Bioremediation of Surface Water in Wadi Hanifah
Historical Background • Wadi Hanifah is the most significant natural landmark in the region. • The Wadi extends 120 km from the northwest to the southeast of Riyadh. • 4500 square km catchment basin. • 60% of the developed area in city inside it catchment. • Wadi Hanifah is the main drainage for the city .
Historical Background: cont’d • The Wadi Hanifah was a source of water to surrounding communities for centuries • In the past there was a balance between the Wadi resources and human needs
Protection of the Wadi • In 1987 the High Commission directed the Arriyadh Development Authority (ADA) to acquire the wadi as a protected area under the management of the ADA development programs which take many actions to stop the deterioration
Action taken by ADA • Strategy for Wadi Hanifah in 1994 . • Stop all sources of pollution • Stop industrial activities along the Wadi Hanifah • Stop mining activities • Define floodplain boundaries • Limit the placement of utilities • Monitor the wadi environment
Action taken by ADA • Planning for the Future: In2003 ADA Finalized and approved the Wadi Hanifah Comprehensive Development Plan (WHCDP)
WHCDP: Objectives • Protection and preservation of the Wadi Hanifah valley • Rehabilitation of floodplain and drainage basin • Maintain and preserve historical and heritage sites • Create a sustainable balance between the Wadi ecosystem and the City’s needs • Improve the quality of life • Use of Wadi as an open space for the City
Wadi Hanifah Restoration Project: objective • The Wadi Hanifah Restoration Riyadh project is the foundation on which it will build the rest of the future development programs, such as recycling water use, development of the agricultural economy and the development of open space in the Wadi. Future Generations
Wadi Hanifah Restoration Project: Main components • Cleaning of Wadi bed of all dumping • Improve flood performance of the channel by re-profiling and re-grading • Channelization of water • Cleaning the surface water (Bioremediation) • Improving the Wadi road network • Naturalization of Wadi bed • Wadi parks
Water Resource In Wadi Hanifah: Total : 436000m3 • NDC 33000 • Umm Qasser 5000 • Gudhwanah 6000 • Sultanah 4500 • Swaidi 6000 • Wship 7000 • Namar 9000 • AlShafa 4500 • AlBatha 370000
Water Quality Background: • Groundwater flows entering Wadi Hanifah have high nutrient and coliform bacteria concentrations. • Vigorous bio-assimilation through a complex food web would result in substantially cleaner water over the length of the flow channel . • Therefore nutrient assimilation and coliform die-off is the goal of bioremediation.
Bioremediation: Objectives • Reduction of Fecal and Total Coliform Level • Prevention of cumulative negative impact of nutrients loads through the wadi • Elimination of bad odors of water • Establishment of aquatic ecosystem
Bioremediation: Approach • Dry weather flow channel ( DWFC ). • Bioremediation system
Wadi Channel: DWFC • Stone-lined trapezoidal channels, providing habitat and sustenance for benthic invertebrates and consumer species living among the rocks
Wadi Channel: Step Weirs and Pools • Developed every 500 meters to improve oxygenation and provide both habitat and food for fish. • Harvesting fish removes nutrients bio-accumulated through the enhanced food web.
Bioremediation System
Bioremediation Process: • This naturally occurring process can be augmented in wastewater systems through the establishment of an ecologically efficient food web consisting of not only primary producers (algae and higher plants) but also consumer organisms (fish, birds, insects, etc).
Bioremediation Facility: Main Components • Physical Components : different section of facility such as inlet pools, biocells and outlet pools. • Mechanical Components : aeration system, fountain system and APBS. • Biological Components : Fishes, invertebrates, microbes and birds.
Physical Components: Bioremediation Facility Overview Training Outlet POOL wall Gate Biocell Group 3 Biocell Biocell HEAD Group 2 Group 1 POOL
Physical Components : Group 1 • Inlet Pool • 1 Inlet Channel • 20 Bio-cells • 2 Outlet Channels
Physical Components: Group 2 • 1 Inlet channel • 34 Bio-cells • 2 Outlet Channels
Physical Components : Group 3 • 2 Inlet Channels • 80 Bio-cells • 3 Outlet Channels Outlet POOL • Outlet Pool
A Gate A
Section A-A: Central Biocell Inlet Outlet Riffle Marsh Head Channel Channel Zone Channel Pool A A
Bioremediation Process: Bio-cells components • Biocell Head Pool • Central Marsh Channel • Riffle Zone Biocell Head Pool Central Marsh Channel Riffle Zone
Bioremediation Process: Inlet channel Pump air in the inlet channel to : • Provide dissolved oxygen (DO) for living organisms - Organisms consume and convert organic material in the water column (carbon and nitrogen). • Kill pathogenic bacteria (fecal coliform) with high dissolved oxygen levels.
Bioremediation Process: Inlet channel • Provide optimum habitat for fish. • Provide aggressive mixing to limit toxic blue green algae. • Provide aggressive mixing to achieve complete mix conditions in influent channels – improve reaction kinetics.
Bioremediation Process: Bio-cell Head Pool • Provides habitat for complex food web. • Contains installed APBS to maximize nutrient assimilation into community and small fish feeding.
Bioremediation Process: Central Marsh Channel • Provides additional aquatic and benthic habitat. • Creates habitat for predators, such as herons and kingfishers that feed on small fish, invertebrates and plants. • Is planted with shrubs that also act as effective phytoremediators. • De-nitrification in the bottom parts
Bioremediation Process: Riffle Zone • Provides water mixing, oxygenation and small organism habitat. • De-nitrification in the bottom parts
Bioremediation Process: Outflow Channels • After passing through the biocells water collects in either of two side collector channels which then converge on a new group of biocells.
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS: • AERATION SYSTEM • FOUNTAIN SYSTEM • ARTIFICIAL PERIPHYTON BENTHIC SUBSTRATE (APBS)
BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS • MICROBES • FISHES • INVERTEBRATES • BIRDS • VEGETATIONS
BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEM MONITERING • Water Flow • Water quality • Sedimentation Rate • Aquatic Ecosystem Establishment ( fish, invertebrates, birds and vegetations
Monthly Flow at the influent of the facility
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
MONTHLY AVERAGE LEVEL AT INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF BIOREMEDIATION FACILITY
BIOREMEDIATION PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY
CONCLUSION: • The facility is performing well in level reduction of important parameters such as : Suspended Solids, Organics (BOD), Ammonia-N, TKN, Total Phosphorous and Fecal Coliform . • The facility is successful in nutrients assimilation into higher level of food chain (migratory birds) with its established biodiversity. • The system is functioning with out odour in the water at the effluent. • The facility has created an aesthetic landmark in the center of highly urbanized city of Riyadh
THE END
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