Beyond r-process: The Cocoon emission in the early macronova in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Beyond r-process:

The Cocoon emission in the early macronova in GW170817

Hamid Hamidani, Kunihito Ioka, & Kenta Kiuchi

2019年5月22日 ̶ 24日 原子核物理でつむぐrプロセス

Review

Fernandez Metzger 2016

This study Late Observations Numerical Relativity

Jet propagation in an expanding ejecta

• 1

HH+19 in prep

Motivation

• Engine powered “Cocoon”:

What EM counterparts/signature to be expected?

Credit: Kasliwal+17

Tool I. Numerical Simulations

Velocity Density

β = β2

r + β2 θ

log10(ρ)

Tool II. Analytic Modeling

βh = βj βe 1 + ˜ L−1/2 + βe ' ˜ L1/2 + βe

Gives:

Jet head motion Cocoon (E, M, <v>)

hjρjc2Γ2

jβ2 j + Pj = heρec2Γeβ2 e + Pe

Ram Pressure Balance

Engine Ejecta

Tool II. Analytic Modeling

βh = βj βe 1 + ˜ L−1/2 + βe ' ˜ L1/2 + βe

drh(t) dt + (− vej rm(t) ) rh(t) = Arm(t)

3 − n 2 rh(t) n − 2 2

drh(t) dt = Arh(t)

n − 2 2 Static medium Expanding medium A = ( r3−n

m,0 − r3−n

(3 − n)r3−n

m,0 ) (

4Lj θ2

j Mejc)

0.0E+00 5.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.5E+09 2.0E+09

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

rh(t) [cm]

t – t0 [s]

n=0 (A) n=0 (S) n=1 (A) n=1 (S) n=2 (A) n=2 (S) rm(t)

vej = 0.1c

0.0E+00 5.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.5E+09 2.0E+09 2.5E+09 3.0E+09

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

rh(t) [cm]

t – t0 [s]

n=0 (A) n=0 (S) n=1 (A) n=1 (S) n=2 (A) n=2 (S) rm(t)

vej = 0.2c

• I. Analytic Vs. Numerical

Breakouts

HH+19 in prep

Results I:

Engine parameters and jet dynamics

vb = A rb + vej

tb − t0 = r

4 − n 2

m,0 − r

4 − n 2

r

4 − n 2

m,0

vej (4 − n)A + rm,0 vej

2

− rm,0 vej

A = ( r3−n

m,0 − r3−n

(3 − n)r3−n

m,0 ) (

4Liso,0 Mejc )

1.E+48 1.E+49 1.E+50 1.E+51 1.E+52 1.E+53 1.E+54

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000

Liso,0 [erg s-1]

t0 – tm [s]

tb – t0 = 1s

vb / vej = 2

( I

• k

a N a k a m u r a 2 1 7 )

vb ~ c

Relativistic Breakout

vb/vej = 1.6

t

– t = 0.1s t

– t = 0.01s

Results I:

Engine parameters and jet dynamics

Engine collapse/activation time Engine Power

• II. Application for

GW170817’s Cocoon

Modeling The Cocoon

Ein = 3PcVc

Ec = Ein + Ek,e

Ein = Lj(tb − t0)(1 − 1/c × Rb/(tb − t0))

Approximations/Assumptions:

β⊥ = Pc ρa (rh) c2

Ec, Mc, & ⟨βc⟩

Gives:

Results I:

GW170817’s Cocoon (preliminary)

1.E+48 1.E+49 1.E+50 1.E+51 1.E+52 1.E+53 1.E+54

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000

Liso,0 [erg s-1]

t0 – tm [s]

Mc = 1 . 1 × 1 0-4 M⨀ < "c >energy = . 2 7

Narrow Jet (#0=6.8º)

Delay ⩽ 1.7s Delay > 1.7s

tb – t0 = 1s

GW170817 (VLBI)

