Behavioural yoga for pilots Enabling good airmanship as a resilience - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Behavioural yoga for pilots

Enabling good airmanship as a resilience strategy for civil flight operations

Frederik Mohrmann (NLR) John Stoop (Kindunos Consultancy) 49th ESReDA Seminar, Brussels

Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 [2004]

• Bombardier CRJ-200
• Non-standard flying
• Double flameout FL410
• No restart, no diversion
• Crashed in a backyard

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Quantas Flight 32 [2010]

• Airbus A380
• Uncontained engine failure #2
• Several systems degraded,

partial loss of control

• Crew diverts from checklists,

enable “good airmanship”

• Safe landing and evacuation

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KLM A330 Instructeursvergadering

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How do they differ?

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Refer to prescribed procedures Repeating over and over Enable procedures, but also own assessment & strategy Modify course of action

What is the problem?

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MORE STANDARDISATION (Procedures, Regulations, SOP’s) INCREASING COMPLEXITY (Tech, Ops, Business) + = INSUFFICIENT CREW RESPONSE TO NEW CHALLENGES

The solution: Adaptivity

• The ability to vectoring performance variance is key
• Human error  Human asset!
• Cross-supporting with prescriptive operations
• Paradigmatic change!

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QUESTION: HOW TO ACHIEVE THIS??

The Man4Gen Project

• Fourth Generation Aircraft
• Unexpected event  we rely on the pilot
• Is the pilot competent for this?
• Investigate crew response to surprise and complexity
• Develop solutions (Procedures, Training, HMI)
• Evaluate solutions & form recommendations

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Man4Gen simulator studies

• Scenario 1 – B747, A320
• Go-around and birdstrike
• Acute, high workload and stress
• Scenario 2 – A330
• Cruise computer fault and fuel leak
• Ambiguous, complex, low workload

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What we observed

• DIFFERENTIAL COMPETENCIES
• Teamwork, communication, problem solving & DM
• BEHAVIORAL PITFALLS
• Lack of: threat assessment, strategy, goal setting
• Rushed actions
• BEHAVIORAL EXAMPLES
• Align risks & prio, generate options, monitor outcome

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VARIABLE PERFORMANCE WITHOUT MANAGEMENT

Solution concepts

• Identify & prioritize threats
• Failure management process
• Manage uncertainties
• Fire fighting, IDF
• Strategy selection
• China Air Force, SHOR/DESIDE
• ANC-M
• Gauge temporal pressure

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Philosophy: behavioural yoga

...such that the crew has time to… ...such that the crew can effectively…

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MANAGE TIME CRITICALITY MANAGE UNCERTAINTY PLAN FOR CONTINGENCIES AND CHANGES

From philosophy to operations

• Translate to cockpit operations

Consider, identify, decide

• Concrete strategy

(chrono)logical, structured guidance

• Harmonize with current operational context

procedures, philosophy, design rules, etc.

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Current status & future work

• 6-step strategy developed & reviewed
• Evaluated with new complex, ambiguous scenario

(between & within group testing)

• Evaluate effectiveness, recommendations

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ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS Adhering to the philosophy/strategy improves crew response to complex, ambiguous situations.

Looking back...

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MORE COMPLEXITY CONSTRAINED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS OBSERVED PERFORMANCE VARIANCE ADAPTIVITY REQUIRED TO COUNTER UNEXPECTED (EMERGENT) SAFETY EVENTS NEW PHILOSOPHY:

• 1. MANAGE TIME CRITICALITY
• 2. MANAGE UNCERTAINTIES
• 3. PLAN FOR CONTINGIENCIES & CHANGES

This research is funded as part of the FP7 2012 Aeronautics and Air Transport programme under EC contract ACP2-GA-2012-314765-Man4Gen

THANK YOU For contact or questions: Frederik.Mohrmann@nlr.nl

This research is funded as part of the FP7 2012 Aeronautics and Air Transport programme under EC contract ACP2-GA-2012-314765-Man4Gen

Man4Gen Partners: