Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C Comorbidity: The he i int nterpla lay o y of b body i y ima mage a and nd psychi hiatry Amy F y Funk nkens nstein, M n, MD De Definit initions ions Hild lda

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SLIDE 1

Body I Image, E Eating D Disorders a and Psychi hiatric C Comorbidity:

The he i int nterpla lay o y of b body i y ima mage a and nd psychi hiatry Amy F y Funk nkens nstein, M n, MD

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SLIDE 2

De Definit initions ions

  • Hild

lda B Bruch ( h (1962)-c

  • credited a

as f first t to i ident ntify b y body i y ima mage disturbanc nce a as i int ntricate p piece o

  • f p

patho holo logy o y of e eating ng disorders. .

  • Cash a

h and nd De Deagle le disting nguish b h between p n perceptual d l distortion n and nd a attitudina nal b l body i y ima mage. .

  • Both a

h appear d distorted i in w n wome men i n in E n ED. D.

Cash, T h, Tho homa mas F F, , De Deagle le, E , Edwin A n A. III. . III. The N e Nature a e and E Ext xten ent o

  • f B

Body-Im

  • Image D

e Disturbances es i in An Anorexi xia N Ner ervosa a and B Bulimia N Ner ervosa: A M : A Meta-An

  • Analysis. 1

1997

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Self-Discrepancy T The heory

  • Higgins

ns ( (1987)

  • “Magni

nitude o

  • f t

the he d disparity b y between s n self lf-p

  • perceived p

phys ysical attributes a and nd i int nterna nali lized i ideals ls i is c conc nceptually a lly and nd empirically r lly rela lated t to b body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd e eating ng disturbanc nces a amo mong ng b both c h cli lini nical a l and nd no nonc ncli lini nical s l sample les.”

Strauma man, T n, Timo mothy J y J e et a al.

  • l. Sel

elf-D

  • Discrep

epancies es a and V Vulner erability t to B Body D Dissatisfaction a and Disorder ered ed E

  • Eating. J

Journa nal o l of P Persona nali lity a y and nd S Social P l Psycho holo

  • logy. 1

. 1991. V . Vole

  • le. 6

. 61, N , No 6 6, , 946-9

  • 956.

.

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SLIDE 4

Epide Epidemiolog iology y

  • ½ o
  • f a

all t ll teena nage g girls ls a and nd 1 1/3 o

  • f t

teena nage b boys ys u use w weight ht cont ntrol b l beha haviors s such a h as s ski kipping ng me meals ls, f , fasting ng, s , smo moki king ng cigarettes, v , vomi miting ng a and nd t taki king ng la laxatives. .

  • 25% o
  • f c

colle llege-a

  • age w

wome men e n eng ngage i in b n bing ngeing ng a and nd p purging ng as a a w weight ht-ma

  • mana

nageme ment nt t techni hnique. .

  • 91% o
  • f w

wome men s n surveyed o

  • n a

n a c colle llege c campus ha had attempted t to c cont ntrol t l the heir w weight ht t thr hrough d h dieting

  • ng. 2

. 22% di dieted ed “of

  • ften

en” o

  • r “alw

lways ys.”

www.a .ana nad.o .org N Nationa nal A l Association o n of a ano norexia ne nervosa a and nd a associated d disorders

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SLIDE 5

Epide Epidemiolog iology y

(continued)

  • 47% o
  • f 5

5th

th –

– 1 12th

th g

grade g girls ls r reported w want nting ng t to lo lose w weight ht because o

  • f ma

magazine ne p pictures. .

  • 69% o
  • f 5

5th

th –

– 1 12th

th g

grade g girls ls s said t tha hat ma magazine ne p pictures inf nflu luenc nced t the heir i idea o

  • f a

a p perfect b body s y sha hape. .

  • 42% o
  • f 1

1st

st –

– 3 3rd

rd g

grade g girls ls w want nted t to b be t thi hinne nner. .

  • 81% o
  • f 1

10 y year-o

  • old

lds a are a afraid o

  • f b

being ng f fat. .

www.a .ana nad.o .org N Nationa nal a l association o n of a ano norexia ne nervosa a and nd a associated d disorders. .

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SLIDE 6

Body I Image a and R Race/E /Ethn hnicity/C /Culture

  • In a

In a s study c y comple leted b by v y van d n den B n Berg e et a al, t l, the hey e y exami mine ned 4,7 ,746 a adole lescent nts 1 11 – – 1 18 y y.o .o a and nd e exami mine ned t the he rela lations nshi hip b between b n body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e

  • esteem.

m.

  • All g

ll groups ha have s some me r rela lations nshi hip b between b n body i y ima mage a and nd self lf-e

  • esteem.

m.

  • However, A

, AAF ha have hi highe her r rates o

  • f s

self lf-e

  • esteem a

m and nd lo lower body d y dissatisfaction t n tha han o n othe her r racial/ l/ethni hnic g

  • groups. A

. AAF als lso ha had a a w weaker a association b n between b n body i y ima mage a and nd self lf-e

  • esteem.

m.

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SLIDE 7

Body I Image a and R Race/E /Ethn hnicity/C /Culture

  • Asian w

n wome men a n als lso a appear t to ha have a a w weaker r rela lations nshi hip between b n body s y satisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e

  • esteem c

m compared t to whi hite g girls ls b but o

  • verall ha

ll had lo lower s self lf-e

  • esteem a

m and nd hi highe her body d y dissatisfaction t n tha han ma n many o y othe her r racial/ l/ethni hnic g groups. .

Van d n den B n Berg, P , Patricia A

  • A. e

. et a al.

  • l. The L

e Link B Between een B Body D Dissatisfaction a and S Sel elf-E

  • Esteem

eem i in Adoles escen ents: S : Similarities es a across G Gen ender er, A , Age, W e, Wei eight S Status, R , Race/ e/ethnicity, a , and Socioec ecomonic S

  • Status. J

. Journa nal o l of A Adole lescent nt H Healt lth 2 h 2010. . Vo Vol 4 47. .

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SLIDE 8

Socioeconomic S Status

  • Highe

her S SES p predicts g greater a association b n between b n body y satisfaction a n and nd s self lf-e

  • esteem.

m.

  • Compared t

to w whi hite, u , upper S SES f fema male les, A , Asian a n and nd lo lower SES f fema male les ha have lo lower s self lf-e

  • esteem s

m scores a and nd hi highe her b body dissatisfaction s n scores b but t the he asso associat ciatio ion b between t n the he t two is w weaker. .

Van d n den B n Berg, P , Patricia A

  • A. e

. et a al.

  • l. The L

e Link B Between een B Body D Dissatisfaction a and S Sel elf-E

  • Esteem

eem i in Adoles escen ents: S : Similarities es a across G Gen ender er, A , Age, W e, Wei eight S Status, R , Race/ e/ethnicity, a , and Socioec ecomonic S

  • Status. J

. Journa nal o l of A Adole lescent nt H Healt lth 2 h 2010. . Vo Vol 4 47. .

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SLIDE 9

Body I Image a and E Eating D Disorders

  • Well e

ll establi lishe hed li link nk

  • Strauma

man e et a al, f l, found nd s self lf-d

  • discrepanc

ncy f y forms ms a a s strong ng b basis for v vulne lnerabili lity t y to b body d y dissatisfaction a n and nd ma mala ladaptive eating ng b beha haviors. .

Strauma man, T , Timo mothy J y J. S . Self lf-Di

  • Discrepanc

ncies a and nd V Vulne lnerabili lity t y to B Body Di y Dissatisfaction a n and nd Di Disordered E Eating

  • ng. J

. Journa nal o l of P Persona nali lity a y and nd S Social P l Psycho holo

  • logy. 1

. 1991. V . Vol. 6

  • l. 61, N

, No. 6 . 6, , 946-9

  • 956.

.

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SLIDE 10

Body I Image a and E Eating D Disorders

  • St

Stic ice p postula lates a a d dual mo l model o l of b buli limi mic p patho holo logy. .

  • Int

Interna nali lization o n of p pressure t to b be t thi hin + n + t thi hin-i n-ideal l int nterna nali lization n b body d y dissatisfaction n d dieting ng a and nd ne negative a affect b buli limi mic s sym ymptoma matolo logy. .

  • Even w

n witho hout b body d y dissatisfaction, me n, merely p ly pressure t to b be thi hin c n can le n lead d directly t ly to ne negative a affect a and nd d dieting ng. .

St Stic ice, E , Eric. . A P A Prospec ective T e Tes est o

  • f t

the D e Dual-P

  • Pathway M

Model el o

  • f B

Bulimic P Pathology: M : Med ediating Effec ects o

  • f D

Dieting a and N Neg egative Af e Affec

  • ect. J

. Journa nal o l of A Abno norma mal P l Psycho holo

  • logy. 2

. 2001. . Vo Vol 1

  • 110. N

. No. 1 . 1, , 124-1

  • 135.

.

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SLIDE 11

Body I Image a and D Depression

  • In a

In a lo long ngitudina nal a l ana nalys lysis o

  • f 1

1,124 H HS s student nts, S , Stice e et a al l found nd t tha hat b body d y dissatisfaction, d n, dietary r y restraint nt a and nd buli limi mic s sym ymptoms ms ( (but no not b body ma y mass) a all p ll predicted t the he la later d develo lopme ment nt o

  • f d

depression a n amo mong ng p participant nts i ini nitially lly cla lassified a as no non-d n-depressed. .

  • Conf

nfli licting ng r research ma h may s y suggest t tha hat t the here i is a a f feedback k rela lations nshi hip b between ne n negative a affect a and nd b buli limi mic p patho holo logy y whe hereby t y the hey r y reinf nforce o

  • ne

ne a ano nothe her. .

Stice, E , E. e . et a al.

  • l. Body Im

Image a e and E Eating D Disturbances es P Pred edict O Onset o

  • f D

Dep epres ession Am Among Fem emale A e Adoles escen ents: A L : A Longitudinal S Study. . Journa nal o l of A Abno norma mal P l Psycho holo

  • logy. 2

. 2000. V . Vol. l.

  • 109. N

. No. 3 . 3, 4 , 438-4

  • 444.

.

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SLIDE 12

Body I Image a and D Depression

  • Nole

les e et a al f l follo llowed 2 224 c colle llege me men a n and nd w wome men w n who ho und nderwent nt a affective a and nd c cogni nitive me measures. .

  • De

Depressed i ind ndividuals ls: le : less s satisfied w with t h the heir b bodies. .

  • Felt

lt t the hey w y were le less p phys ysically a lly attractive a as c compared t to no non- n- depressed s subje jects. .

  • Gr

Groups w were r rated a as e equally a lly attractive b by i y ind ndepend ndent nt viewers. .

  • Int

Interesting ngly ly, no , non-d n-depressed s subje jects w were f found nd t to

  • verestima

mate t the heir a attractivene ness. .

Nole les, S , Steven W n W. e . et a al.

  • l. Body Im

Image, P e, Physical A Attractiven enes ess, a , and D Dep epres ession. . Journa nal o l of c cons nsult lting ng a and nd Cli lini nical P l Psycho holo

  • logy. 1

. 1985. V . Vol. 5

  • l. 53, N

, No. 1 . 1, 8 , 88-9

  • 94.

.

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SLIDE 13

Body I Image a and S Substance U Use

  • Survey 6

y 646 t tent nth g h grade f fema male les i in N n Northe hern, C n, CA. .

  • Amo

mong ng t the he 1 10.3 .3% w who ho me met c criteria f for b buli limi mia a and nd 1 10.4 .4% who ho r reported p purging ng b beha haviors f for w weight ht c cont ntrol, a l, all ll reported hi highe her r rates o

  • f d

drunk nkenne nness, M , MJ u use, c , cigarette u use and nd g greater le levels ls o

  • f d

depressive s sym ymptoms ms. .

Kille llen, J n, Joel D. e l D. et a al.

  • l. Dep

epres essive S e Symptoms a and S Sub s stance U e Use a e among A Adoles escen ent B Binge e Eater ers a and Purger ers: A D : A Def efined ed P Population S

  • Study. A

Ame merican J n Journa nal o l of P Publi lic H Healt

  • lth. 1
  • h. 1987. V

. Vol. l. 77, N , No. 1 . 12. .

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SLIDE 14

Opportunities f for I Intervention

  • Body i

y ima mage c can b n be u used a as a a s screeni ning ng t tool f l for d depression/ n/ eating ng d disorders. .

  • Study t

y the he c cult ltural a l attitudes o

  • f e

ethni hnic/racial g l groups w who ho ha have s successfully u lly unc ncouple led b body i y ima mage f from s m self lf-e

  • esteem.

m.

  • Inc

Increase a awarene ness