MSFD Assessment of fish David Connor European Commission, DG Environment Brussels HELCOM fish indicator workshop 10 May 2016, Gothenburg, SE
Relevant Descriptors: • Descriptor 3: Commercial fish and shellfish • Populations of all commercially exploited fish and shellfish are within safe biological limits, exhibiting a population age and size distribution that is indicative of a healthy stock. • Descriptor 1: Biodiversity • Biological diversity is maintained. The quality and occurrence of habitats and the distribution and abundance of species are in line with prevailing physiographic, geographic and climatic conditions. • Descriptor 4: Food-webs • All elements of the marine food webs, to the extent that they are known, occur at normal abundance and diversity and levels capable of ensuring the long-term abundance of the species and the retention of their full reproductive capacity.
Assessment framework
Assessment of specific pressures and their impacts on ecosystem elements (Art. 8.1b) Assessment of ecosystem elements (Art. 8.1a) D2 D8 D3 Bird Reptiles D9 fishing groups (turtles) (D1) (D1) Benthic Mammal broad D5 D10 groups habitats (D1) (D1, 6) Pelagic D6 Fish broad D7 D11 groups loss habitats (D1, 3) (D1) D6 Other pressures damage
Assessments of pressures for Article 8(1b) D10 D11 D8, D6, D5 D9 D2 D3 D6 D7 - Decision outline Non-Indigenous Contaminants other energy Extraction of Primary criterion Sound and Nutrients damage Physical Physical Species Secondary criterion species Other Litter loss D8C1 D10C1 Annex III P Table 2a D11C1 D2C1 (Total D6C3 D5C1 D8C3 D6C1 D10C2 S D11C2 catch) D2C2 D7C1 D9C1 D10C3 D1C1 Assessments of state for Article D1C2 D1 D1C3 Species D3C1 D8C2 D1C4 D10C4 ? ? ? ? D2C3 D3 groups D8C4 D3C4 D3C2 D3C3 Pelagic D5C2 D8C2 D5C3 D1 broad D1C6 ? ? ? ? D2C3 8(1a) D8C4 D5C4 habitats D5C5 D1C5 D1 D5C6 Benthic D1C6 D3C1 D5C7 D8C2 D3 broad ? D6C2 ? D2C3 D7C2 D8C4 D3C4 D5C8 D3C2 habitats D6 D5C9 D3C3 D4C1 D5C2 D1 Eco- D4C2 ? ? ? ? D5C3 D4 systems D4C3 D5C8 D4C4
Revised Decision on GES criteria (2010/477/EU)
Descriptor 3: commercial fish and shellfish in Decision proposal v3 (4/5/2016) Commercially-exploited fish and shellfish, including all stocks that are managed under Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013.
Criteria for commercial fish and shellfish Decision proposal v3 (4 May 2016) D3C1: The fishing mortality rate (F) of populations of commercially-exploited species is at or below levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield, or an appropriate proxy, as established by appropriate scientific bodies as referred to in Article 26 of Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013. D3C2: The spawning stock biomass (SSB) of populations of commercially exploited species is above biomass levels capable of producing maximum sustainable yield, as established by appropriate scientific bodies as referred to in Article 26 of Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013. D3C3: Age and size distribution of individuals in the populations of commercially- exploited species matches at least the best available historical data that is indicative of a healthy population (stock). This should include a high proportion of old/large individuals and reduced adverse effects of exploitation on genetic diversity. Threshold values shall be set for each species or population (stock) within each region or subregion by appropriate scientific bodies as referred to in Article 26 of Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013.
Criteria relationships CFP MSFD Decision D3 MSFD Decision D1 D1C1 Distribution = Fishing mortality (F D3C1 Fishing mortality [D3C4 Incidental catch or equivalent) (F or equivalent) mortality] = = Spawning stock D3C2 Spawning stock biomass (SSB or biomass (SSB or D1C2 Population size equivalent) equivalent) = D3C3 Age and size D1C3 Population structure demographics D1C4 Habitat for the species Data collection via EU-MAP for commercial species and effects of fishing on ecosystem
Scale: Pressure: D3C1-C3 Population (stock) Total catch assessment areas (commercial and D3C4 – as per Descriptor 1 non-commercial species) Extent to which GES is achieved Catch biomass or D3C1 numbers Species A – F mortality D3C2 Commercial species A Species A – SSB biomass Descriptor 3 Status, based on D3C3 criteria used Species A - a ge/size Commercial fish structure and shellfish D3C1 Species B – F mortality Commercial species B Number of species D3C2 Status, based on Species B – SSB biomass achieving criteria used threshold values D3C3 Species B - a ge/size structure Primary criterion, elements D3C4 Key: Non-commercial species D D3C4 - mortality Secondary criterion Non-commercial species Number of individuals D3C4 by-caught per species Non-commercial species E Informs D1C2 - mortality
Clear outcomes of assessments: status and trends Example: commercial fish (from CFP assessments, prepared by EEA)
D4 D1 Bird group 1 Bird group 2 Bird group 3 Bird group 4 D1 Coastal Shelf Ocean/deep sea Mammal Mammal Mammal D1 group 1 group 2 group 3 Pelagic habitats Cephalopod Cephalopod D1 Turtles group 1 group 2 D1, Fish group 1 Fish group 2 Fish group 3 Fish group 4 D3 D1, 6 Benthic habitats
Species Groups Ecosystem component Species groups Grazing birds Wading birds Birds Surface-feeding birds Pelagic-feeding birds Benthic-feeding birds Small toothed cetaceans Deep-diving toothed cetaceans Mammals Baleen whales Seals Reptiles Turtles Coastal fish Pelagic shelf fish Fish Demersal shelf fish Deep-sea fish Coastal/shelf cephalopods Cephalopods Deep-sea cephalopods
Scale: D11C1, D11C2 D1C1 Region or subregion Impulsive noise, Distributional range & continuous noise pattern Fish species D3C1 Extent to which GES is D1C2 A - Catch mortality - F achieved Population size commercial D3C2 D1C3 SSB – Stock biomass Status, based Population demographic on criteria characteristics D3C3 used Age & size structure Descriptor 1 D1C4 Habitat for the species D6C2 Habitat damage Fish species group 1 D6C3 Habitat loss (demersal) D1C1 D7C2 Distributional range & Hydrographical Proportion pattern changes Fish species (number, %) of B – non- D1C2 Other pressures and species in group commercial impacts – Table 2a Population size in good status D1C3 Status, based Population demographic on criteria characteristics used Pressure & impact Primary criterion, D1C4 outcomes inform Habitat for the species required elements D1 Key: Fish species Secondary criterion C - commercial Regionally-agreed integration method Regionally-agreed Status, based of criteria to integration method on criteria species of species to group used
Scale: (Sub)region: coastal, shelf, oceanic/beyond shelf D4C3 Species composition & Extent to which GES is relative abundance achieved Species composition, and abundance per species Example guilds D4C1 Abundance Descriptors Trophic guild A Total abundance 1 and 4 Primary producers (number or (phytoplankton) biomass) of guild Ecosystems, D4C4 including food- Productivity webs Trophic guild B Productivity rate of guild Sub-apex pelagic predators (fish, birds, mammals) D4C2 Size distribution Primary criterion Key: Size distribution across all Secondary criterion individuals Trophic guild C Apex predators (birds, mammals)
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