beyondthemap A Presentation by Dr. James Raffan in the Polar Perspectives Series Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, November 20th, 2008
Hurricane Aerial
Source: World Resources Institute Frontier Forests 8,000 years ago
Frontier forests today
Meanwhile ... in Greenland in the last 16 years ... 1992 2002 2005
Winter Road Days 180 135 90 45 0 1968 1978 1988 1998 2006
? Global Temperature Since 1860 * 0.900 0.675 0.450 0.225 0 -0.225 -0.450 -0.675 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 * Temperature ºC as Deviation from 1961-1991 Average
The Greenhouse Effect
C O 2 CO2 C O 2 CO2
Ice Ice Altered Conditions Altered Conditions Ideal Conditions Ideal Conditions Adapt Move Open Water Die One Year
10.5 14.0 3.5 7.0 1900 1905 1910 Extent of Arctic Sea Ice (millions square km) 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Average Ocean Temperature (ºC) 0.500 0.375 0.250 0.125 0 -0.125 -0.250 1954 1958 1962 1965 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
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HUMANS NATURE
DISCONNECTION!
HUMANS DISCONNECTION! NATURE
H u m a n s N a t u r e
Wilberforce Falls on Foot ‘81 NW Passage by Icebreaker ’02 & ‘06 Coppermine River by Canoe ’77, ’78 & ’97 by Snowmobile ‘04 Bathurst Inlet via Burnside ‘80 Mackenzie Delta Reindeer Herding Mara River Baffin Island Coast by Skidoo ’03 & ‘05 by Canoe ‘81 by Peterhead ‘85 Kazan River ‘88 Thelon River by Canoe ’83 & ‘91 Pangnirtung Pass on Foot ‘85 Thelon Sanctuary by Skidoo ‘91 Wager Bay by Sea Kayak ‘86 Dempster Highway by Car ‘79 Richmond Gulf by Canoe ‘87 Rivère a l’eau Claire ‘87 Dempster Highway by Transport Truck ‘03 James Bay Shore by Snowshoe ‘82 Peel River by Skidoo ‘03 Kluane National Park on Foot ‘79 Newfoundland by Bicycle ‘81 Summit Pass by Ski ‘00 Jacques Cartier River by Snowshoe ‘83 Nahanni River by Air & on Foot ‘02 Alaska Highway by Road ‘79 Dumoine River by Dog Sled ‘83 Elk River by Canoe ‘83 Fond du Lac River by Canoe ‘79 Dumoine River by Canoe ’70, 80’, ‘82 Churchill River by Canoe ‘79 Trans-Canada Trail by Bicycle ‘00 Red Squirred Wilderness by Snowshoe Berens River by Canoe ‘03 ‘86 Missinaibi River by Canoe ‘82 Lady Evelyn River Lake Superior Park by Snowshoe ‘85 by Canoe ’67, ‘71 Superior Shore by Canoe ‘85 Spanish River by Canoe ’72 & Snowshoe ‘06 Trans-Canada Trail on Foot ‘00 Algonquin Park on Foot & Across Algonquin by Canoe ‘60-’69 by Snowshoe ’93, ‘05 French River by Canoe ‘74
The Lure of The Lure of Faraway Faraway Places Places Reflections on Wilderness and Solitude Herb Pohl Edited by James Ra ff an
Inuvik Leduc
F Days
M Days
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