ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 35

  36. Why star rise/set times change About how many degrees does the Earth move in its orbit each day? ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 36

  37. Tonight, Vega (the brightest star in the constellation Lyra, part of the summer triangle), will set at 6:55am. What time will it set tomorrow night? A) 6:51am B) 6:55am C) 6:59am ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 37

  38. We need leap years because… A) Earth’s Axis is tilted B) Amy Adams and Matthew “Emperor of the Universe” Goode are delightfully funny together! C) The direction the Earth’s axis points slowly changes with time D) Earth does not go once around the sun in exactly 365 days ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 38

  39. We need leap years because… A) Earth’s Axis is tilted B) Amy Adams and Matthew Goode are delightfully funny together! C) The direction the Earth’s axis points slowly changes with time D) Earth does not go once around the sun in exactly 365 days —> 365.2422 days Julian calendar was used for over 1000 years (leap day every 4 years). Every 400 years, the calendar is offset Gregorian Calendar (what we use today) from the seasons by 3 more days. ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 39

  40. Hey you, what’s your sign? Astrology is bunk! (HINT: This will be an exam question.) ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 40

  41. Earth’s axis wobbles like a top: called Precession ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 41

  42. Earth’s axis wobbles like a top: called Precession ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 42

  43. Group Activity Time! ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 43

  44. When does the full moon rise? A) At Noon B) At Sunset C) At Midnight D) At Sunrise ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 44

  45. Can figure out roughly when the Moon will rise, given its phase, from this diagram alone ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 45

  46. Phases of the Moon ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 46

  47. Phases of the Moon Waxing Waning gibbous crescent ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 47

  48. Moon phases are easy to figure out once you have the right mental picture ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 48

  49. Draw the diagram! sunlight Waning Gibbous ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 49

  50. Draw the diagram! Moon must be here! sunlight Gibbous =/= Crescent, so either or Waning = going away, Moon orbits same direction we rotate, so… ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 50

  51. Draw the diagram! Moon must be here! When does sunlight it rise??? Gibbous =/= Crescent, so either or Horizon Waning = going away, Moon orbits same direction we rotate, so… ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 51

  52. Galileo’s observations of the phases of Venus in 1610 ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 52

  53. The apparent size of Venus correlates with its phase ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 53

  54. During what phase of the moon would you see a solar eclipse (the moon eclipses the sun)? How about a lunar eclipse (the earth eclipses the moon)? Why isn’t there an eclipse at every full and new moon? ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 54

  55. Solar Eclipses total annular ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 55

  56. Lunar Eclipse ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Chapter 2 � 56

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