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3G Evolution Chapter: 12 12 HSPA Evolution HSPA Evolution Ruiyuan Tian Department of Electrical and Information Technology p gy 2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 1 Outline Introduction Evolved Features

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SLIDE 1

3G Evolution

Chapter: 12

12

HSPA Evolution HSPA Evolution

Department of Electrical and Information Technology

Ruiyuan Tian

p gy

2009-04-02 1 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

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SLIDE 2

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced CELL FACH operation (about “wake-from-idle” time) _ p ( ) – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 2

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SLIDE 3

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3

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SLIDE 4

Introduction

  • Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+, I-HSPA)

By S. Parkvall

– a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP Release 7+ – DL: 42 Mbit/s (14 Mbit/s in HSPA) – UL: 22 Mbit/s (5 8 Mbit/s in HSPA) – UL: 22 Mbit/s (5.8 Mbit/s in HSPA)

  • An optional all-IP architecture for the network
  • Significant battery life improvements, dramatically quicker

g y p y q wake-from-idle time, a true “always-on” connection

  • 1st commercial launched late 2008 (Australia)

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 4

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SLIDE 5

Evolution?

  • Increase in performance and capability
  • Evolved Features:

Evolved Features:

– MIMO

  • dual-stream

Higher order modulation – Higher-order modulation

  • 64QAM in DL, 16QAM in UL

– Continues packet connectivity

  • “always-on”

– Enhanced operation

  • quicker “wake-from-idle” time

http://www.slashphone.com/qualcomm- completed-20-mbps-hspa-data-call-311077

– Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 5

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SLIDE 6

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 6

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SLIDE 7

HSDPA-MIMO (1)

  • MIMO

– Cell-edge: to increase carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) g ( )

  • Diversity, beamforming

– Close to BS (high CIR): to “data-rate booster”

  • Spatial multiplexing: multiple layers/streams transmission

Spatial multiplexing: multiple layers/streams transmission

  • HSDPA-MIMO: dual-stream Tx adaptive array (D-TxAA)

– Up to 2 streams supported – each with same PHY processing (coding, spreading, modulation…) – Linear pre-coding: mapping to the 2 Tx antennas

  • Tx diversity
  • Beamforming
  • Orthogonal layers: signal pre-distortion for reduced interference
  • Main evolution in PHY

Main evolution in PHY

– Small impact to the protocol layer

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 7

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SLIDE 8

HSDPA-MIMO (2)

  • HS-DSCH (HS-

DLSharedChannel) DLSharedChannel)

– Modified to support up to 2 transport blocks per TTI (2 ms) – Virtual antennas

P di

HS DSCH MAC h d HS-DSCH processing of MIMO transmission

  • Pre-coding

– Mapping between virtual and physical

HS-DSCH : MAC-hs and PHY processing MIMO transmission

virtual and physical antennas

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 8

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SLIDE 9

HSDPA-MIMO (3)

3GPP TS 25.214 V4.4.0, Release 99 TX diversity Pre-coding Control Indication (PCI) feedback from UE Phase rotation in mode 1

  • Closed loop mode 1: phase adjustment
  • Equal Gain combining @ Tx
  • Closed loop mode 2: phase & amplitude adjustment

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 9

Closed loop mode 2: phase & amplitude adjustment

  • Maximum Ratio combining @ Tx
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SLIDE 10

HSDPA-MIMO (4)

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Single stream transmission

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Pre-coding Dual stream transmission

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 10

transmission

By M. Zhu

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SLIDE 11

HSDPA-MIMO (5)

  • Rate control for HSDPA-MIMO

– Also to determine # of streams and pre-coding matrix p g

  • Hybrid-ARQ with Soft Combining for HSDPA-MIMO

– One hybrid-ARQ ACK per stream

  • HS-SCCH (Shared Control Channel): Out-band DL control

Part 1 Part 2

  • Channelization codes
  • Modulation scheme
  • UE ID
  • Transport block size

Modulation scheme Transport block size

  • Hybrid ARQ information
  • # of streams
  • Pre-coding matrix
  • Transport block size, stream 2
  • Hybrid ARQ information, stream 2

HS DPCCH (D di t d Ph i l C t l Ch l)

  • HS-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
  • Out-band UL control signal
  • Hybrid-ARQ ACK (1 or 2 streams)
  • Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): recommended data rate (# of streams)

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 11

  • Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): recommended data rate (# of streams)
  • Pre-coding Control Information (PCI): pre-coding matrix
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SLIDE 12

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 12

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SLIDE 13

Higher-order modulation

  • MIMO gain

– Relies on certain propagation conditions p p g – LOS: high CIR, but no multi-stream

  • Higher-order modulation

64 QAM i DL 16 QAM i UL – 64 QAM in DL, 16 QAM in UL

DL peak rate (Mbits/s) UL peak rate (Mbits/s) ( ) ( ) Non-MIMO MIMO 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM BPSK/QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM BPSK/QPSK 16QAM 14 21 28 42 5.7 11

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 13

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SLIDE 14

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 14

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SLIDE 15

Continuous packet connectivity (CPC)

