Capabilities and Limitations Kenneth E. (Ken) Arnold Sigma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Capabilities and Limitations Kenneth E. (Ken) Arnold Sigma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Offshore Development Concepts: Capabilities and Limitations Kenneth E. (Ken) Arnold Sigma Explorations Holdings LTD April, 2013 Outline Platforms Floating Structures Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) Tension Leg

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Offshore Development Concepts: Capabilities and Limitations

Kenneth E. (Ken) Arnold Sigma Explorations Holdings LTD April, 2013

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SLIDE 2
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Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 4
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SLIDE 5
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SLIDE 6

Tamar Jacket

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SLIDE 7
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SLIDE 8

Tamar Topsides Sailaway

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SLIDE 9
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SLIDE 10
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SLIDE 11
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SLIDE 12
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SLIDE 13
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SLIDE 14

Tamar Installation

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SLIDE 15

15-Aug-13 15

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SLIDE 16

Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 17

EXAMPLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE VESSEL (SSV) BASED FIELD DEVELOPMENT

  • Location

GOM

  • Water depth

2,200 ft.

  • Displacement 35,000 tons
  • Hull weight 10,000 tons

Number of wells 24

  • Export

Flowlines to hub Pipeline hub to shore

  • Payload / Hub Capacity Low
  • CAPEX Moderate
  • OPEX

High

  • Industry Experience High
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SLIDE 18

BP Thunderhorse

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SLIDE 19

Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 20

EXAMPLE TENSION LEG PLATFORM (TLP)

  • Location

GOM

  • Water Depth

4,000 ft

  • Deck Weight

23,000 tons

  • Total steel weight 40,000 tons
  • Number of tendons 16
  • Displacement

98,000 tons

  • Number of wells 24
  • Installation method: - Hull & MSF

floated out to site

  • Deck modules

installed offshore

  • Export:

Pipeline to shore

  • Payload / Hub Capacity Moderate
  • CAPEX

Moderate

  • OPEX

Moderate

  • Industry Experience High
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SLIDE 21

21 15-Aug-13

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SLIDE 22

Shell Mars

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SLIDE 23

Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 24

Spar

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SLIDE 25
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SLIDE 26
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SLIDE 27

Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 28

Spring Buoy Mooring Lines Risers Chain Seabed anchors Hull Turret Production Facilities Gas Pipeline

EXAMPLE FLOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFTAKE SYSTEM (FPSO)

  • Location

GOM

  • Water depth

4,000 ft.

  • Displacement 125,000
  • Deck Payload 30,000 tons

Number of wells 20

  • Export

Oil Shuttle tanker Gas Pipeline to shore

  • Payload / Hub Capacity High
  • CAPEX Low
  • OPEX

High

  • Industry Experience High
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SLIDE 29

Foinaven FPSO

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PLATFORMS

COST PLATFORM TYPE

PAYLOAD CAPACITY CAPEX OPEX EARLY PRODUCTION EASE OF DRILLING VERTICAL WELL ACCESS EASE OF RE-USE HUB CAPACITY DEEPWATER APPLICATION SCHEDULE STORAGE EASE OF REMOVAL

FIXED JACKET

H M H M H H L H L L N L

CONCRETE GBS

H L M M H H L H L L H M

COMPLIANT TOWER

M H H M H H M H M M N M

TLP

M M M H M H M H M M L M

SPAR

M M M H M H H H H M M M

FPS / SSV

L M L H L L H M H H L H

FPSO

H H L H L L H H H H H H

SUBSEA

N L L H L L L N H H N L

H = High Score M = Moderate Score L = Low Score N = Not Applicable

ATTIRIBUTES OF DEEPWATER FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS

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SLIDE 31

Outline

  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 32

Subsea Trees, Jumpers, Manifold, Pipeline End Terminals (PLETs)

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Ormen Lange- Statoil/Norsk Shell

  • Subsea multiphase

pipeline to shore

  • Water Depth: 800 – 1000

meters

  • Pipeline: 2- 30 in, 120km
  • Flowrate: 70 MMm3/d

(2.5 BSCFD)

– 24 wells

  • Reserves: 400Bm3
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SLIDE 34
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Statoil Tordis – Produced Water Injection, Multiphase Measurement and Pumps

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Outline

  • Production Systems
  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Wax/Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 37

M:AMEC Paragon Presentations/SPE DL- CA

  • K. Arnold Consulting, Inc.

Figure 5.4-2: Flow Line Inlet Pressure

1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 225 300 400 500 600 Flow Rate [mmscfd] Inlet Pressure [psia] Max Min

Inlet Pressure

Max Capacity Due to Pressure is between 500-600 MMscf/d. However, the maximum flow limit is further constrained by the Stabilizer Capacity.

Pressure fluctuations due To Slugging

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HYDRATES

  • A crystal of

hydrocarbon and water

  • Necessary Conditions:

– Temperature (15 to 20C) – Pressure – Free water

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SLIDE 39

Mitigation

  • Insulate flowlines and mitigate during cool down
  • Blow down to atmosphere
  • Circulate inhibitor or dead oil
  • Heated fluid circulation
  • Direct electric heating
  • Chemical inhibition
  • Methanol
  • MEG
  • Low Dose Hydrate Inhibition (LDHI)
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SLIDE 40

Wax Mitigation

  • Insulation
  • Pigging
  • Hot oiling
  • Pour Point Depressants
  • Solvents

Wax in Flowline Various Pigs Scraper Pig

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Outline

  • Production Systems
  • Platforms
  • Floating Structures

– Semi-Submersible/ Floating Production System (FPS) – Tension Leg Platform (TLP) – Spar – Ship Shape/Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

  • Subsea
  • Flow Assurance

– Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup – Hydrates – Paraffin

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 42

Development Concepts