[PPT] - Best Management Practices for Centralized Waste Treatment (CWT) PowerPoint Presentation

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SCAP Wastewater Pretreatment Committee Meeting

Best Management Practices for Centralized Waste Treatment (CWT) Facilities

Steve McDonald smcdonald@carollo.com (925) 788-7001 February 2016

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Agenda Ø What are CWT Facilities? Ø Summary of California CWT Facilities Ø City of Oxnard/SCWW Case Study Ø Best Management Practices Ø Recommendations

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What are CWT Facilities?

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What is a Centralized Waste Treatment Facility (CWT)

Defined in Rule 40 CFR 437 any facility that accepts

hazardous or nonhazardous wastes for pretreatment processing before discharge to a Publically Owned Wastewater Treatment (POTW) facility.

Limits Governed By
Federal/State/Local Limits
Required Removal Efficiencies
Specified by EPA
Additional Requirements Set By Permitting

Authority on a Case by Case Basis

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Centralized Waste Treatment Facility

Four Subcategories
A: Metals
B: Oils
C: Organics
D: Multiple Waste Streams (i.e.

combination of the above)

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Permitting Agency Rights and Responsibilities

Ø The Permitting Agency has the authority and responsibility to approve (i.e. to certify) CWT Subcategory D dischargers as meeting “equivalent treatment”. Ø EPA provides guidance for approval process “Small Entity Compliance Guide, Centralized Waste Treatment (CWT) Effluent Limitations and Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards”

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Survey of CWT Facilities in California

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Development of CWT Best Management Practices

Carollo Surveyed the following POTW agencies

for CWT Subcategory D Dischargers.

City of Oxnard
Los Angeles County Sanitation District (LACSD)
City of San Jose (SJ/SC Water Pollution Control Plant)
City of Los Angeles (City of LA)
Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD)
Silicon Valley Clean Water (SVCW)
Total of 10 operating CWTs surveyed.

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SUMMARY OF SURVEY OF CENTRAL WASTE TREATMENT (CWT) FACILITIES IN CALIFORNIA

Green Compass Facilities - 40 CFR 437 Subcategory D Dischargers

POTW or Permitting Agency CWT Facility Name Discharging upstream of reuse facilities Address Waste Treated (Categorical Wastes) Permitted Flow (gpd) Date Permit Issued Expiration Date Effluent Batch Discharge Test Before Batch Discharge Slug Discharge Control Plan Surcharge Testing (COD and TSS) Self Monitoring Frequency of Testing Penalty For Noncompliance Independent Monitoring Flow Meter Required Independent Flow Metering Oxnard Wastewater Treatment Facility (OWTP) SCWW (Santa Clara Wastewater, aka. Southern California Wastewater) Yes 815 Mission Rock Rd. Metals, Oils, Organics TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Kern County (Deep Well Injection Disposal) CVWW (Central Valley Wastewater) N.A. 18613 Waterflood Rd. Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) Green Compass Environmental Solutions Orange County Yes 2840 E Mirolama Avenue Metals, Oils, Organics 40,000 7/5/2014 3/31/2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes Monthly, quarterly, semi-annually Resample Fee Permit Condition profiling and sampling

f incoming generator

waste required Yes and flow meter calibration reports, No Silicon Valley Clean Water (SVCW) NCWW (Seaport Refining & Environmental) Yes 679 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City No Data 75,000 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Other California - 40 CFR 437 Subcategory D Dischargers

