Chapter 1 Welcome to Linux Dr. Marjan Trutschl - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chapter 1 Welcome to Linux

• Dr. Marjan Trutschl

marjan.trutschl@lsus.edu Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115

Introducing Shells

¤ History of UNIX and GNU-Linux ¤ Heritage of Linux: UNIX ¤ What Is So Good About Linux? ¤ Overview of Linux ¤ Additional Features of Linux

History of UNIX and GNU-Linux

¤ Operating Systems

¤ Composed of the kernel and system programs ¤ Kernel – Allocates storage, memory and CPU cycles ¤ System Programs – Drivers, utility programs, shells and everything else

¤ Linux Kernel

¤ Developed by Linus Torvalds and released for free in 1991 ¤ “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not

• price. To understand the concept, you

should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.”

Linus Torvalds is a “really unpleasant person”

History of UNIX and GNU-Linux

¤ Apple’s MAC OS X

¤ Based on the Mach kernel ¤ Mach kernel is free and open source ¤ OS X and Linux are closely related to UNIX

¤ Accessible Through the Terminal App

¤ On a Mac: open a finder window, then Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal ¤ This will give you a command line, very similar to Linux

¤ In Windows, use PuTTY to emulate the Linux environment

Heritage of Linux: UNIX

¤ UNIX

¤ Originally developed by Bell Labs, widely released in 1975 ¤ Primarily developed in universities for advanced computing ¤ Brought into the commercial sector by graduates ¤ Large contributions by Berkeley, AT&T and UNIX System Labs

¤ Richard Stallman Launched GNU Project

¤ Decided to “…put together a sufficient body of free software that I will be able to get along without software that is not free.” ¤ Free as in speech, not beer, it can be packaged for profit

He’s probably proselytizing freedom of software, again.

What Is So Good About Linux?

¤ It’s Free, As In Beer, but also: ¤ Open source code ¤ Standardized for cross-platform application development ¤ Lots of apps, peripherals, software, emulators and VMs

¤ It’s Good at Running Virtual Machines

¤ VMs provide many advantages over dedicated machines ¤ Isolation, security, power consumption and they simplify testing of multiple disparate systems ¤ Check out Vmware.com or even install the Oracle VirtualBox

• n your personal computer

Overview of Linux

¤ Linux is Portable

¤ Written in C, so any machine with a C compiler can run it ¤ It now runs mainframes, PDAs, cell phones and cable boxes ¤ C is not a very high level, which allows it to run quickly but with enough modularity to create high level constructs

¤ Uses Kernel Interface

Overview of Linux

¤ Secure Hierarchical Filesystem

Overview of Linux

¤ The Shell: Command Interpreter and Programming Language

¤ It’s your interface to the OS ¤ Most popular types are: Bourne Again Shell (bash), Debian Almquist Shell (dash), TC Shell (tcsh) and Z Shell (zsh) ¤ Allows creation of shell script to perform routine functions ¤ It’s actually a very high level programming language

Matthew Broderick always drinks Tab while toying with the fate of billions

Overview of Linux

¤ Many Useful Utilities

¤ Often referred to as ‘commands,’ they can create, display, print, copy, search or sort files and their contents, and more ¤ Output can be filtered or pipelined to another process

Additional Features

¤ GUIs

¤ MAC OS X Aqua – Desktop Environment ¤ GNOME – GNU Desktop Environment ¤ Notably, this is integral to Red Hat ¤ X Window System ¤ Allows GUI to run with Linux, simply and easily ¤ Capable of displaying across networked devices

xeyes knows if you’ve been bad

• r good.

Summary

¤ History of UNIX and GNU-Linux ¤ Heritage of Linux: UNIX ¤ What Is So Good About Linux? ¤ Overview of Linux ¤ Additional Features of Linux

Exercise

¤ Set up your Raspberry Pi

¤ 1. Install NOOBS (https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/noobs- setup/). ¤ 2. Configure it to local settings. ¤ 3. Change your password. ¤ 4. Connect it to the LSUS wireless network ‘eduroam’ with a Wi-Fi dongle. ¤ 5. Run the ‘ifconfig’ command and copy the hardware address for the ‘wlan0’ connection. ¤ 6. Send this address to your professor in an email.

Exercise Hint

Once you’re logged in to the command line

• n your RPi, enter

‘ifconfig’ to check the status of your WiFi

• connection. The ‘eth0’

is your ethernet, or wired port, ‘lo’ is a loopback for testing and ‘wlan0’ is your WiFi

• dongle. To establish a

static IP address, the network guys need this

• address. This works

even if your WiFi is not connected yet.

Work Cited

¤ “About Us." GNOME About Us Comments. N.p., 31 Aug.

• 2010. Web. 21 Dec. 2015. <https://www.gnome.org/about/>.

¤ "Raspberry Pi NOOBS Setup." Raspberry Pi NOOBS Setup

• Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2015. <https://

www.raspberrypi.org/help/noobs-setup/>. ¤ Sobell, Mark G. ”Welcome to Linux and Mac OS X." A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell

• Programming. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Pearson,
• 2013. N. pag. Print.

¤ Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System>.