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Asian Development Banks Experience and Ap Appr proaches oaches in in As Assessing sessing En Envir vironme onment nt Andr drew Bruba baker r and d Garrett tt Kilroy Independent Evaluation Department, Asian Development Bank

SLIDE 1

Asian Development Bank’s Experience and Ap Appr proaches

aches in

in As Assessing sessing En Envir vironme

nment

nt

Andr drew Bruba baker r and d Garrett tt Kilroy

Independent Evaluation Department, Asian Development Bank Third d Internat ernationa

nal Conference

erence on Evalua aluati ting g Envir ironme nment nt and Devel elopment

pment

Prague, Czech Republic | October 2019

SLIDE 2

Ind ndepe pende ndent nt Eval aluation uation De Depa partm tment ent (IED) D) Org Organizat anization ional al Str Structure cture at at ADB DB

AD ADB Board d of Direct ector

Compliance Review Panel Independent Evaluation Department

Operations

Sector and Project Division Thematic and Country Division

Preside sident nt

Development Effectiveness Committee

SLIDE 3

Corporate Thematic Country Sector Projects

EVALUATION TION TYPE PE

Hig Highe her-Le Level el Evalua aluation tions s Rela lated ed to En

Envir

ironme

nment

nt

Corporate Thematic Country

SLIDE 4

Cha halle llenges nges for

r Ass

ssessing essing th the Envir ironme

nment

nt in in Hig Highe her r Le Level el Evalu aluatio ations ns

 Lower level evaluations do not systematically address environment  Portfolio data and results frameworks don’t capture Env well  Inconsistent and limited data  Poor or absent baselines  Limited time and resources

SLIDE 5

App pproa

ache

hes s for

r Ass

ssessin ssing g th the Envir ironme

nment

nt in in Hig Highe her r Le Level el Evalu aluatio ations ns

Statistical analysis Secondary data Portfolio review Cost benefit analysis Remote sensing

SLIDE 6

Secondary Data: Natural Disasters

Source: https://www.emdat.be/publications

Secondary data

SLIDE 7

Environmentally Sustainable Growth (2016): Portfolio Review

31 31 41 41 28 28

Results: Extent ESG by percent

fully partially marginally

ESG Fina nanci ncing ng in ADB Sovereign eign Operati tions ns, , 2004-2014

Portfolio review

SLIDE 8

Environmentally Sustainable Growth Agenda: Comparison of India and PRC

Portfolio review

33% 60% 27% 66% 96% 100% 43% 100% Agriculture and Natural Resources Energy Transport, and Information and Communication Technology Water and other Municipal Infrastructure and Services

ESG Appr provals als for India ia and the People

ple's

's Republi public c of China, ina, by Four r Sect ctor

s, 2004 04--

2014

ESG share of total financing in India ESG share of total financing in the People's Republic of China

SLIDE 9

9 Source: NASA Source: IED

Country Evaluation: PRC

Perio iod Shar are e of ener ergy, , tran ansp spor

, urban ban Success ss rate e (%) (%) Shar are e of proj

ects ts with h envir ironm

nment

1998-2005 93% 97% < 50% 2006-2013 81% 100% > 90%

Energy Coal Clean coal and solar power Urban Water supply access Wastewater treatment and reuse Transport Roads and highways Sustainable mass transport, rail, BRT

Secondary data Portfolio review

SLIDE 10

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

2000 2005 2010 2017

NDVI

Normal malized ized Di Differ erence ence Vegetat ation ion Index x (NDVI) I) for Rice e Yields ds

Boro (pre-harvest) Aman (pre-harvest)

Project 1 SSWRDSP Project 2 PSSWRSP

Average NDVI 2000 Average NDVI 2017

Yield Increase

Strategic Application of Remote Sensing

Remote sensing

SLIDE 11

Wetland Restoration in Sanjiang Plain

5,000

10,000 15,000 20,000 2000 2006 2011 2017 Hectares

Qixi xing nghe he Nature ure Reserve Land d Cover er

Wetland Agriculture Grassland Water bodies

Project Implementation Period

Remote sensing

SLIDE 12

Cost Benefit Analysis: Safeguards Evaluation

Cost benefit analysis

Benefits and Costs of the With and Without Safeguards Scenarios

Net benefits from previously unvalued impacts of safeguards for road construction Project construction start Period before the project Project construction ends Without safeguards With limited safeguards With safeguards Safeguards value added to limited safeguards scenario Safeguards value added to without safeguards scenario Project timeline

SLIDE 13

Key Messages

 Robust standard methodologies and triangulation remain the cornerstone of thematic and corporate evaluations and can be applied to the environment  Spaced-based technologies and other forms of data analysis, used appropriately and cost-effectively, can add value to standard approaches, increase efficiency of evaluations and improve the weight of evidence  Shifting baselines due to land-use and climate influences will drive greater use of these technologies in evaluation

SLIDE 14