Beyond Today 2008 IEEE Wireless HIVE Networks Conference HIVE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Beyond Today 2008 IEEE Wireless HIVE Networks Conference HIVE Networks Conference Keynote Address Walt Trybula, Ph.D., IEEE Fellow, SPIE Fellow e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu It's hard to make predictions, especially about the future.
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Walt Trybula, Ph.D., IEEE Fellow, SPIE Fellow
Courtesy of Mike Polcari
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http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0134.html?printable=1
What we know might be different from another vantage point
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e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu A single ant or bee isn't smart, but their colonies are. The study of swarm intelligence is providing insights that can help humans manage complex systems, from truck routing to military robots. Swarm Theory - National Geographic Magazine http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/07/swarms/miller-text
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http://www.swarm-bots.org/
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www.enterprisemission.com/moon5.htm
Arthur C. Clarke's, Fountains of Paradise
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast07sep_1.htm
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http://www.blacklineascension.com/
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being spawned as companies manipulate matter at the atomic level, according to The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, a Washington, D.C. initiative associated with the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
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Center for Scholars.
descriptions of more than 6001 consumer goods purportedly made with some type of nanotech process
http://www.nanotechproject.org/index.php?id=44&action=view
1 April 2008 data
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1 - Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for displays 2 - Photovoltaic film that converts light into electricity 3 - Scratch-proof coated windows that clean themselves with UV 4 - Fabrics coated to resist stains and control temperature 5 - Intelligent clothing measures pulse and respiration 6 - Bucky-tubeframe is light but very strong 7 - Hipjoint made from biocompatible materials 8 - Nano-particle paint to prevent corrosion 9 - Thermo-chromic glass to regulate light 10 - Magnetic layers for compact data memory 11 - Carbon nanotube fuel cells to power electronics and vehicles 12 - Nano-engineered cochlear implant
Compiled by Jo Twist, BBC News On-Line, July 28, 2004
SEM image of self-cleaning glass Ref: Dr. Helmut Hohenstein of Institut fur Fenstertechnik
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SEM image of lotus leaf
There is a great interest in the design and development of the so-called “hygienic surfaces”, referring to surfaces that not only provides biocidal activity but also to those that are easy to clean and even self- cleaning. Achieving these properties on a surface is possible by means of coatings and treatments on specific surfaces, and in which nanotechnology plays a key role. Most of these coatings acquire their biocidal/self- cleaning capacity by incorporating specific nanoparticles: basically silver (Ag) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ).
Ref: Nano Tsunami - Hygienic surfaces, biocidal and self-cleaning coatings
SEM photograph of functional material coating on polyester fiber surface
SEM photograph
Interactive fabric Passive fabric
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Ref: Toray Institute surface coated with functional material TEM photograph of a cross-section of fiber coated with functional material Electric Plaid: a handwoven, color-changing textile. Photo by International Fashion Machines. Journal of Materials Vol.57, No. 7 Firefly dress
IsraCast has recently tested one of the most shock-resistant materials known to man. Five times stronger than steel and at least twice as strong as any impact-resistant material currently in use as protective gear.
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The material withstood the shock pressures generated by the impacts of up to 250 tons per square centimeter. The rendering above is of a possible armor vest. (Material production is currently a few kilograms per day.
Certain inorganic compounds such as WS2, MoS2, TiS2 and NbS2 that normally occur as large flat platelets can be synthesized into much smaller nano-spheres and nano-tubes which they named inorganic fullerene-like nanostructures (IF) The "Onion like" nano-structure of the IF materials, is the result of a sophisticated manipulation on the
structure is responsible for its remarkable strength and durability
Nisson will start offering a self-healing paint. After an encounter that creates scratches to the paint, the paint starts to reform itself over the scratch. An overnight reformulation should occur over night. e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu
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Reproduced by Permission of the IEEE, Inc. Used with permission of the Estate of John Bardeen Reproduced by Permission of the IEEE, Inc. Reproduced by Permission of the IEEE, Inc. Courtesy of Texas Instruments, Inc.
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Images Courtesy of IBM Research Center Web Site
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http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0134.html?printable=1
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http://ercim-news.ercim.org/content/view/52/83/
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http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/HONSHI/20070626/134794/
LilyPad Button Board $1.59
LilyPad Arduino Main Board
LilyPad components for wearable clothing
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LilyPad Starter Kit $87
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/advanced_search_result.php?keywords=lilypad&x=0&y=0&search_section=products
LilyPad Power Supply LilyPad Accelerometer
Requirements: Breakthroughs in
Other Requirements: Significantly enhanced computing power Reduced power consumption New electronic interfaces e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu
Ref: http://www.defensetech.org/archives/cat_medic.html
New electronic interfaces
Note: DARPA is also working on complete arm replacements with neural control.
