Cannabis Legalization in Washington State Sarah Mariani, CPP Behavioral Health Supervisor Division of Behavioral Health & Recovery Health Care Authority 1
Learning Objectives Review Washington’s cannabis policy Learn Washington’s statistics on youth cannabis use Discover youth cannabis use prevention efforts 3
Washington Marijuana Legalization Timeline 2017 – ESSB 2012 – I-502 5131 Increased 1998 – I-692 - Legalization of 2015- First advertisement Medical Use of marijuana for funding and public use Marijuana Act recreational use distribution restriction 2011 – SB 5073 2014 – First 2016 – ESSB allowed patients recreational 5052 Integration to receive marijuana store of medical and prescriptions for opened – retail marijuana medical use of regulated by stores marijuana Liquor and (practically Cannabis Board vetoed by Governor) 4
2018 Retail and Medical Marijuana Locations Retail – Retail/Medical – Total: 497 Source: Washington Liquor and Cannabis Board 5
Marijuana Use: Past 30 Days remains steady 40% 6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade 30% 26% 25% 20% 18% 17% 10% 10% 6% 1% 1% 0% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 6th Grade 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 8th Grade 10% 9% 7% 8% 10% 9% 7% 6% 10th Grade 18% 17% 18% 19% 20% 19% 18% 17% 12th Grade 25% 20% 22% 23% 26% 27% 27% 26% 7 Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
Marijuana Use, Past 30 Days 10 th Grade by Race/Ethnicity 35% 30% 26% 25% 22% 21% 21% 20% 19% 20% 16% 15% 10% 9% 5% 0% Hispanic American Asian or Asian Black or African- Multi-Race Native Other Race White Indian/Alaskan American American Hawaiian/Other Native Pacific Islander non-Hispanic Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016 . 8
Youth Perceptions on Ease of Availability, 10 th Grade 80% 2010 2016 56% 60% 54% 53% 48% 47% 40% 35% 20% 0% Alcohol Access – how easy Marijuana – how easy Cigarettes – how easy (very + sort of) (very + sort of) (very + sort of) Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2016. 9
Perception of Low/No Harm, 10 th Grade No/Low risk from trying 1-2 times No/Low risk from regular use* 70% 61% 60% 58% 60% 56% 51% 50% 50% 40% 34% 33% 29% 27% 30% 23% 20% 18% 10% * “Smoke” marijuana was changed to “use” regularly in 0% 2014. This may mark a break 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 in the trend. Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2016. 10
Relationship between Grades and Past 30 Day Use, 10 th Grade % of Students with C's, D's and F's Statewide, more 60% 10 th graders who 50% 44% use marijuana 40% report C’s, D’s and F’s in school 30% 21% compared to 20% those who don’t 10% use. 0% Using Marijuana Not Using Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016 . 11
Washington marijuana use by young adults: 18-25 % 30 % 25 % 20 % 15 % 10 % 5 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 18-20 year olds 21-25 year olds Young Adult Health Survey 2017 12
Perceived Risk of Harm from Marijuana Use: Young Adults 40% 18-20 36% 21-25 31% 30% 22% 19% 20% 10% 0% Psychological Harm Physical Harm Marijuana Use Young Adult Health Survey 2017 13
Youth use of Cannabis Prevention Efforts Policy Advertising and Labeling restrictions Prevention programs 15
Policies: Laws and Rules Earmarked funds for Under 21 years of Labeling and Advertising prevention, age not allowed in packaging limitations and treatment, education stores regulations regulation Per se DUI Limit of Illegal to use 0.5 ng/mL (RCW No delivery allowed. Local Zoning/Bans marijuana in public 46.61.502) Marijuana research Businesses can use license allows banks, which Cannot infuse into Taxes researcher to produce, prevents cash on alcohol or tobacco process and possess hand marijuana for research 16
Advertisement Restrictions Marketing to children/youth is illegal Billboards can Advertisement only include is not allowed name of on public business and property Prevention location of youth use Location of Depictions of retail outlets marijuana on cannot be near billboards is schools or not allowed playgrounds 17
Packaging Requirements Washington Liquor and Cannabis Board 18
Consistent messaging of health risks Marijuana is addictive for 1 in 10 users, addiction rates increase as age of initial use decreases * Memory loss, attention and learning difficulties * Increased risks of testicular cancer * Increased risk of chronic psychosis disorders (including schizophrenia)* *CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects.html NAS: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24625/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state 19
Education and Media Campaigns 20
Prevention Services Tribal Prevention Services Community Prevention Services - Community Prevention Wellness Incentive and Community Based Organizations Life Skills Training (Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction) Home Visiting (Department of Children, Youth and Families) Prevention EBP Training Best Practices Toolkit 21
Best Practice Program List Results Promising Programs EBP/RBP We found more programs! 5 Promising Programs (PP) 19 Evidence-based Programs We identified a total of 29 (EBP) and Research Based 5 Promising Environmental programs Programs (RBP) Strategies List is available at: www.theAthenaForum.org/prevention-101/excellence-prevention-strategy-list 26
What does this mean for Washington? Rates of youth using marijuana use has remained steady since legalization Smoking marijuana is still the most popular use of marijuana Emergence of vaping of marijuana There’s a need for increased research on driver impairment testing 28
Troubling Trends Higher THC concentrates in products (concentrates) Cannabis poisoning increases of children 0-5 years old Marijuana at private events – infused food or “weed bar” Juuling is a vaping product that appeals to kids with marijuana infused pods in various flavors. 29
Successes Advertising Restrictions Packaging Restrictions Edible dosage Limitations Expanded Prevention and Treatment Services Increased Research 30
Lessons Learned 31
Resources Athena Forum – www.TheAthenaForum.org/Marijuana Healthy Youth Survey – www.AskHYS.net You Can WA – www.youcanwa.org Know This About Cannabis – www.knowthisaboutcannabis.org Start Talking Now – www.starttalkingnow.org Liquor and Cannabis Board – https://lcb.wa.gov University of Washington Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute – www.LearnAboutMarijuanaWA.org CDC - https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/ SAMHDA (Substance Abuse & Mental Health Data Archive) https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/study-publication/effect-medical-marijuana-laws- adolescent-and-adult-use-marijuana-alcohol-and-other 32
Questions? Sarah Mariani, Supervisor, Substance Use Disorder Prevention and Mental Health Promotion Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery Health Care Authority Sarah.Mariani@hca.wa.gov Tel: 360-725-3774 33
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