C LIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS - FROM THE A MAZON TO T HE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶

Feb 11, 2024 44 likes •339 views

C LIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS - FROM THE A MAZON TO T HE P OLES Dr. Patricia Yager UGA Marine Sciences Climate and the marine biosphere Temperature Light availabilty Nutrients pH SeaWIFS Aris Multimedia

SLIDE 1

Dr. Patricia Yager

UGA Marine Sciences

CLIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS -

FROM THE AMAZON TO THE POLES

SLIDE 2

Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994

Climate and the marine biosphere

SeaWIFS

Temperature
Light availabilty
Nutrients
pH

Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994

SLIDE 3

Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994

Climate and the marine biosphere

SeaWIFS

Temperature
Light availabilty
Nutrients
pH

Climate-active gases ( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 ) Ocean color effects on albedo

Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994

Climate-active gases ( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 ) Ocean color effects on albedo

Ecosystem changes

SLIDE 4

See: Garay&Yager Pumping Carbon activity

http://www.polartrec.com/resources/ activity/pumping-carbon

SLIDE 5

Barrow, Alaska (71°17’N, 156°47’W) Amundsen Sea Polynya (72-74°S, 111-115°W) Amazon River Continuum (0-12°N, 45-59°W)

SLIDE 6

Why is the Amazon plume taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere? Is this sink climate sensitive?

NASA

NASA SeaWIFS

SLIDE 7

Why is the Amundsen Sea polynya taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere? Is this sink climate sensitive?

D. Munroe

SLIDE 8

How will the loss of sea ice and other climate changes affect the coastal Arctic carbon cycle and food web?

W. Kimmerer

NSIDC

SLIDE 9

Microbial control on the productivity of Barrow's coastal waters - Will the battle for nitrogen intensify under climate change?

Patricia Yager Debbie Bronk Marc Frischer University of Georgia Virginia Inst. Mar Sci Skidaway Inst. Oceanogr.

SLIDE 10

Arctic Marine Food Web

http://www.arcodiv.org/

priweb.org

SLIDE 11

Sept 2011

EPA/NASA

SLIDE 12

How will the loss of sea ice affect the food web? Hypothesis: Reduced benthic? Increased pelagic?

Nutrients required!

W. Kimmerer

SLIDE 13

2006 2007 PP 07 - 06 Length of Growing season 07 - 06 Arrigo et al. 2008

SLIDE 14

Nutrients come from the Bering Sea

r from upwelling near the

shelf break

[Courtesy Tom Weingartner]

SLIDE 15

Yager et al. 2001

SLIDE 16

Arctic Marine Food Web

http://www.arcodiv.org/

?

SLIDE 17

Nybakken

SLIDE 18

Food Web

Detritus

(POM + DOM)

Decomposers (bacteria etc)

Nutrients, CO2

Microbial food web

Don’t forget to recycle!

Nybakken

SLIDE 19

Adds to the classical herbivorous food web

Bacteria in food webs Decomposers Prey for protozoans Infected by viruses

SLIDE 20

E. coli

Aren’t bacteria bad?

faculty.mc3.edu/ jearl/ML/ml-7.htm

SLIDE 21

Smallest marine organisms: 0.5 μm in diameter (although largest marine bacterium is 750 μm) Three lifestyles: planktonic, attached, symbiotic 2 million per drop (milliliter) of coastal seawater Decomposers Significant metabolic diversity Low morphological diversity

No – most are needed for healthy ecosystems…

SLIDE 22

Focus on bacteria as heterotrophs or “decomposers” But also perhaps nutrient consumers????

SLIDE 23

Marine life responds to physical change

Late ice retreat Early bloom Benthic production Early ice retreat Late bloom Pelagic production

SLIDE 24

NO3 Phyto Bacteria DOM Light Standard “model”

SLIDE 25

NO3 Phyto Bacteria DOM Light Riverine DOM Future scenario?

SLIDE 26

NO3 Phyto Bacteria DOM Dark Winter ? Riverine DOM Future scenario?

SLIDE 27

Hypothesis: Climate change will enhance the competition for N in the coastal Arctic as it reduces sea ice and increases terrestrial organic inputs, without affecting the annual light cycle. These changes will reduce the flux of C to the benthos, and the efficiency of the biological pump.

SLIDE 28

Small Phyto- Large Phytoplankton Micro Zoo- Meso Zoo- Higher Trophic Sinking Particles Nutrients Bacteria Meso Zoo-

Seals Whales Birds Squid Fish Humans

Courtesy T. Connelly

SLIDE 29

CLIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS -

FROM THE AMAZON TO THE POLES

Climate and the marine biosphere

Climate and the marine biosphere

Climate-active gases ( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 ) Ocean color effects on albedo

Climate-active gases ( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 ) Ocean color effects on albedo

Why is the Amazon plume taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere? Is this sink climate sensitive?

Why is the Amundsen Sea polynya taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere? Is this sink climate sensitive?

How will the loss of sea ice and other climate changes affect the coastal Arctic carbon cycle and food web?

Microbial control on the productivity of Barrow's coastal waters - Will the battle for nitrogen intensify under climate change?

Arctic Marine Food Web

How will the loss of sea ice affect the food web? Hypothesis: Reduced benthic? Increased pelagic?

Arctic Marine Food Web

?

Food Web

Aren’t bacteria bad?

No – most are needed for healthy ecosystems…

Focus on bacteria as heterotrophs or “decomposers” But also perhaps nutrient consumers????

Marine life responds to physical change

Hypothesis: Climate change will enhance the competition for N in the coastal Arctic as it reduces sea ice and increases terrestrial organic inputs, without affecting the annual light cycle. These changes will reduce the flux of C to the benthos, and the efficiency of the biological pump.

Small Phyto- Large Phytoplankton Micro Zoo- Meso Zoo- Higher Trophic Sinking Particles Nutrients Bacteria Meso Zoo-

Small Phytoplankton Large Phyto- Micro Zooplankton Meso Zoo- Fish Birds Sinking Particles Nutrients Bacteria