CAMBIUM CONSUL T ING & E NGINE E R ING E xc e ptional Se - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CAMBIUM

CONSUL T ING & E NGINE E R ING E xc e ptional Se r vic e Guiding De c isions for a Be tte r F utur e

c ambium-inc .c om

Ge ote c hnic al Inve stigation

Various Gravel Roads Township of Douro- Dummer

Pur pose :

• Asse ss the quality and c o nditio ns alo ng se ve n (7) pre -

se le c te d g rave l surfac e d ro ads within the T

• wnship
• T

e st sto c kpile d Granular M so urc e d fro m E dwards Pit and Winte r Sand fo r c o mpariso n to MT O spe c ific atio ns

• Assist the T

WP with re c o mme ndatio ns fo r impro ve me nt

R

• ad Se gme nt L
• c ations

Road Name From To Length km 2018 Gravel Pit Source Number of Test Pits Centre Road Douro 5th Line Road Highway 28 1.3 Edwards 2 Douro 5th Line Road Centre Road North Limit 1.3 Edwards 2 Douro 4th Line Road County Road 4 North Limit 3.9 Edwards 6 Douro 2nd Line Road Cedar Cross Road County Road 4 3.6 Edwards 6 Clifford Road 4th Line Rd S Dummer 3rd Line Rd S Dummer 1.3 Edwards 2 Fourth Line S Dummer Clifford Road Centre Dummer 1.2 Edwards 2 Twelfth Line S Dummer Highway 7 North Limit 6.3 Drain 8

Stoc kpile d Mate r ial

Material Source Number of Samples Granular M Edwards Pit 1 Winter Sand Warsaw Roads Department Depot 1

F ie ld Inve stigation and Sample Colle c tion:

• May 3, 2019 - T

e st Pit lo c atio ns we re marke d and visual o bse rvatio ns re c o rde d

• May 21-22, 2019 - A to tal o f 28 T

e st Pits we re advanc e d alo ng the 7 pre - se le c te d ro adways

• Cambium re taine d a lo c al e xc avato r (bac kho e ) and te st pits we re

e xc avate d in the driving lane ne ar e dg e o f ro ad

• T

he uppe r 100 mm o f g ranular mate rial was sample d fo r te sting . E xc avatio ns we re c o ntinue d to the unde rside o f the g ranular base to de te rmine de pth o f g ranulars and c o lle c t so me o f the subg rade mate rial

Visual Obse r vation of Road Conditions – May 03, 2019

Road Visual Condition – May 3, 2019 Centre Road Soft to firm surface, common potholes, slight ditch, tapered shoulders, parabolic to low A crown Douro 5th Line Road Very loose/soft surface, significant ruts in places, potholes, pooled water on surface, high shoulder in places, no ditch in places – restricted flow, parabolic to flat crown Douro 4th Line Road Soft to firm surface, cracks in surface of roadway, minor rutting in places, severe potholes, pooled water on surface, high shoulder in some areas, very shallow ditching with restricted flow in low swampy areas, low A crown with sporadic parabolic crown Douro 2nd Line Road Soft to firm surface, minor rutting in places, severe potholes, pooled water on surface, high shoulders, shallow ditching to no ditch in places, flat low area, crown flat A shape in places to parabolic crown in others Clifford Road Mainly firm surface, some soft areas, some potholes, shallow ditching, tapered shoulders, pooled water on surface, low A crown Fourth Line S Dummer Soft to firm surface, common potholes, pooled water on surface, low flat to swampy area, shallow ditching, raised shoulder in places Twelfth Line S Dummer Very firm surface, smooth, no pooled water, no ditch, high shoulder in places, flat A shape crown to slightly parabolic

Road Observations – May 03

Douro 5th Line Rd Douro 2nd Line Rd Twelfth Line S Dummer

Test Pit Excavations – May 21 and 22

Centre Road – TP102 Douro 4th Line – TP106 Twelfth Line S – TP128

T e st Me thods: Stoc kpile d Mate r ial

• Granular M te ste d fo r c o mpariso n to OPSS 1010 spe c ific atio ns fo r ag g re g ate
• Sie ve (g radatio n) to de te rmine partic le size distributio n
• Physic al Pro pe rtie s

Pe rc e nt Crushe d Partic le s Mic ro -De val Abrasio n (c o urse and fine ) Plastic F ine s Unc o nfine d F re e ze -T haw (no t in spe c )

• Winte r Sand te ste d fo r c o mpariso n to OPSS 1004 spe c ific atio ns
• Sie ve (g radatio n)
• Mic ro -De val Abrasio n (fine )
• Org anic I

mpuritie s (no t in spe c )

L abor ator y R e sults:

Sto c kpile d Winte r Sand Sto c kpile d Granular M

Sieve (mm) % Passing* Granular M Specification 26.5 100.0 ‐ 19.0 99.9* 100 13.2 92.8 75 – 95 9.5 80.7* 55 – 80 4.75 58.6* 35 – 55 1.18 38.8 15 – 40 0.300 26.2* 5 – 22 0.150 19.3 ‐ 0.075 13.5* 2 – 8 Laboratory Test Result Gran M Spec Percent Crushed 96% 60% min Micro‐Deval Abrasion (Course) 23.5% 25% max loss Micro‐Deval Abrasion (Fine) 18.6% 30% max loss Plastic Fines 0% 0% Unconfined Freeze‐ Thaw Loss 11.7% N/A Sieve (mm) % Passing* Winter Sand Specification 9.5 99.7* 100 6.7 98.5 97 – 100 4.75 93.7 90 – 100 2.36 82.2 50 – 95 1.18 71.1 20 – 90 0.600 54.4 0 – 70 0.300 33.5 0 – 35 0.150 18.2* 0 – 15 0.075 11.7* 0 – 5 Laboratory Test Result Winter Sand Spec Micro‐Deval Abrasion (Fine) 13.1% 25% max loss Plastic Fines 0% N/A Organic Impurities Colour Chart Reading 1 N/A

*do e s no t me e t OPSS 1010 spe c ific atio ns

Silts and Clays < 0.075 mm

*do e s no t me e t OPSS 1004 spe c ific atio ns

T e st Me thods: T e st Pit Gr anular Sample s

• Uppe r 100 mm o f Surfac e Granulars te ste d fo r c o mpariso n to OPSS 1010 spe c
• All 28 te st pit sample s te ste d fo r Sie ve (g radatio n)
• 1 sample fro m e ac h ro ad te ste d fo r physic al pro pe rtie s

Pe rc e nt Crushe d Mic ro -De val (c o urse and fine ) Plastic F ine s Unc o nfine d F re e ze -thaw (no t is spe c )

• Subg rade Mate rial
• 8 sample s fro m be lo w the e xisting surfac e g ranular mate rial we re

se le c te d fo r Sie ve (g radatio n)

Test Pit ID Road Gravel % Sand % Silt and Clay % Meets OPSS Spec TP101‐19 GS1 Centre Road 28.1 54.7 17.2 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP102‐19 GS1 Centre Road 26.0 59.1 14.9 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP103‐19 GS1 Douro 5th Line Rd 34.9 47.8 17.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP104‐19 GS1 Douro 5th Line Rd 31.7 54.1 14.2 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP105‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 43.4 39.7 16.7 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP106‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 35.8 48.8 15.4 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP107‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 29.2 53.5 17.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP108‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 39.0 44.8 16.2 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP109‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 47.6 34.1 13.5 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP110‐19 GS1 Douro 4th Line Rd 36.6 50.1 13.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP111‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 34.6 51.1 14.4 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP112‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 29.6 54.6 15.8 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP113‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 30.0 55.5 14.5 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP114‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 42.1 48.9 9.0 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP115‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 29.6 55.1 15.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP116‐19 GS1 Douro 2nd Line Rd 33.4 52.0 14.6 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M

Gr adation Br e akdown of Road Sur fac e Gr anular s

Silts and Clays < 0.075 mm OPSS Spec for Granular M and A allows 2 – 8 % passing 0.075 mm

Silts and Clays < 0.075 mm OPSS Spec for Granular M and A allows 2 – 8 % passing 0.075 mm Test Pit ID Road Gravel % Sand % Silt and Clay % Meets OPSS Spec TP117‐19 GS1 Clifford Road 27.9 59.3 12.8 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP118‐19 GS1 Clifford Road 32.2 55.6 12.2 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP119‐19 GS1 Fourth Line S Dummer 34.7 54.8 10.5 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP120‐19 GS1 Fourth Line S Dummer 42.0 48.7 9.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran M TP121‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 29.7 53.2 17.1 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran A TP122‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 53.7 39.9 6.4 Meets Spec – Gran A TP123‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 31.0 52.1 16.9 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran A TP124‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 46.7 44.0 9.3 Does Not Meet Spec – Gran A TP125‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 51.6 40.0 8.4 Meets Spec – Gran A TP126‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 58.2 36.3 5.5 Meets Spec – Gran A TP127‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 54.9 38.3 6.8 Meets Spec – Gran A TP128‐19 GS1 Twelfth Line S Dummer 55.9 38.9 5.7 Meets Spec – Gran A

Gr adation Br e akdown of Road Sur fac e Gr anular s

Summar y of F indings:

• I

n g e ne ral, T we lfth L ine S was o bse rve d to be in sig nific antly be tte r c o nditio n than all

• the r ro ads. T

we lfth L ine was firm, had no po o ling o f wate r o n surfac e , minimal po tho le s, no visible rutting

• Do uro 5th L

ine Rd was fo und to be in the wo rst c o nditio n at the time o f the inve stig atio n with se ve re po tho le s, rutting , po o ling o f wate r

• Granular sample s fro m all ro ad se g me nts we re fo und to me e t OPSS 1010 spe c ific atio ns

fo r Physic al pro pe rtie s (% c rushe d, mic ro -de val, plastic fine s)

