SLIDE 1
Binary evolution and supernova kicks
Mathieu Renzo
The most common binary evolution path
2
see outreach movie at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmfJNI0PXbo
Binary evolution and supernova kicks Mathieu Renzo The most common - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Binary evolution and supernova kicks Mathieu Renzo The most common - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Binary evolution and supernova kicks Mathieu Renzo The most common binary evolution path 2 see outreach movie at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmfJNI0PXbo The most common binary evolution path 2 see outreach movie at
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
The most common binary evolution path
2
see outreach movie at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmfJNI0PXbo
SLIDE 4
The most common binary evolution path
2
see outreach movie at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmfJNI0PXbo
SLIDE 5
The most common binary evolution path
2
see outreach movie at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmfJNI0PXbo
SLIDE 6
How common is “common”?
3
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 7
What exactly disrupts the binary?
4
Ejecta impact
(Tauris & Takens 98, Liu et al. 15)
Loss of SN ejecta
(Blaauw ’61)
86+11
−22% of massive binaries are disrupted
Renzo et al. 19b, Kochanek et al. 19, Eldridge et al. 11, De Donder et al. 97
SLIDE 8
What exactly disrupts the binary?
4
SN Natal kick
(Shklovskii 70, Katz 75, Janka 13, 17)
Ejecta impact
(Tauris & Takens 98, Liu et al. 15)
Loss of SN ejecta
(Blaauw ’61)
86+11
−22% of massive binaries are disrupted
Renzo et al. 19b, Kochanek et al. 19, Eldridge et al. 11, De Donder et al. 97
SLIDE 9
Kicks do not change companion velocity
5
SN Natal kick
(Shklovskii 70, Katz 75, Janka 13, 17)
vdis ≃ vorb
2
before the SN
86+11
−22% of massive binaries are disrupted
Renzo et al. 19b, Kochanek et al. 19, Eldridge et al. 11, De Donder et al. 97
SLIDE 10
BH kicks from the mass of runaways
SLIDE 11
A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia
6
0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 Probability×105 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mdis [M⊙] 0.0 1.0
Mass # stars
Massive runaways mass function (v ≥ 30 km s−1, M ≥ 7.5 M⊙)
Renzo et al. 19b Numerical results publicly available at:: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 12
A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia
6
0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 Probability×105 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mdis [M⊙] 0.0 1.0
BH momentum kick (σkick = 265 km s−1, fiducial)
Mass # stars
Massive runaways mass function (v ≥ 30 km s−1, M ≥ 7.5 M⊙)
Renzo et al. 19b Numerical results publicly available at:: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 13
A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia
6
0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 Probability×105
BH: σkick = 100 km s−1 NS: σkick = 265 km s−1 (no fallback for BH)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mdis [M⊙] 0.0 1.0
BH momentum kick (σkick = 265 km s−1, fiducial)
Mass # stars
Massive runaways mass function (v ≥ 30 km s−1, M ≥ 7.5 M⊙)
Renzo et al. 19b Numerical results publicly available at:: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 14
A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia
6
0.0 1.0
BH kick=NS kick (σkick = 265 km s−1) (no fallback)
0.0 1.0 Probability×105
BH: σkick = 100 km s−1 NS: σkick = 265 km s−1 (no fallback for BH)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mdis [M⊙] 0.0 1.0
BH momentum kick (σkick = 265 km s−1, fiducial)
Mass # stars
Massive runaways mass function (v ≥ 30 km s−1, M ≥ 7.5 M⊙)
Renzo et al. 19b Numerical results publicly available at:: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 15
Mass-velocity varying the natal kick
7
Fiducial σkick = 265 km s−1
20 40 60 80 100 120 vdis [km s−1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mdis [M⊙] BH momentum kick (σkick = 265 km s−1, fiducial) −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 log10(Pdis)
Intermediate BH kick σkick = 100 km s−1
20 40 60 80 100 120 vdis [km s−1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mdis [M⊙] BH: σkick = 100 km s−1 NS: σkick = 265 km s−1 (no fallback for BH) −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 log10(Pdis)
Large BH kicks (no fallback)
20 40 60 80 100 120 vdis [km s−1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mdis [M⊙] BH kick=NS kick (σkick = 265 km s−1, no fallback) −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 log10(Pdis)
Numerical results publicly available at: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66 Renzo et al. 19b, (see also Dray et al. 2006 for WR runaways)
SLIDE 16
Kicks constraints from XRBs astrometry
SLIDE 17
Post-SN velocity of surviving binaries
8
BH kick = NS kick Renzo et al. 19b
# systems
NS + Main sequence BH + Main sequence
Velocity respect to the pre-explosion binary center of mass
Numerical results publicly available at: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 18
Preliminary: The case of 4U1700-37
342.75 343.50 344.25 345.00 345.75 346.50 347.25 348.00
l (degrees)
1 2 3
b (degrees) current positions members NGC 6231 current position 4U 1700-37
9
M ≃ 2.5 M⊙ , M∗ ≃ 60 ± 10 M⊙ , P ≃ 3.4 days , e ≃ 0.22 , v ≃ 60 km s−1
van der Meij, D.-F . Guo, et al. (incl. MR), in prep.
Galactic latitude Galactic longitude
SLIDE 19
Preliminary: The case of 4U1700-37
342.75 343.50 344.25 345.00 345.75 346.50 347.25 348.00
l (degrees)
1 2 3
b (degrees) path NGC 6231 position members NGC 6231 2.2 Myr ago current positions members NGC 6231 current position 4U 1700-37
9
M ≃ 2.5 M⊙ , M∗ ≃ 60 ± 10 M⊙ , P ≃ 3.4 days , e ≃ 0.22 , v ≃ 60 km s−1
van der Meij, D.-F . Guo, et al. (incl. MR), in prep.
Galactic latitude Galactic longitude
SLIDE 20
Preliminary: The case of 4U1700-37
9
M ≃ 2.5 M⊙ , M∗ ≃ 60 ± 10 M⊙ , P ≃ 3.4 days , e ≃ 0.22 , v ≃ 60 km s−1
van der Meij, D.-F . Guo, et al. (incl. MR), in prep.
Galactic latitude Galactic longitude
SLIDE 21
Conclusions
SLIDE 22
Take home points
10
Natal kicks cause the disruption of 86+11
−22% of massive binaries
For disrupted binaries the kick acts only on compact object ⇒ walkaways outnumber the runaways; If binary remains bound the kick changes the kinematics of the whole system; Runaway mass distribution ⇒ constraints on BH kicks without seeing the collapse nor the BH.
SLIDE 23
Backup slides
SLIDE 24
Methods: Population Synthesis
Fast ⇒ Allows statistical tests of the inputs & assumptions
SN kicks Stellar Winds Initial Distributions
Evolution
Synthetic Population
(available online)
RLOF & Common Envelope Tidal Interactions Mass Transfer
SLIDE 25
Initial Distributions 25 50 75 100 M1 [M⊙] Probability
slope=-2.3 (or -1.9) Kroupa ’01 (or Schneider et al., ’18)
0.0 0.5 1.0 q = M2/M1
flat
1 2 3 4 log10(P/[days])
slope=-0.55 if M1 ≥ 15M⊙ else flat Sana et al., ’12 200 400 600 800 1000 NS kick [km s−1] Probability
Maxwellian σvkick = 265 km s−1 + Fallback rescaling
(from Fryer et al. ’12) Hobbs et al. ’05
SLIDE 26
Velocity distribution: Runaways
Renzo et al. 19b
Velocity respect to the pre-explosion binary center of mass
Numerical results publicly available at: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 27
Velocity distribution: Walkaways
Renzo et al. 19b
Velocity respect to the pre-explosion binary center of mass
Numerical results publicly available at: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
SLIDE 28
Velocity distribution: Walkaways
Renzo et al. 19b
Velocity respect to the pre-explosion binary center of mass
Numerical results publicly available at: http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A66
Under-production of runaways because mass transfer widens the binaries and makes the secondary more massive
SLIDE 29
Star forming region velocity dispersion
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 vdis [km s−1] 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 Normalized Probability R15 =26.8 RSFH
15
=14.1 ≥ 15 M⊙ Convolved −40−20 0 20 40
vSFH [km s−1]
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 30
Velocity distribution log-scale
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 log10(vdis/[km s−1]) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Probability×103 Runaways ⇒ 10−1 100 Cumulative ⇐ Walkaways 2.00 2.25 0.000 0.001 0.002
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 31
Velocity post-main sequence stars
20 40 60 80 100 120 vdis [km s−1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probability×105 He stars WDs non-degenerate post-MS 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Cumulative
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 32
pre-CC mass distribution
10 20 30 40 50 Mpre−CC [M⊙] 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Probability×104 MCC Mdis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Cumulative
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 33
pre-CC separation distribution
Mpre−CC
2
≥ 15 M⊙ Mpre−CC
2
≥ 7.5 M⊙ all Mpre−CC
2
1 2 3 4 5 log10(apre−CC/R⊙) 0.0 1.0 2.0 Probability×104 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Cumulative
Renzo et al. 19b
SLIDE 34
How far do they get?
“Distance traveled”
(No potential well)
Renzo et al. 19b