LACSD1 Evoqua Water Technologies LLC No 5375 S Boyle Avenue, Vernon Metals, Oils, Organics 32,000 11/6/2014 11/5/2019 Yes (2 process streams) Yes No Yes quarterly, semi- annually Fine ($25,000 dollars a day) Yes by the Districts (split samples may be provided) Yes, must follow District guidelines No IEUA and LACSD (Joint Permit) K-Pure Water Works No 8910 Rochester Avenue, Rancho Cucamonga Metals, Oils, Organics 21,600 7/22/2014 10/6/2018 Yes Yes No Yes quarterly Fine Yes by the Districts (split samples may be provided) Yes, by local agency (IEUA) No LACSD Crosby & Overton Inc. No 1630 W 17th Street Metals, Oil, Organics 50,000 9/12/2011 5/18/2016 Yes Yes No Yes quarterly Fine Yes by the Districts (split samples may be provided) Yes, must follow District guidelines. No LACSD Ridgeline Energy Services USA Inc. (No Longer Operating) N.A. 12345 Lakeland Road, Santa Fe Springs N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. City of San Jose (SJ/SC Water Pollution Control Plant) Clean Harbors Yes 1021 Berryessa Road Metals, Organics 40,000 11/18/2011 11/17/2016 Yes (2 process streams) Yes Yes Yes Monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually Fine QA/QC by request Yes No City of LA Clean Harbors Los Angeles, LLC Yes 5756 Alba Street, L.A. Metals, Oils, Organics 615 (no maximum limit on dishcarge) 9/30/2002 6/30/2017 (Renewed Every 3 Years) Yes (Stormwater Only) Yes (Stormwater Only) Yes No Bi-Monthly (Zero Discharge Certification Statement) No Administrative Complaint (Civil/ Criminal Only) City performs quartly monitoring if there is a discharge and splits samples upon request Yes, instead of a Certified Water Balance No OCSD2 Klean Waters, Inc. Yes 28465 Old Town Front St., Suite 224 Metals, Oils, Organics 100,000 6/1/2013 12/31/2014 (Extended into 2015 for In-Progress Enforcement) Yes Yes Yes Yes Monthly, quarterly, semi-annually Enforcement In- Progress with potential penalties Permit Condition profiling and sampling

f incoming generator

waste required Yes and flow meter calibration reports, No

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City of Oxnard/SCWW Case Study

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Background

Oxnard:

2015 US Census Population

~210,000

Oxnard Plain has large

Agriculture production

Port Hueneme and Naval

base operations

Water supplied from local

groundwater and imported sources

OWTP discharges to the

Ocean

AWPF produces recycled

water for potential IPR/DPT

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Oxnard Wastewater Treatment Plant

Permitted

Capacity 31.7 MGD

Existing Flows

19 MGD

40 Significant

Industrial Dischargers

Port Hueneme

and Naval Base

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The Potential Impact of Sea Level Rise Drives Consideration of a New Plant Site

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Goals and Objectives

Provide compliant, reliable, resilient, and flexible

systems that respond to future changes in regulations, policies and nature.

Integrate grey and green infrastructure with an

emphasis on energy efficiency, where feasible.

Provide economic and social benefits within the

community.

Modify systems to adapt to potential impacts

related to climate change.

Achieve economic and environmental

sustainability.

Maintain ratepayer affordability.

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Master Plan Drivers

Regulatory – meet and/or exceed existing and

future regulatory requirements

Repair/Rehabilitate (Condition) – on-going

repairs to assure reliable performance, rehabilitation to extend useful life

Growth - phased expansion to provide 5 to 7

years of anticipated connection capacity

Performance – reduction in life-cycle cost,
perational improvements for flexibility, reliability
Resource Sustainability – energy initiatives,

resource reuse/recovery, sustainable design

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Water Utilities Addressed in the IWRMP

Water
Wastewater
Recycled Water
Storm Water

Streets Public Works Administration SCADA

= Integrated Water Resources Master Plan (IWRMP)

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Overall PWIMP Alternative Development Process

Vision Assess Existing Conditions “Gap” Analysis and Future Needs Develop Alternatives Evaluate and Recommend

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Site Plan – 2016

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Site Plan - 2040

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Increases to the City’s Water Rates have been Driven by Imported Water Costs.

