Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C Comorbidity: The he i int nterpla lay o y of b body i y ima mage a and nd psychi hiatry Amy F y Funk nkens nstein, M n, MD

De Definit initions ions • Hild lda B Bruch ( h (1962)-c -credited a as f first t to i ident ntify b y body i y ima mage disturbanc nce a as i int ntricate p piece o of p patho holo logy o y of e eating ng disorders. . • Cash a h and nd De Deagle le disting nguish b h between p n perceptual d l distortion n and nd a attitudina nal b l body i y ima mage. . • Both a h appear d distorted i in w n wome men i n in E n ED. D. Cash, T h, Tho homa mas F F, , De Deagle le, E , Edwin A n A. III. . III. The N e Nature a e and E Ext xten ent o of B Body-Im -Image D e Disturbances es i in An Anorexi xia N Ner ervosa a and B Bulimia N Ner ervosa: A M : A Meta-An Analysis. 1 1997

Self-Discrepancy T The heory • Higgins ns ( (1987) • “ Magni nitude o of t the he d disparity b y between s n self lf-p -perceived p phys ysical attributes a and nd i int nterna nali lized i ideals ls i is c conc nceptually a lly and nd empirically r lly rela lated t to b body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd e eating ng disturbanc nces a amo mong ng b both c h cli lini nical a l and nd no nonc ncli lini nical s l sample les. ” Strauma man, T n, Timo mothy J y J e et a al. l. Sel elf-D -Discrep epancies es a and V Vulner erability t to B Body D Dissatisfaction a and Disorder ered ed E Eating. J Journa nal o l of P Persona nali lity a y and nd S Social P l Psycho holo logy. 1 . 1991. V . Vole le. 6 . 61, N , No 6 6, , 946-9 -956. .

Epide Epidemiolog iology y • ½ o of a all t ll teena nage g girls ls a and nd 1 1/3 o of t teena nage b boys ys u use w weight ht cont ntrol b l beha haviors s such a h as s ski kipping ng me meals ls, f , fasting ng, s , smo moki king ng cigarettes, v , vomi miting ng a and nd t taki king ng la laxatives. . • 25% o of c colle llege-a -age w wome men e n eng ngage i in b n bing ngeing ng a and nd p purging ng as a a w weight ht-ma -mana nageme ment nt t techni hnique. . • 91% o of w wome men s n surveyed o on a n a c colle llege c campus ha had attempted t to c cont ntrol t l the heir w weight ht t thr hrough d h dieting ng. 2 . 22% di dieted ed “ of often en ” o or “ alw lways ys. ” www.a .ana nad.o .org N Nationa nal A l Association o n of a ano norexia ne nervosa a and nd a associated d disorders

Epide Epidemiolog iology y (continued) • 47% o of 5 5 th th – – 1 12 th th g grade g girls ls r reported w want nting ng t to lo lose w weight ht because o of ma magazine ne p pictures. . • 69% o of 5 5 th th – – 1 12 th th g grade g girls ls s said t tha hat ma magazine ne p pictures inf nflu luenc nced t the heir i idea o of a a p perfect b body s y sha hape. . • 42% o of 1 1 st st – – 3 3 rd rd g grade g girls ls w want nted t to b be t thi hinne nner. . • 81% o of 1 10 y year-o -old lds a are a afraid o of b being ng f fat. . www.a .ana nad.o .org N Nationa nal a l association o n of a ano norexia ne nervosa a and nd a associated d disorders. .

Body I Image a and R Race/E /Ethn hnicity/C /Culture • In a In a s study c y comple leted b by v y van d n den B n Berg e et a al, t l, the hey e y exami mine ned 4,7 ,746 a adole lescent nts 1 11 – – 1 18 y y.o .o a and nd e exami mine ned t the he rela lations nshi hip b between b n body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e -esteem. m. • All g ll groups ha have s some me r rela lations nshi hip b between b n body i y ima mage a and nd self lf-e -esteem. m. • However, A , AAF ha have hi highe her r rates o of s self lf-e -esteem a m and nd lo lower body d y dissatisfaction t n tha han o n othe her r racial/ l/ethni hnic g groups. A . AAF als lso ha had a a w weaker a association b n between b n body i y ima mage a and nd self lf-e -esteem. m.

Body I Image a and R Race/E /Ethn hnicity/C /Culture • Asian w n wome men a n als lso a appear t to ha have a a w weaker r rela lations nshi hip between b n body s y satisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e -esteem c m compared t to whi hite g girls ls b but o overall ha ll had lo lower s self lf-e -esteem a m and nd hi highe her body d y dissatisfaction t n tha han ma n many o y othe her r racial/ l/ethni hnic g groups. . Van d n den B n Berg, P , Patricia A A. e . et a al. l. The L e Link B Between een B Body D Dissatisfaction a and S Sel elf-E -Esteem eem i in Adoles escen ents: S : Similarities es a across G Gen ender er, A , Age, W e, Wei eight S Status, R , Race/ e/ethnicity, a , and Socioec ecomonic S Status . J . Journa nal o l of A Adole lescent nt H Healt lth 2 h 2010. . Vo Vol 4 47. .

Socioeconomic S Status • Highe her S SES p predicts g greater a association b n between b n body y satisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e -esteem. m. • Compared t to w whi hite, u , upper S SES f fema male les, A , Asian a n and nd lo lower SES f fema male les ha have lo lower s self lf-e -esteem s m scores a and nd hi highe her b body dissatisfaction s n scores b but t the he asso associat ciatio ion b between t n the he t two is w weaker. . Van d n den B n Berg, P , Patricia A A. e . et a al. l. The L e Link B Between een B Body D Dissatisfaction a and S Sel elf-E -Esteem eem i in Adoles escen ents: S : Similarities es a across G Gen ender er, A , Age, W e, Wei eight S Status, R , Race/ e/ethnicity, a , and Socioec ecomonic S Status . J . Journa nal o l of A Adole lescent nt H Healt lth 2 h 2010. . Vo Vol 4 47. .

Body I Image a and E Eating D Disorders • Well e ll establi lishe hed li link nk • Strauma man e et a al, f l, found nd s self lf-d -discrepanc ncy f y forms ms a a s strong ng b basis for v vulne lnerabili lity t y to b body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd ma mala ladaptive eating ng b beha haviors. . Strauma man, T , Timo mothy J y J. S . Self lf-Di -Discrepanc ncies a and nd V Vulne lnerabili lity t y to B Body Di y Dissatisfaction a n and nd Di Disordered E Eating ng. J . Journa nal o l of P Persona nali lity a y and nd S Social P l Psycho holo logy. 1 . 1991. V . Vol. 6 l. 61, N , No. 6 . 6, , 946-9 -956. .

Body I Image a and E Eating D Disorders • St Stic ice p postula lates a a d dual mo l model o l of b buli limi mic p patho holo logy. . • Int Interna nali lization o n of p pressure t to b be t thi hin + n + t thi hin-i n-ideal l int nterna nali lization n � b body d y dissatisfaction n � d dieting ng a and nd ne negative a affect � b buli limi mic s sym ymptoma matolo logy. . • Even w n witho hout b body d y dissatisfaction, me n, merely p ly pressure t to b be thi hin c n can le n lead d directly t ly to ne negative a affect a and nd d dieting ng. . St Stic ice, E , Eric. . A P A Prospec ective T e Tes est o of t the D e Dual-P -Pathway M Model el o of B Bulimic P Pathology: M : Med ediating Effec ects o of D Dieting a and N Neg egative Af e Affec ect . J . Journa nal o l of A Abno norma mal P l Psycho holo logy. 2 . 2001. . Vo Vol 1 110. N . No. 1 . 1, , 124-1 -135. .

Body I Image a and D Depression • In a In a lo long ngitudina nal a l ana nalys lysis o of 1 1,124 H HS s student nts, S , Stice e et a al l found nd t tha hat b body d y dissatisfaction, d n, dietary r y restraint nt a and nd buli limi mic s sym ymptoms ms ( (but no not b body ma y mass) a all p ll predicted t the he la later d develo lopme ment nt o of d depression a n amo mong ng p participant nts i ini nitially lly cla lassified a as no non-d n-depressed. . • Conf nfli licting ng r research ma h may s y suggest t tha hat t the here i is a a f feedback k rela lations nshi hip b between ne n negative a affect a and nd b buli limi mic p patho holo logy y whe hereby t y the hey r y reinf nforce o one ne a ano nothe her. . Stice, E , E. e . et a al. l. Body Im Image a e and E Eating D Disturbances es P Pred edict O Onset o of D Dep epres ession Am Among Fem emale A e Adoles escen ents: A L : A Longitudinal S Study. . Journa nal o l of A Abno norma mal P l Psycho holo logy. 2 . 2000. V . Vol. l. 109. N . No. 3 . 3, 4 , 438-4 -444. .