Untethered signal transmission permits remote monitoring
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permits remote monitoring
Dietary tracking with remote sensing
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/NewsDetails.asp?News_id=11705
A model touches a panel screen installed in a newly introduced "Internet Refrigerator" at the
in Makuhari, east of Tokyo, Wednesday, Sept. 30, 1998. The unique refrigerator is connected with all household
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http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/100198/tec_124-3962.shtml
connected with all household euipment like, telephone, air conditioner, bath, television, security, etc., which could be controlled by the touch panel
michrophone.
technology?
Player to remotely program the channels and the time for a program?
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system? How?
control?
Self-Building Swarms
slightly larger than a sugar cube, which work together to form a single artificial life-
to manage their own hardware and software
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http://www.scientificblogging.com/news_releases/symbrion_symbiotic_evolutionary_robot_organisms_project_seeks_self_building_swarms
build Transformers, bring destruction upon us all”
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http://www.engadget.com/tag/symbrion/
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Brownian Motion is Fundamental (at least we think so) in cellular movement
e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu Courtesy of Deb Newberry
Nanomaterials often have different properties than their bulk-scale counterparts
Nanocomposites are materials where the constituents are mixed on a nanometer scale
either constituent in such properties as optical clarity, strength, stiffness, thermal stability, reduced permeability, and flame retardancy. Abalone shell has alternating layers of calcium carbonate and a rubbery biopolymer. It is twice as hard and a thousand times tougher than its components. e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu and a thousand times tougher than its components. Courtesy of Deb Newberry
Single Single-Crystal Nanorings Formed by Epitaxial Crystal Nanorings Formed by Epitaxial Self Self-Coiling of Polar Nanobelts Coiling of Polar Nanobelts
Science, 303 (2004) 1348
e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu 1 m
500 nm
1 m Courtesy of Rao Tummala
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Melting Point is Dependent on Particle Size
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Source: K.J. Klabunde, 2001
NASA Ames
Mask Process Induced Changes
(a) With Resist and Chrome / Shifter layers (b) After Resist layer removal (c) Subtracted map for Resist layer (d) After Chrome / Shifter layer removal (e) Subtracted map for Chrome / Shifter layer
Even typical processes can create issues that impact desired images U Wisc. work shows 5nm image position displacement under ideal conditions
With 9nm overlay tolerances, 5nm displacements are enormous
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A Carbon60 Buckyball (Courtesy CNI)
A Carbon50 Buckyball has been reported – properties are different from Carbon60
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But, 13 atoms of Silver have been theoretically shown to have a magnetic moment And, 13 atoms of Platinum have been experimentally shown to have a magnetic moment
How do we apply these facts?
CNT is a tubular form of carbon with diameter as small as 1 nm. Length: few nm to microns. CNT is configurationally equivalent to a two dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tube. CNT exhibits extraordinary mechanical properties: Young’s modulus over 1 Tera Pascal, as stiff as diamond, and tensile strength ~ 200 GPa. CNT can be metallic or semiconducting, depending on chirality.
Courtesy of M. Meyyappan
Absorber Buffer Absorber Buffer
2.3nm Si, 4.6nm Mo
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Multilayer
Low thermal expansion substrate
TEM courtesy of AMD
Multilayer
Low thermal expansion substrate
TEM courtesy of AMD
2.3nm Si, 4.6nm Mo
EUV Mask Blank
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Jakob Schiøtz and Karsten W. Jacobsen ,Science 301, pp. 1357-1359 (5 September 2003). Deformation of nanocrystalline copper – grain diameter of 50nm Maximum strength with 10nm copper grain size
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Alain E. Kaloyeros et al, Exploiting Nanotechnology for Terahertz Interconnects Semicondcutor Interantional January 2003
adhesion forces
to higher available
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F
A
to higher available surface
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Before clean After clean Redeposition is an issue Problem with heating quartz
0.5 min delay 3 min delay 5 min delay
Resist A, 1500A thk BARC DUV30J 836 A thk
0 NH3/ 0 HNO3 Best stability
Expose to PEB Delay e-mail: w.trybula@txstate.edu BARC DUV30J 836 A thk 0.85NA, 0.3 sigma 157nm 70nm 1:1 51 mJ/cm2 and best focus
1 NH3/ 0 HNO3 1ppb NH3 with no acid is Fatal !
>1nm/min CD change with best resists at ~0.3 ppb NH3 Courtesy of Jan Makos-Brotherton
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Experimental evidence from non-semiconductor efforts
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Experimental Rapid Cryofixation process
Courtesy of Mordy Rothschild
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Courtesy of Mike Polcari
Courtesy of M. Meyyappan
spins rather than charge
conventional transistors
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conventional transistors
electrostatic fields
computing
Courtesy Eli Yablanovitch, UCLA Courtesy Eli Yablanovitch, UCLA
CNT advantages: (1) Small diameter (2) High aspect ratio (3) Highly conductive along the axis (4) High mechanical strength
Courtesy of M. Meyyappan
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Jeng-Chung Chen, Purdue University – April 2004 Physical Review Letters
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CBS picture, July 2003
– Some will be successful – And, some will not
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