Enhancements to local supply will give the

City greater control over costs and water rates

0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500%

Cumulative Water Bill, CPI, and ENR CCI Increases Since 1990

Typical Monthly Water Bill ENRCCI - 20 City Average CPI LA, OC, Riverside - Utilities Steep rise in rates corresponding to high increases in imported water costs.

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Water/Recycled Water Facilities through 2040

CMWD Pipeline O-H Pipeline Potable Dist RW Dist

Expand AWPF to 25 mgd Expand Desalter, Add 3 ASR Wells, Add 5 potable wells Extend RW Pipeline to Ag Users Add SST Potable Well New Concentrate Pipeline Add 6 ASR Wells Complete RW Loop Add 6 ASR Wells Add Dedicated IPR Line DPR

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Bottom Line: City of Oxnard is Moving from Ocean Discharge to Advanced Water Reuse

Ø Irrigation ü Golf Course - April 2015 Ø Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) ü Direct injection of Recycled Water to Groundwater Aquifer for Storage and Future Recovery ü Construction initiated in 2015 ü Delivery of Recycled Water for Tracer Studies - 2016 ü Delivery of Recycled Water For Storage and Ultimate Recovery - 2016 Ø Direct Potable Reuse ü Pending Agency Acceptance ü Practice Already Conducted in Other States (Texas)

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Santa Clara Wastewater (SCWW) Facility

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SCWW - Background

Ø Private company (not public agency)

ü CWT Subcategory D Facility ü Established in 1959 and located in Santa Paula. ü Discharges to the City of Oxnard OWTP via the collection system.

Ø Types of Waste Treated

Ø Metals ü Organics ü Oils

Ø SCWW discharge capacity = 200,000 gpd

ü Less than 10% of total industrial flow to OWTP ü ~ 1% of total flow to OWTP

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SCWW - Background

Ø Summary of SCWW Received

ü Receives waste from over 300 customers throughout California ü Approximately 2/3 of customers are from outside Ventura County ü Approximately 6% of customers are from Oxnard

Ø The City and SCWW Operating Agreements/Permits:

ü Agreement for conveyance and treatment services which

utlines payment, terms and conditions – expired July 2009.

ü Industrial Wastewater Discharge Permit (IWDP) which outlines local and federal pretreatment standards and Monitoring Requirements – Suspended November 2014

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On-Site Equipment

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SCWW treatment process diagram

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SCWW treatment process diagram (continued)

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SCWW Performance History

High H2S/odors detected, piping and manhole deterioration observed downstream of SCWW
SCWW indicates issue with odor control system to be resolved

N D J F M 2013 2016 A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M 2015 2014 O

Odor complaints/high H2S at SCWW discharge
OWTP exceeds gross beta
SCWW discharge show high gross beta
Cease and desist (10/22/14)
Notice of violation – gross beta (11/6/14)
Explosion (11/18/14)
SCWW discharge locked by City(11/19/14)
November gross beta (12/1/14)
SCWW IWDP suspended (11/26/14)
November gross beta (12/3/14)

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Gross Beta Measurement Issue

Ø Defini9on

ü Elements that contain unstable nuclei are said to be radioac2ve or are called radionuclides. Gross Beta is a measure subatomic par2cles ejected from the nucleus of certain radionuclides.

Ø SCWW Response to No9ce of Viola9on

ü High Gross Beta was a result of naturally occurring Potassium-40 ü Subtrac2ng Potassium-40 from total Gross Beta results in no viola2on ü California Water Code allows for subtrac2on of “naturally occurring” Potassium-40 from gross beta

Ø Oxnard’s NPDES Permit for Ocean Discharge

ü Basis of limit is on reported total Gross Beta ü Permit has no provisions for subtrac2on of Potassium-40 ü NPDES Permit is for wastewater, California Water Code is not applicable

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Other DA and City Council Considerations

Ø DA Investigation Ø Ventura County Land Use Permit Ø OSHA Report Ø Local Limits Report Ø Concentrate Pipeline Permit

