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Biogeography Guest lecturer: Dr. Ana irovi (asirovic@ucsd.edu) SIO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Biogeography Guest lecturer: Dr. Ana irovi (asirovic@ucsd.edu) SIO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Biogeography Guest lecturer: Dr. Ana irovi (asirovic@ucsd.edu) SIO 133: Marine Mammal Biology Is the ocean homogenous? Tagging of Pacific predators (TOPP) Yellow: females Northern elephant Red: males seal distribution: Pupping on
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Tagging of Pacific predators (TOPP)
Yellow: females Red: males
- Northern elephant
seal distribution:
– Pupping on beaches – Foraging in open
- cean
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Biogeography
- Determined by:
– Ecology: food availability, temperature – Evolutionary biology: historical range
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Ocean zones
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Seasonal variability of ocean zones
- Temperate region
– Wind important factor
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Seasonal variability: coastal upwellings
- California Current
system
Bailey et al. 2010 Blue whale tracks
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Seasonal variability: coastal upwellings
- California Current
system
Bailey et al. 2010 Block et al. 2011 Blue whale tracks
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Seasonal variability: polar region
- Light important
– Productivity high in summer
- Seasonal presence common
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Prey aggregation
- Affected by oceanographic features: fronts,
eddies, ocean bottom
From Tynan et al. 1998 Blue whale catches Krill concentration
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Species distribution
- Cosmopolitan species
– E.g. Killer whales (Orcinus orca)
From Hoelzel 2002
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Blue whale stocks
From McDonald et al. 2006
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Species distribution
- Anti-tropical distribution
– E.g.: Long-finned plot whales (Globicephala melas)
From Hoelzel 2002
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Anti-tropical distribution
From Hoelzel 2002
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Species distribution
- Pan-tropical species
– E.g. Spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris)
From Hoelzel 2002
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Species distribution
- Circumpolar species
– E.g. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)
From Hoelzel 2002
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Species distribution
- Endemic species
– E.g. River dolphins
From Hoelzel 2002
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Migratory species
- Prey driven: Most rorquals
- Ice driven: polar species –
e.g. beluga, narwhal, bowhead
Block et al. 2011
Month of year
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Temperature-defined distribution
- E.g. Short and
long-finned pilot whales
Source: Duke University, OBIS-SEAMAP
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Gender-variable distribution
- E.g. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)
Source: whaletrackers.com
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Coastal species
- E.g. Porpoises
From Hoelzel 2002
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Plate tectonics & early records
From Berta et al. 2006 1 – early cetaceans 2 – early sirenians
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Evolutionary biogeography: cetaceans
Geologic events | Marine mammal events | Location From Berta et al. 2006 Tethys Southern hemisphere
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N Pac. Arctic N Atl.
Evolutionary biogeography: pinnipeds
Geologic events | Marine mammal events | Location From Berta et al. 2006 Walrus | Sea lion | Phocid N Pac. equator S Pac. N Pac.
- Pan. seaway
N Atl.
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Origins of anti-tropical distribution?
From Hoelzel 2002 Globicephala melas