Biofiltration !! !! Biofiltration E valuation of Trickle-Bed Air - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biofiltration !! !! Biofiltration E valuation of Trickle-Bed Air - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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E valuation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions 97 th th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of AWMA Annual Meeting and Exhibition of AWMA 97 Indianapolis, Indiana,

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SLIDE 1

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions 97 97th

th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of AWMA

Annual Meeting and Exhibition of AWMA Indianapolis, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 24, 2004 June 24, 2004 Daekeun Daekeun Kim Kim Zhangli Zhangli Cai Cai George A. George A. Sorial Sorial Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati University of Cincinnati

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SLIDE 2

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Background Background Paint Booth Emission

  • Intermittent operation
  • Variable and unsteady VOC loading
  • Complex mixtures of VOC

Hydrophobic / Hydrophilic compounds, or Biodegradable / Recalcitrant compounds

Source: http://www.eastwayrefurb.com Source: http://www.aecon.net/Siko.html

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SLIDE 3

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Background Background Paint Booth VOC Control Technology

  • Requirement

Environmental friendly Economical viable Consistent high performance

Biofiltration Biofiltration !! !!

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SLIDE 4

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Background Background Biofiltration

: Typical biological air treatment process

  • VOCs are removed through a biologically

active media

  • Natural organic media (soil, compost)

→ easily exhaust nutrient & buffer capacity → long term operation is impractical Clean air VOC

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SLIDE 5

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Background Background Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter (TBAB) : identical process to the biofilter

  • Nutrient and pH control
  • Synthetic & inorganic media

→ Optimizing the contaminant utilizing kinetics for microorganisms → Long term, high removal performance Clean air Nutrient VOC

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SLIDE 6

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions To investigate the performance of a TBAB under periodic stressed operating conditions (backwashing & non-use periods) as a function of Paint booth VOC loading.

  • Removal characteristics of VOC in TBAB
  • Comparison of TBAB performance
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SLIDE 7

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Target VOCs Hydrophobic compounds Hydrophilic compounds Toluene Styrene

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)

K’H 0.280 0.109 0.00194 0.00062 Log Kow 2.58 3.16 0.28 1.09

K’H = dimensionless Henry’s law constant, Kow = Octanol-water partition coefficient

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SLIDE 8

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Reactor : Independent lab-scale TBAB Media: pelletized biological support media

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SLIDE 9

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Effluent Water

Air N2 + O2

VOCs Particulates Water CO2

S S S S S S S Sampling Location VOCs

Effluent Air

7 3 1 4 2 5 6 8

  • 1. Electronic Air Cleaner
  • 2. Mass Flow Controller
  • 3. Syringe Pump
  • 4. Nutrient Feed Control System
  • 5. Nutrient Feed Tank
  • 6. Spray Nozzle
  • 7. Trickle Bed Biofilter
  • 8. Pelletized Media
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SLIDE 10

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Stressed operating conditions

  • Backwashing
  • Non-use periods

Starvation Stagnant

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SLIDE 11

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Backwashing

  • Biomass control for long-term high removal performance
  • Periodic in-situ upflow fluidization
  • Using nutrient solution
  • Frequency: 1 hour per week
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SLIDE 12

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Backwashing

Normal Packing Height + 50 % Fluidized Height Nutrient Solution

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SLIDE 13

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods Experimental Methods

Backwashing

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SLIDE 14

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Experimental Methods

Non-use period

  • Simulation of intermittent operation

(shut down for weekend and holiday, or for repair) Starvation: no VOC loading, Only pure air with nutrient passing through the biofilter Stagnant: no flows (VOC, nutrient, air)

  • Frequency: 2 days shut down / week
  • without backwashing as biomass control
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SLIDE 15

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results

  • Removal capacity for single VOC
  • Removal reaction kinetics for single VOC
  • Biofilter response after stressed operating conditions
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SLIDE 16

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results: Removal capacity

Aromatic compounds Toluene

  • Critical loading

3.5 kg COD/m3·day

  • Maximum removal capacity

6.0 kg COD/m3·day

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 Toluene 99% Removal

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SLIDE 17

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results: Removal capacity

Aromatic compounds Styrene

  • Critical loading

1.9 kg COD/m3·day

  • Maximum removal capacity

2.7 kg COD/m3·day

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 Styrene Toluene 99% Removal

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SLIDE 18

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results: Removal capacity

Oxygenated compounds MEK

  • Critical loading

5.6 kg COD/m3·day

  • Maximum removal capacity

5.9 kg COD/m3·day

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 MEK Toluene Styrene 99% Removal

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SLIDE 19

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results: Removal capacity

Oxygenated compounds MIBK

  • Critical loading

4.3 kg COD/m3·day

  • Maximum removal capacity

4.9 kg COD/m3·day

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 MIBK Toluene Styrene MEK 99% Removal

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SLIDE 20

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results: Critical loading vs. Kow

Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient)

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Critical loading, kg COD/m3day

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Toluene MIBK MEK Styrene

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SLIDE 21

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results

Kinetic analysis

  • Removal performance as a function of bed depth

backwashing starvation stagnant

  • First-order removal rates (at different loading)
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SLIDE 22

VOC loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, sec-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

MEK MIBK MIBK

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, sec-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

Toluene Styrene

2 4 6 8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

VOC loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

Results: Removal rates

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SLIDE 23

VOC loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, sec-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

MEK MIBK MIBK

2 4 6 8

Removal rate, sec-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

Toluene Styrene

2 4 6 8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

VOC loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

Results: Removal rates

3.5 1.9 5.6 4.3

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SLIDE 24

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Results

Biofilter response after non-use periods

  • Reacclimation period to reach the 99 % removal
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SLIDE 25

Results: Reacclimation periods

300 600 900 1 2 3 4 5

Reacclimation period, min

300 600 900 2 4 6 8

MIBK Toluene Styrene

300 600 900

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

1 2 3 4 5 Backwashing Starvation Stagnant

Toluene

Reacclimation period, min

300 600 900

Loading rate, kg COD/m3day

2 4 6 8

MEK

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SLIDE 26

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Conclusions

  • 1. Single paint booth VOCs were controlled very efficiently by TBAB

with critical loading (kg COD/m3·day) to attain 99 % removal. Toluene: 3.5 Styrene: 1.9 MEK: 5.5 MIBK: 4.3

  • 2. Removal capacity for VOC was a function of Kow (Octanol-water

partition coefficient)

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SLIDE 27

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Conclusions

  • 3. Up to critical loading rate, non-use periods can be considered as

another means of biomass control

  • 4. Reaction rates decreased as loading rate was increased
  • 5. Biofilter response after stressed operating conditions was strongly

dependant on the active biomass in the bed

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SLIDE 28

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions

Acknowdgements

  • National Science Foundation
  • Dr. George A. Sorial
  • Environmental Chemistry Lab,

University of Cincinnati

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SLIDE 29

Evaluation of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter Performance

for Removal of Paint Booth VOCs under Stressed Operating Conditions