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Review of Best Management Practices for CWTs

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Best Management Practices where Developed Covering all Three Areas of Concern

Waste Receiving Requirements Treatment Requirements Discharge Monitoring Requirements

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Overview of Key BMP Requirements

Discharge Monitoring Requirements Batch discharge only. Continuous discharge prohibited. Representative sampling and flow monitoring. Independent third party testing and flow monitoring. Treatment Requirements Must demonstrate equivalent treatment for each subcategory Must treat to meet required removal efficiencies

Emergency and Redundancy/Reliability Requirements

Waste Receiving Requirements Waste Hauler Reports Mandatory tests on incoming loads

Third party independent verification of waste characteristics

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Tiered CWT Discharge Limits of Concern

Federal Limits Local Limits Recommended Removal Efficiencies 40 CFR 437 Additional Requirements Requested By Permitting Authority (i.e. Gross Beta, etc.)

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BMP Recommended Plans

1. Operations Plan
2. Slug Discharge Plan
3. Sampling and Testing Plan (STP)
4. Self Monitoring Plan
5. Spill Containment Plan
6. Flow Metering Plan
7. On-site Rainwater Management Plan
8. Solvent Management Plan
9. Waste Minimization Plan.

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BMP Treatment Process Facility Report Required

Ø Basis of Design

Process description
Process flow diagram
Unit processes descriptions
Design criteria (sizing, and performance)
Proposed sampling locations
Process control schematic
Process control parameters

Ø Analysis of equivalency of proposed treatment to EPA Guidance. Ø As Built Drawings/100% Design Drawings Ø Wastewater Treatment Operator Requirements/ Resumes Ø Historical water and tax bills Ø Stamped by registered CA PE licensed in Civil or Chemical Engineering

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BMP Received Waste Documentation

Waste hauler reports
Logbook of all prequalifications for each of the CWTs

waste generators:

Generator information
Initial Sample information
Requalification tests

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BMP Testing and Monitoring Documentation

Effluent recorded values from the previous 180 days
Copies of flow meter/totalizer readings.
All analytical results
Batch sampling.
Influent/Influent sampling.
Independent third party verifications.
Self monitoring reports.
QA/QC Information from Lab
Flow meter calibration records
Batch Discharge Log (with signature from responsible

party at time of release from plant)

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BMPs Compliance Reporting

On-site Compliance Documentation, as required by 40

CFR Part 437.47(a)(4)

Certification Statement in their Self-Monitoring Report

40 CFR Part 437.41(b)

On site historical compliance documentation (4 years)
Includes received waste documentation, testing/

monitoring reports, and all third party independent sampling information

Long form surcharge statements (based on flow,

separate from self monitoring)

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Batch Discharge Sampling & Testing Requirements

Batch discharge will be required. Continuous discharge is not allowed.
The batch tanks will be continuously mixed.
A representative sample will be taken and analyzed by an independent

laboratory approved by the control Agency before a decision is made to discharge to the POTW sewer system. Testing shall, as a minimum, be for the following:

Local Limit requirements as established by the Agency.
Recommended Federal Pretreatment Categorical Limits.
40 CFR Part 403 General Pretreatment Targets.
Gross Alpha and Gross Beta.
Toxicity (as determined by Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR),

Method 1683, EPA-821-R-01-014; or five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).)

Any other limits imposed by the permitting Agency.

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References

1. “Small Entity Compliance Guide, Centralized Waste Treatment (CWT) Effluent Limitations and Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards” (40 CFR 437) (EPA 821-B-01-003; June 2001; Version 3.0) 2. Wastewater Committee Of The Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi River Board Of State And Provincial Public Health And Environmental

Managers. "Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities;

Policies for the Design, Review, and Approval of Plans and Specifications." For Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facilities (2014 Edition) 3. Special thanks to all of the supporting POTWs for their prompt response and effort in cooperating with this survey.

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