The Future of the Darknet CERT-MU Computer Emergency Response Team of Mauritius Mrs. Selvana Naiken Gopalla Information Security Consultant
Agenda CERT-MU Introduction to the Darknet Darknet Markets The Darknet’s Future Challenges of the Darknet The Darknet and Law Enforcement CERT- MU’s contribution in combatting Cybercrime Final Notes www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 2
Definitions CERT-MU Darknet • An overlay network that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard communications protocols and ports. Deep web • Parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines. Clearnet • This traditional world wide web has relatively low-base anonymity, with most websites routinely identifying users by their IP address. www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 3
Introduction to the Darknet CERT-MU www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 4
Clearnet, Deep Web and Darknet CERT-MU Darknet only Clearnet one small 0.03% part of Deep Web Deep Web 99.97% www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 5
The Negative Effect of The Darknet CERT-MU Drug Selling of Child Organ Trafficking Weapons Pornography Trafficking Torture Hacked Banned Other illegal videos credentials books contents www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 6
Accessing the Darknet CERT-MU Stands for "The Anonymous Onion Router" internet proxy Wraps Web addresses messages in not like typical encrypted URLs layers Directories, wikis, free links www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 7
How TOR works? CERT-MU www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 8
Darknet Markets CERT-MU Commercial website via darknets Black markets selling illicit good as well as legal products First pioneering marketplace – Silk Road (Ross Ulbricht, Feb 2011) Payments made in cryptocurrencies Peer-to-peer, no need for cash or intermediary www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 9
The Silk Road Payment System CERT-MU www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 10
Darknet Money CERT-MU Bitcoin Crypto Tumbling to currencies such maintain as Bitcoin anonymity Person to Transactions person money verified on transfer public ledgers www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 11
From Darknet Money To Digital Gold CERT-MU Initially, bitcoin perceived as Darknet money Countries like India and China tightened existing regulations People moving away from traditional forms of money and assets Decentralised nature - Prevents authority from seizing user funds Bitcoin more efficient version of gold as of now www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 12
The Darknet’s Future CERT-MU The Darknet will Competition amongst Increase in Darknet become even darker cryptocurrencies consumption Expansion of the Emergence of private A new Avatar for the Darknet marketplace delivery services Darknet www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 13
Challenges of the Darknet CERT-MU Hiding identities of Growing markets Difficult to trace those involved in for hacking Darknet operators Bitcoin programs transactions Tax evasion and limitations on imports and exports www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 14
The Darknet and Law Enforcement CERT-MU Data gathering, Understand Broader Harmonize Rather than the Understand strategy criminal laws research, eradication, conditions how Darknet including and improve public focus on bad that give rise markets prevention, investigation education actors and to the operate detection, and together bad patterns Darknet and response cooperation with policymaker www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 15
The Darknet and Law Enforcement CERT-MU What monitoring tools are needed to get a thorough picture of the Darknet markets in the wider international community? What monitoring tools are needed to facilitate an efficient exchange of information for policy making? How can existing tools and mechanisms (by law enforcement and others) be leveraged? Which learnings and experiences from tackling other criminal activities online, are the most pertinent and are replicable? What can be done specifically to monitor the Darknet markets? www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 16
The Darknet and Law Enforcement CERT-MU How could prevention strategies be effective for the online environment? Should such prevention strategies be split according to target groups? What legal framework at national and International level, is required for effectively investigating and combating illicit darknet markets? What technical tools are needed to increase the effectiveness and impact of investigations (software applications, investigation techniques, etc.)? What is the role and responsibility of the stakeholders (industry, public authorities, civil society) in tracking Darknet markets on the internet? How can we best reach the different stakeholders? www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 17
CERT- MU’s contribution in combatting CERT-MU Cybercrime Knowing the dangers Public and private partnership Who, why, how Aiming on prevention Target and Shared responsibility perpetrators Effective criminal Partnerships to share justice framework Prevention better How much harm information and than cure Better response to combine efforts Technology evolving Preventive measures cybercrime rapidly Partnership with easy to implement overseas law Rapid and continuous Users should avoid enforcement enactment of laws becoming victims agencies Maintain safe and Govt and industry secure cyberspace more proactive www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 18
Final Notes CERT-MU Develop a globally strategic overview of the threats presented by the Darknet Coordination of global action to destabilise Darknet marketplaces Investigators should have the knowledge, expertise and tools www.cert - mu.org.mu | Hotline: 800 2378 | Email: contact@cert.ncb.mu | Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu 19
CERT-MU Thank You Computer Emergency Response Team of Mauritius (CERT-MU) Tel: 210 55 20 | Hotline: 800 2378 General Enquiry: contact@cert.ncb.mu Subscribe to Mail List: subscribe@cert.ncb.mu CONTACT US Incident Reporting: incident@cert.ncb.mu Vulnerability Reporting: vulnerability@cert.ncb.mu Cybersecurity Portal: http://cybersecurity.ncb.mu Website: www.cert-mu.org.mu 20
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