• Sie ve analysis re sults indic ate all sample s fro m ro ads c o ve re d with g ranular fro m

E dwards Pit c o ntaine d to o many fine s passing 0.075 mm sie ve (silts and c lays)

• Sinc e the ro ads are in use , we wo uld e xpe c t so me de te rio ratio n o ve r time , ho we ve r the

mate rial use d fro m the so urc e sto c kpile at E dwards Pit did no t me e t spe c ific atio n fo r sie ve analysis

Summar y of F indings:

• Sie ve analysis o n the subg rade mate rial g e ne rally c o nsiste d o f a silty sand g lac ial till

with variable amo unts o f g rave l and c lay with the e xc e ptio n o f T we lfth L ine S and F

• urth L

ine S whic h had subg rade mate rials c o nsisting o f mo stly sand and g rave l.

• Base d o n the labo rato ry re sults, the hydraulic c o nduc tivity o f the silty sand subg rade

mate rial wo uld be re lative ly lo w and c an inc re ase drainag e pro ble ms alo ng the se ro adways

T houghts:

• E

ac h o f the six ro ads in que stio n have de fic ie nc ie s that c an c ause pre mature de te rio ratio n o f the ro ad surfac e . Ho we ve r the re are two ite ms amo ng all o bse rvatio ns that se parate the pe rfo rmanc e o f the T we lfth L ine S

• Granular mate rial use d
• Drainag e o f the ro adways
• T

he g ranular mate rial fo und o n T we lfth L ine S is in Cambium’ s o pinio n a g re ate r quality g ranular be c ause it me e ts OPSS 1010 spe c ific atio n and do e s no t have substantially e le vate d fine s c o mpare d to the o the r six ro ad se g me nts

• OPSS Granular mate rial with lo w fine s c o nte nt allo ws fo r be tte r drainag e thro ug h the

g ranular mate rial, re duc e s re taine d mo isture c o nte nt, and is le ss fro st susc e ptible , minimizing damag e due to fro st he ave and se ttle me nt

• I

t was also no te d that lo we r lying are as whe re drainag e was po o r we re the wo rst pe rfo rming po rtio ns o f the ro adways

R e c omme ndations:

• Grave l ro ads by de sig n re quire re g ular mainte nanc e and re g rading . E

ffo rts to re g rade and re c o mpac t the ro adways afte r the spring thaw and po te ntially at o the r time s o f the ye ar sho uld be c o ntinue d

• All ro ads sho uld be surfac e d o nly with g ranular mate rials that me e t OPSS 1010

spe c ific atio ns. I t is also re c o mme nde d that Granular A be use d in plac e o f Granular M, as it has a slig htly c o arse r g rave l that will pro vide mo re struc ture within the ro ad

• Granular A me e ting the OPSS spe c ific atio ns c an be made fro m the mate rial at the

E dwards Pit ho we ve r re g ular QA/ QC labo rato ry te sting o f sto c kpile s during pro duc tio n sho uld be pe rfo rme d to e nsure o nly quality mate rial is be ing pro duc e d

R e c omme ndations:

• T

he use o f a ro lle r fo r c o mpac tio n will g re a tly impro ve the finishe d surfac e and sho uld be c o nside re d fo r spring mainte nanc e at a minimum

• Ro ad se g me nts in e le vate d are as and are as with g o o d drainag e , may be re paire d

thro ug h the additio n o f a 150 mm lift o f OPSS 1010 Granular A, c o mpac te d to a minimum o f 98% standard Pro c to r maximum dry de nsity (SPMDD). E xisting surfac e mate rials sho uld be re g rade d and also c o mpac te d to a minimum o f 98% SPMDD prio r to plac ing ne w g ranulars

• I

n lo w, we t are as o r are as o f po o r draina g e , it is re c o mme nde d that two (2) 150 mm thic k lifts o f OPSS Granular A, c o mpac te d to a minimum o f 98% SPMDD be plac e d o n to p o f e xisting g ranulars, whic h sho uld be re g rade d and c o mpac te d prio r to plac ing additio nal g ranulars

R e c omme ndations:

• E

ffo rts sho uld be made to e xc avate ditc he s, whe re po ssible , in o rde r to impro ve drainag e fro m the ro ad base

• I

f the munic ipal budg e t allo ws, re c o mpac tio n o f the e xisting ro ad base in the po o re st pe rfo rming are as and plac e me nt o f a c o mbinatio n g e o te xtile filte r fabric and g e o g rid (T e rrafix Co mbiGrid 3030 o r e quivale nt) prio r to installing two lifts o f Granular A, c o uld be c o nside re d. T he plac e me nt o f the Co mbiGrid wo uld e liminate mixing o f the subg rade so ils into the g ranular base and stre ng the n the subg rade , impro ving pe rfo rmanc e and re duc ing mainte nanc e c o sts

Stuar t Bair d, M.E ng., P.E ng. Ge ne r al Manage r , Cambium Inc . Br ian Gr aham, B.Sc . Pr

• je c t Manage r

, Cambium Inc .

Que stions?