CARDIOLOGY CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS CARDIOPUMONARY BLOOD FLOW - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS

CARDIOLOGY

CARDIOPUMONARY BLOOD FLOW REVIEW http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUtehbgbp Rk&feature=player_detailpage#t=268s

The Coronary Circulation http://www.youtube.com/embed/7JHFeXl6kH4 ?feature=player_detailpage

The vascular network consists of both small and large vessels specifically designed to accommodate varying levels of blood flow and pressure, depending upon the location within the body (e.g. large conduit vessels versus small microvessels within the capillary beds in tissues). In addition, layered within the vascular tissue is a diverse population of cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, and other connective tissue cell types. The combination of these cell types make up the vascular tissue and form tight junctions or connections, which allow for permeability for both passive and active transport across the vessel wall. VASCULAR BIOLOGY

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

VASCULAR BIOLOGY PLAQUE DISRUPTION COMPLICATIONS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

• DECREASED MYOCARDIAL

OXYGEN SUPPLY

• INCREASED MYOCARDIAL

OXYGEN DEMAND

• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

• ISCHEMIC SYNDROMES

(ANGINAS)

• ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
• REVASCULARIZATION
• PTCA (BALLOON)
• CORONARY STENTS
• BYPASS GRAFTING

BIOLOGICAL PROGRESSION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=mCYAOeEe6-w#t=214s

Hyp Hypot Peri

MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN BALANCE MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN BALANCE

Myocardial oxygen balance is determined by the ratio of

• xygen supply to oxygen demand. Increasing oxygen supply by

increasing either arterial oxygen content or coronary blood flow leads to an increase in tissue oxygen levels (usually measured as the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2). Increasing oxygen demand alone (i.e., myocardial oxygen consumption) decreases tissue oxygen levels. Normally, when oxygen demand increases there is a proportionate increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen supply so that tissue oxygen levels are maintained during times of increased oxygen demand. This increase in blood flow is performed by local regulatory mechanisms. This tight coupling between oxygen demand and coronary blood flow is impaired in coronary artery disease because oxygen supply is limited by vascular stenosis. If the oxygen supply/demand ratio is reduced either by a decrease in oxygen delivery relative to demand, or by an increase in demand relative to supply, then tissue hypoxia results

CHEST RADIOGRAPHY

The Cardiac Silhouette

NORMAL 12 LEAD EKG

Electrocardiography

Electrocardiogram

• n animals, usually for diagnosis of heart abnormalit

.

ECG leads Location of MI Coronary Artery II, III, aVF Inferior MI Right Coronary Artery V1-V4 Anterior or Anteroseptal MI Left Anterior Descending Artery V5-V6, I,aVL Lateral MI Left Circumflex Artery ST depression in V1, V2 Posterior MI Left Circumflex Artery or Right Coronary Artery

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7nghr9Tp SU&feature=player_detailpage VIRTUAL CORONARY PTCA W/ STENT PLACEMENT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player _detailpage&v=JeH4zPzQgRc LEFT HEART CORONARY CATHETERIZATION WITH LEFT VENTRICULOGRAM WITH AORTIC RUN- OFF FOLLOWED BY PTCA AND MUTIPLE CORONARY STENTING OF THE RIGHT DISTAL CORONARY ARTERY

THE APPLICATION AREAS OF ECG DIAGNOSIS