Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 30, 2023 350 likes •773 views

Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of the Loop? Sanna Pampel GOTO Conference London October 2016 GOTO Conference London October 2016 Why automation? By Marco Verch - Polizeiwagen Unfall, CC BY 2.0 GOTO

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Automated Driving Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of the Loop?

Sanna Pampel

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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GOTO Conference London October 2016

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GOTO Conference London October 2016

By Marco Verch - Polizeiwagen Unfall, CC BY 2.0

Why automation?

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GOTO Conference London October 2016

Why automation?

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GOTO Conference London October 2016

Why automation?

By User: Anonyme - Own work, CC BY 2.5

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Definitions

Automated Teamwork between car and driver Takeover initiated by driver Handover initiated by vehicle Autonomous No control from outside, driverless

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

By Rmhermen - Transferred from en.wikipedia

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

By Nozilla - Transferred from en.wikipedia

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

By OSX - Transferred from en.wikipedia

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

By Tesla Motors Inc. - Tesla Motors Inc.

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

By Grendelkhan - Transferred from en.wikipedia

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Vehicle automation levels

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

SAE document J3016, see http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401 GOTO Conference London October 2016

Door Maurits Vink - Transferred from en.wikipedia

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Vehicle automation state-of-the-art

  • Audi level 2 (level 3 on

market in 2017)

  • Mercedes level 2 (three

level 3 truck platoons)

  • Tesla level 3

GOTO Conference London October 2016

  • Google car level 3/4
  • Level 5 not for another 10 years1

Tesla Motors Inc.

Department for Transport: 'The pathway to driverless cars: summary report and action plan' (DfT, 2015)

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Level 3 requires a responsible ‘driver’

  • Fatigue and mindwandering
  • Long takeover times
  • Degradation of skills
  • Trust and complacency
  • Misuse

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Solution?

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  • Keeping them in the

loop

  • Encouraging manual
  • perations
  • Handover depending
  • n driver state

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver

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  • Keeping them in the

loop

  • Encouraging manual
  • perations
  • Handover depending
  • n driver state

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver

Still so many problems!

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  • Keeping them in the

loop

  • Encouraging manual
  • perations
  • Handover depending
  • n driver state

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Re-engaging the driver

First fatalities in level 3 automation

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Jump to full automation

Level 5 Full automation Level 4 High automation Level 3 Conditional automation Level 2 Partial automation Level 1 Assisted Level 0 No automation

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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  • Volvo testing by 2017
  • Tesla

– By 2018

  • Ford

– By 2021

  • BMW iNext by 2021

And the human factor?

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Jump to full automation

BMW iNext

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Humans in vehicles

  • Trust
  • Experiences
  • Communication with car
  • Non-driving activities
  • Driving pleasure

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Humans outside of vehicles

  • Safety
  • Trust
  • Predictability and communication with ‘driver’
  • Transition period

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Traffic environment

  • Ethics
  • Travel quality and time
  • Lifestyles

– Mobility improvement and inclusivity

  • Connected vehicles
  • Misuse

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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  • Maintenance
  • Knowing driver state

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Artificial Intelligence

  • Adapting to driver’s goals

– Personalisation

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  • Learn human bad habits

– Google car accident

  • Adaptation over time

– Will humans understand the car’s behaviour changes?

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Artificial Intelligence

Photograph taken by Polimerek in MIT Mus.

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Artificial Intelligence

  • Shall autonomous cars drive like humans or

machines?

– Better version of ourselves? – Disappointed inevitable

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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Addressing the challenges

  • Fully autonomous cars not existing yet

– Only in limited areas

  • Many questions

How can we find answers now?

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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  • Explore problem
  • Find research questions

GOTO Conference London October 2016

  • Answer might not involve full scenario
  • More opportunities as cars become

increasingly automated

Human factors exploring solutions

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  • Promise of safety and increased road capacity
  • Partially automated vehicles are an exciting

human factors research field

  • However, engaging/re-engaging the driver is

difficult, and potentially dangerous

  • Hence, announcements of fully autonomous

vehicles

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Take aways

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  • Human factors challenges remain

– Human in vehicles – Humans outside of vehicles – Traffic environment

  • Challenges posed by AI
  • Research efforts to tackle questions before

autonomous vehicles are widely in use

GOTO Conference London October 2016

Take aways

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Automated Driving - Are we taking the Human Factors Researcher out of the Loop?

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No, we still need to consider the human factor!

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GOTO Conference London October 2016

Sanna Pampel @sannapampel @HFRG_UoN

GOTO Conference London October 2016

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GOTO Conference London October 2016