Beds of Lakes and Rivers Intro. to the beds of lakes and rivers - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

beds of lakes and rivers
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Beds of Lakes and Rivers Intro. to the beds of lakes and rivers - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Beds of Lakes and Rivers Intro. to the beds of lakes and rivers Drain maintenance provisions Stream piping provisions Dr Michael Greer Senior Scientist Freshwater Intro. to the Beds of Lakes and Rivers The importance of the bed The


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Beds of Lakes and Rivers

  • Intro. to the beds of lakes and rivers

Drain maintenance provisions Stream piping provisions

Dr Michael Greer Senior Scientist – Freshwater

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SLIDE 2
  • Intro. to the Beds of Lakes

and Rivers

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The importance of the bed

  • The bed determines habitat availability

and quality

  • Important components of the bed

include:

– Substrate, size, composition and diversity; – The number and size of habitats types; and – The availability of woody debris

  • Policy P31 aims to protect important

functions of the bed

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The importance of the bed

  • Modifying the bed can affect ecosystem

health even when water quantity and quality are pristine

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Main threats to the beds of lakes and rivers

  • River control;
  • Drain clearing;
  • Piping; and
  • Structures that block fish passage
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The need to protect the beds

  • f all river types
  • Rivers and streams are different, so

are they values they support

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The need to protect the beds

  • f all river types
  • Rivers and streams are different, so

are they values they support

  • Maintaining regional biodiversity

requires the protection of all river types, including headwater streams and drains

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Drain maintenance provisions

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Value of “drains”

  • Often support biodiversity comparable

to “natural” streams

  • Used by most migratory fish species,

and support >20 native species, including several that are threatened

  • Make up at least 10% of NZ streams,

and a lot of the streams in the Southern Wairarapa

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Value of “drains”

1962 2017

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Value of “drains”

Without drainage With drainage

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Effects of clearing

  • Stranding of fish and

invertebrates

  • Suspended sediment
  • Deoxygenation
  • Habitat destruction
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Stranding

  • Up to 20% of fish may

be removed during clearing

  • Most stranded fish,

including eels, die

– Trapped in spoil – Dry out – Eaten by birds

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Sediment

  • Massive increases that

can last for months

  • Interferes with fish

feeding, breeding, breathing and migration

  • Smothers invertebrates

and their habitat

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Deoxygenation

  • Suspension of

sediment can deoxygenate water for days

  • Results in large fish

kills

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Habitat destruction

  • Plant cover removed
  • Bed and banks

smoothed

  • Pool-run-riffle sequence

lost

  • End result = fish and

invertebrate habitat reduced

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Technical basis for clauses (R21)

e) Sediment condition of Section 5.5.4 of the proposed Plan excluded as it generally will not be met f) To reduce detrimental changes to the shape of the bed and banks g) To reduce the rate at which fish and invertebrates are stranded during clearing (current wording to prescriptive) h) To reduce mortality rates of fish and kōura removed from drains during clearing

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Technical basis for clauses (R21)

i) To reduce the risk of the sediment removed from drains during clearing re-entering the waterway j) To ensure that refuge areas are provided in cleared reaches, so that fish and invertebrates do not have leave in order to find cover k) To ensure that short sections of plants are left at the downstream end of cleared reaches to trap sediment (does not currently achieve this)

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Improvements to clauses (R21)

f) Allow for deepening and widening of the channel to allow construction of artificial fish refuge structures (links to j) g) Should be deleted as it may be detrimental in some instances h) Should be amended to ensure that kākahi (freshwater mussels) are also recovered from spoil during drain clearing operations

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Improvements to clauses (R21)

i) Could be improved by ensuring that spoil is placed in a way that allows trapped fish and kōura to make their own way back to the stream j) Could be improved by providing alternatives to the partial clearance:

– Retention of entirely un-cleared sections at regular intervals along the targeted reach; and – the construction of fish refuge bays

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Improvements to clauses (R21)

k) Could be improved by:

– Stipulating that to minimise downstream sediment transport, an un-cleared section

  • f aquatic plants should be left at the

downstream end of cleared reaches – Allowing for a range of different methods to be used to trap sediment released during drain clearing operations

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Stream reclamation provisions

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Extent of piping

  • The Kumutoto, Pipitea, Tiakiwai,

Tutaenui, Waipiro, and Waitangi streams all piped

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Extent of piping

  • The Kumutoto, Pipitea, Tiakiwai,

Tutaenui, Waipiro, and Waitangi streams all piped

  • 12.79 km piped between 2003 and

2008

  • 2.4 km of piping allowed under just

three consents since notification

  • Headwater streams most affected
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Value of headwater streams

  • The character of a river reach is

determined by the state of all the tributaries upstream, including small headwaters

  • Headwaters:

– Are a key source of food in downstream environments – Regulate downstream water quality – PROVIDE HABITAT…

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Value of headwater streams

  • The character of a river reach is

determined by the state of all the tributaries upstream, including small headwaters

  • Headwaters:

– Are a key source of food in downstream environments – Regulate downstream water quality – PROVIDE HABITAT…

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Headwater streams & habitat

  • Important contributors of habitat

quantity

  • Likely make up at least 50% of stream

length in the Wellington Region

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Headwater streams & habitat

  • Habitats provided by headwater streams

differ based on:

– Hydrology; – Morphology; and – Riparian cover

  • Headwater streams provide diversity at the

regional, catchment and stream scale

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Headwaters as contributors to biodiversity

  • Habitat diversity among headwaters =

high invertebrate diversity

  • Headwaters supports different

macroinvertebrate communities to the larger waterways downstream

  • In the Wellington Region headwater

streams contribute to overall regional biodiversity

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Effects of piping

  • Degrades habitat and reduces food

availability, thereby decreasing species diversity and abundance

  • Reduces water quality and increases

flood risk downstream

  • Can impede fish passage
  • Cumulative effects
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Effects of piping

  • Degrades habitat and reduces food

availability, thereby decreasing species diversity and abundance

  • Reduces water quality and increases

flood risk downstream

  • Can impede fish passage
  • Cumulative effects