  • WCDMA state model

– CELL_PCH/URA_PCH: low power consumption, paging states _ _ p p , p g g – CELL_FACH: accessing (small data), DL monitor – CELL_DCH: high-transmission activity, HS-DSCH, E-DCH (dedicated)

Continuous packet connectivity

  • Continuous packet connectivity

– “always-on”, keeping CELL-DCH – Less states switch

Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling

  • Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
  • Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
  • HS-SCCH-less operation

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 15

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SLIDE 16

DTX-reducing UL overhead

  • E-DCH (user data)

– Interference & Overhead source: UL DPCCH – Solution: less frequent DPCCH if no activity

Longer cycle No activity

  • HS-DPCCH (control signal)

– CQI

No CQI reports if not coincide with DTX cycle

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 16

No recent HS-DSCH transmission

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SLIDE 17

DRX-reducing UE power consumption

  • UE

– Monitor 4 HS-SCCHs in each subframe – Full scheduling flexibility, but power-consumption

  • DRX

A UE DRX l ft i d f HS DSCH i ti it – A UE DRX cycle after a period of HS-DSCH inactivity – Combined with DTX

No activity Longer DTX cycle Coordinated DRX cycle

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 17

Coordinated DRX cycle

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SLIDE 18

HS-SCCH-less operation: DL overhead reduction

  • Overhead

– HS-SCCH for DL scheduling, significant in small payloads (VoIP) g, g p y ( )

  • HS-SCCH-less operation

– To perform HS-DSCH transmission without HS-SCCH Bli d d di f t i f t ( d l ti d ) – Blind decoding for certain formats (modulation, code)

No SCCH accompanied

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 18

No NAK to be transmitted for overhead reduction

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SLIDE 19

Enhanced CELL_FACH operation

  • CELL_FACH (Forward Access Channel)

– No dedicated physical channel p y – UE to monitor DL – Latency for state switch from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH

Enhanced CELL FACH operation

  • Enhanced CELL_FACH operation

– HS-DSCH signaling (DL) allowed in CELL_FACH state

  • User data transfer during the state switch from FACH to DCH

– E-DCH signaling (UL) activated in CELL_FACH state

  • Reduce delay from switching to DCH

– Reduction in call-setup delay, improved user perception p y, p p p

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 19

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SLIDE 20

Layer 2 protocol enhancement

  • Radio Link Control (RLC)

– In the control plane of layer 2 p y – Offer services to higher layers

  • RLC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

A t f S i D t U it (SDU) d t fl – A segment of Service Data Unit (SDU) data flow – Comprised of a data segment and the RLC header

  • RLC PDU size

– Semi-static: limit the peak data rate – Flexible RLC PDU size

  • Match the instantaneous radio condition
  • Match the instantaneous radio condition

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 20

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SLIDE 21

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 21

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SLIDE 22

Advanced receiver (1)

  • More advanced receiver algorithms

– No specified receiver structure p – Specified performance requirement

  • Developed with a baseline receiver
  • Advanced UE receivers in 3GPP
  • Advanced UE receivers in 3GPP

– Type 1: RX diversity – Type 2: LMMSE chip-level equalizer (EQ) – Type 3: RX diversity + LMMSE EQ – Type 4: RX diversity + interference-aware EQ

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 22

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SLIDE 23

Advanced receiver (2)

  • Type 1: RX diversity

(optional) up to 2

  • Type 2

Reference receiver – (optional) up to 2 antennas – Limitation: branch – Reference receiver structure: LMMSE chip- level equalizer imbalance, form factor

  • f UE…

– Any receivers, e.g., Generalized RAKE – … – …

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 23

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SLIDE 24

Advanced receiver (3)

2 dB gain for LMMSE over RAKE G-RAKE equalizes the channel to be flat [] K. Freudenthaler, et al., Throughput Analysis for a UMTS High Speed [] Gregory E. Bottomley, et al., Advanced receivers for WCDMA terminal

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 24

Throughput Analysis for a UMTS High Speed Downlink Packet Access LMMSE Equalizer Advanced receivers for WCDMA terminal platforms and base stations

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SLIDE 25

Advanced receiver (4)

  • Type 3

– Combination of RX diversity and EQ (Type 1 + 2) y ( yp )

Type 2 Type 1 Type 3 RAKE

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 25

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SLIDE 26

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Evolved Features

– HSDPA-MIMO – Higher-order modulation – Continuous packet connectivity – Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle” p – Layer 2 protocol enhancement – Advanced receiver

  • Summary

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 26

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SLIDE 27

Summary

  • HSPA Evolution

– Evolution of WCDMA: backwards compatibility p y – MIMO: increased peak data rate – Higher order modulation Continuous Packet Connectivity: “always on” – Continuous Packet Connectivity: always-on – Advanced receiver

  • More to evolve

– BW extension: combine of multiple 5 MHz HSPA carriers

LTE-WiMAX contest winner could be HSPA+ for now

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 27

HSPA+ for now

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SLIDE 28

3G Evolution

Chapter: 12 HSPA Evolution

Thanks Thanks Thanks Thanks

Department of Electrical and Information Technology

Ruiyuan Tian

p gy

2009-04-02 28 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband