Bit of Administration . Bit of Administration . Reading - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
bit of administration bit of administration
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Bit of Administration . Bit of Administration . Reading - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 03, 2023 178 likes •494 views

Bit of Administration . Bit of Administration . Reading Reading BSNV Chaps. 9 and 15 BSNV Chaps. 9 and 15 No Mathieu office hours today (Monday)! No Mathieu office hours today (Monday)! Additional

slide-1
SLIDE 1
slide-2
SLIDE 2

Bit of Administration …. Bit of Administration ….

  • Reading

Reading – – BSNV Chaps. 9 and 15 BSNV Chaps. 9 and 15

  • No Mathieu office hours today (Monday)!

No Mathieu office hours today (Monday)!

  • Additional observations for Lab 2, through April 5

Additional observations for Lab 2, through April 5

– – Due April 7 in lecture or April 9 at Mathieu office Due April 7 in lecture or April 9 at Mathieu office

  • 12

12-

  • week exam in two weeks

week exam in two weeks -

  • April 12, 7:15 pm

April 12, 7:15 pm

– – Review session, Sunday, April 11, 6:30 pm Review session, Sunday, April 11, 6:30 pm

slide-3
SLIDE 3

The Solar System The Solar System

  • A Sense of Scale

A Sense of Scale

Around Earth Distance to Moon = 0.1= Around Europe Distance to North America

slide-4
SLIDE 4

The Solar System The Solar System

  • A Sense of Scale

A Sense of Scale

slide-5
SLIDE 5

The Solar System The Solar System

  • A Sense of Scale

A Sense of Scale

slide-6
SLIDE 6
slide-7
SLIDE 7

The Solar System The Solar System

  • Inventory

Inventory

  • Sun

Sun 99.85% by mass 99.85% by mass

  • Planets 0.1 % by mass

Planets 0.1 % by mass

  • Satellites and Rings

Satellites and Rings

  • Asteroids

Asteroids

  • Comets

Comets

  • Meteroids

Meteroids

  • Dust

Dust

  • Solar Wind (ionized gas)

Solar Wind (ionized gas)

slide-8
SLIDE 8

The Solar System The Solar System

  • Inventory

Inventory -

  • “

“Sedna Sedna” ”

slide-9
SLIDE 9

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of

General Characteristics of Major Major Planets Planets -

  • Dynamical

Dynamical

  • Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

slide-10
SLIDE 10

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of Major Planets

General Characteristics of Major Planets -

  • Dynamical

Dynamical

  • Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

  • All orbit within 10

All orbit within 10o

  • of Earth’s orbital plane
  • f Earth’s orbital plane
slide-11
SLIDE 11

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of Major Planets

General Characteristics of Major Planets -

  • Dynamical

Dynamical

  • Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

Nearly circular orbits (Mercury and Mars most eccentric)

  • All orbit within 10

All orbit within 10o

  • of Earth’s orbital plane
  • f Earth’s orbital plane
  • All revolve in the same direction

All revolve in the same direction

  • All rotate in the same direction (except Venus)

All rotate in the same direction (except Venus)

slide-12
SLIDE 12

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of Major Planets

General Characteristics of Major Planets -

  • Radius

Radius

slide-13
SLIDE 13

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of Major Planets

General Characteristics of Major Planets -

  • Age

Age

  • Earth

Earth -

  • Oldest rocks 3.9 billion yr (4.5 billion yr inferred)

Oldest rocks 3.9 billion yr (4.5 billion yr inferred)

  • Moon

Moon -

  • 4.5 billion yr

4.5 billion yr

  • Meteorites

Meteorites -

  • 4.6 billion yr

4.6 billion yr

  • Sun

Sun -

  • 4.6 billion (theoretical)

4.6 billion (theoretical)

  • Universe

Universe -

  • 12 billion yr

12 billion yr

slide-14
SLIDE 14

The Solar System The Solar System

  • General Characteristics of Major Planets

General Characteristics of Major Planets -

  • Physical Properties

Physical Properties

Terrestrial Terrestrial Location Inner Location Inner Size Small (10 Size Small (104

4 km)

km) Mass 0.1 Mass 0.1 -

  • 1.0

1.0 M MEarth

Earth

Density 5 gm cm Density 5 gm cm-

  • 3

3

Appearance Rock with craters, Appearance Rock with craters, volcanos volcanos Composition Heavy elements Composition Heavy elements 7 Giant Satellites 7 Giant Satellites Outer Outer Small (4000 km) Small (4000 km) 0.01 0.01 M MEarth

Earth

2 2-

  • 3 gm cm

3 gm cm-

  • 3

3

Rock, ice with craters, Rock, ice with craters, volcanos volcanos Heavy elements, ices Heavy elements, ices Jovian Jovian Outer Outer Large (10 Large (105

5 km)

km) 15 15 -

  • 300

300 M MEarth

Earth

1 gm cm 1 gm cm-

  • 3

3

Gaseous, with Gaseous, with rock cores rock cores Hydrogen, helium Hydrogen, helium

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Nepture

Notes: Notes: 1) 1) Densities: Rock = 3 gm cm Densities: Rock = 3 gm cm-

  • 3

3, Water = 1 gm cm

, Water = 1 gm cm-

  • 3

3

2) 2) Composition of Sun and Universe by numbers of atoms: Composition of Sun and Universe by numbers of atoms: 94% H, 6% He, 2% all else 94% H, 6% He, 2% all else

Io Europa Ganymede Callisto

slide-15
SLIDE 15

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

slide-16
SLIDE 16

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Interstellar Clouds

Interstellar Clouds

By By Mass Mass

  • 73% Molecular Hydrogen

73% Molecular Hydrogen

  • 25%Atomic Helium

25%Atomic Helium

  • 2% Dust (Metals)

2% Dust (Metals)

slide-17
SLIDE 17

ConcepTest ConcepTest! !

The Taurus clouds are thought to be rather cold, with The Taurus clouds are thought to be rather cold, with temperatures of perhaps 30 K. If you wanted to test this temperatures of perhaps 30 K. If you wanted to test this hypothesis by looking for light hypothesis by looking for light emitted emitted by the Taurus clouds, in by the Taurus clouds, in what wavelength would you want to observe? what wavelength would you want to observe? A) X A) X-

  • ray

ray B) Ultraviolet B) Ultraviolet C) Optical C) Optical D) Infrared D) Infrared E) Radio E) Radio

slide-18
SLIDE 18

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Dense Molecular Cores

Dense Molecular Cores (“ (“Bok Bok Globules”) Globules”)

  • ≈ 1 M

≈ 1 Mo

  • ≈ 50,000 AU

≈ 50,000 AU

  • ≈ 10

≈ 10 o

  • K

K

slide-19
SLIDE 19

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

slide-20
SLIDE 20
slide-21
SLIDE 21

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Protoplanetary

Protoplanetary Disks Disks

  • ≈ 0.01 M

≈ 0.01 Mo

  • ≈ 100 AU

≈ 100 AU

  • ≈ 3000

≈ 3000 -

  • > 10

> 10 o

  • K

K

slide-22
SLIDE 22

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

slide-23
SLIDE 23

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Condensation Sequence

Condensation Sequence

  • Condensation Temperature

Condensation Temperature Temperature at which Solid Gas Temperature at which Solid Gas

T > 50 T > 50 o

  • K

K T > 200 T > 200 o

  • K

K T > 1000 T > 1000 o

  • K

K Hydrogen (H) Hydrogen (H) Helium (He) Helium (He) H H2

20, Methane (CH

0, Methane (CH4

4)

) CO CO2

2, Ammonia (NH

, Ammonia (NH3

3)

) Iron (Fe), Silicon ( Iron (Fe), Silicon (Si Si) ) Metal Compounds Metal Compounds Gas Gas Gas Ice Gas Gas Rock Rock Gas

slide-24
SLIDE 24

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Condensation Sequence

Condensation Sequence

1000 K 200 K

Rock Grains Rock, Ice Grains No Grains

M M J E V

slide-25
SLIDE 25

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

slide-26
SLIDE 26

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Grain

Grain Collisions Collisions ==> ==> Planetesimals Planetesimals (100 km) (100 km) random random 100 km 100 km

slide-27
SLIDE 27

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Planetesimal

Planetesimal Accretion Accretion ==> ==> Rocky Planets and Rocky Planets and Jovian Jovian Cores Cores gravity gravity

slide-28
SLIDE 28

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Gas

Gas Accumulation Accumulation ==> ==> H and He onto H and He onto Jovian Jovian Cores Cores gravity gravity Protomoons Protomoons

slide-29
SLIDE 29

ConcepTest ConcepTest! !

Most comets have orbits that take them well beyond Jupiter. You Most comets have orbits that take them well beyond Jupiter. You would expect their composition to be: would expect their composition to be: A) Rocks and heavy elements only A) Rocks and heavy elements only B) Rocks and ices only B) Rocks and ices only C) Rocks, ices, and hydrogen and helium C) Rocks, ices, and hydrogen and helium

slide-30
SLIDE 30

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

slide-31
SLIDE 31

The Formation of the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System

  • Dispersal of Hydrogen and Helium Gas

Dispersal of Hydrogen and Helium Gas

  • Solar Wind?

Solar Wind?

  • Jets?

Jets?