~50% of sGRBs tb – t0 ≲ Median(T90)

GW170817: Delay = 1.7s

(Numerical relativity)

for Mej ≳ 0.01M⨀

vb ~ c vb/vej = 2

(Ioka Nakamura 2017)

Relativistic Breakout

v

b

/ v

ej

= 1 . 6

t

– t = 0.1s t

– t = 0.01s Mc = 1.2×10-4 M⨀ <"c>energy = 0.27 Mc = 1.2×10-4 M⨀ <"c>energy = 0.29 M

= 1.1×10

• 4

M

<"

>

= 0.30

Results I:

GW170817’s Cocoon (preliminary)

1.E+48 1.E+49 1.E+50 1.E+51 1.E+52 1.E+53 1.E+54

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000

Liso,0 [erg s-1]

t0 – tm [s]

Mc = 4 ×10-4 M⨀ <"c>energy = 0.29

Wide Jet (#0=18.0º)

Delay ⩽ 1.7s Delay > 1.7s

tb – t0 = 1s

GW170817 (VLBI)

~50% of sGRBs tb – t0 ≲ Median(T90)

GW170817: Delay = 1.7s

(Numerical relativity)

for Mej ≳ 0.01M⨀

vb ~ c vb/vej = 2

(Ioka Nakamura 2017)

Relativistic Breakout

v

b

/ v

ej

= 1 . 6

t

– t = 0.1s t

– t = 0.01s Mc = 4.2 ×10-4 M⨀ <"c>energy = 0.29 Mc = 4.2 ×10-4 M⨀ <"c>energy = 0.34 M

= 4 ×10

• 4

M

<"

>

= 0.34

The EM Counterparts & The Cocoon

Photospheric Velocity (preliminary)

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1

v/c

Time since GW170817 [day]

Delay ≥ 1.7s (VLBI)

<!c>

"0 = 1º "0 = 3.4º "0 = 9º "0 = 20º

# = 1 cm2 g-1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1 2 3 4 5

v/c

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817's Cocoon

! = 1 cm2 g-1 ! = 0.3 – 3 cm2 g-1

EE, and Plateau Emission

Kisaka+17

EE, and Plateau Emission

Kisaka+17

The Different Cocoons (preliminary)

HH+19 in prep

1E+39 1E+40 1E+41 1E+42 1E+43 1E+44 1 2 3

Lbl [erg s-1] Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 GW170817 [Waxman+17] R-process [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Narrow Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Narrow EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Wide Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Narrow Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Wide

1E+39 1E+40 1E+41 1E+42 1E+43 1E+44 1 2 3

Lbl [erg s-1] Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] GW170817 [Waxman+17] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet]

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary)

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 R-process [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Narrow Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Narrow EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Wide Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Narrow Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Wide

J-Band

HH+19 in prep

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet]

J-Band

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary)

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 R-process [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Narrow Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Narrow EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Wide Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Narrow Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Wide

R-Band

HH+19 in prep

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet]

R-Band

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary)

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6
• 4
• 2

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 R-process [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Narrow Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Narrow EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Wide Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Narrow Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Wide

U-Band

HH+19 in prep

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6
• 4
• 2

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 1 2

MAB mAB (D=40Mpc)

Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet]

U-Band

Temperature & Color (preliminary)

1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1 2 3

T [K] Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Narrow Prompt [1e51 erg/s ×~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Narrow EE [1e49 erg/s ×~100s] Wide Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Narrow Plateau [1e46 erg/s ×~1e4s] Wide

HH+19 in prep

1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1 2 3

T [K] Time since GW170817 [day]

GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet]

The Prediction

HH+19 in prep

Summary

The Cocoon outshines r-process

likely to have contaminated the early macronova in GW170817

Large Opening Angles for the central engine

are excluded

Prediction of A Bright Early Counterparts

to peak and outshine r-process in the first a few hours (if powered by the EE/PL emission of the engine)