Annotating characters' emotions in drama Rossana Damiano Vincenzo - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Annotating characters' emotions in drama

Rossana Damiano Vincenzo Lombardo Antonio Pizzo Cristina Battaglino

Introduction

• Emotions are one of the distinctive feature of

drama

• Annotation of narrative contents

– For example, the information about characters emotions

• Rule-based approach to annotate characters

emotions

OCC Appraisal theory

• According to appraisal theories, emotions

arise from an evaluation of a situation.

Evaluation of events Well-being emotions Joy Distress Evaluation of actions Attribution emotions Pride, Self-reproach Admiration, Reproach Compound emotions

Remorse (Ditress + Self-reproach) Gratification (Joy + Pride) Anger (Ditress + Reproach) Gratitude (Joy + Admiration)

Goals Values

Modeling emotions

• In order to annotate emotions, we need to

define an appraisal derivation model and an affect derivation model

Situation Appraisal variables Affective State Appraisal Derivation Model Affect Derivation Model

Characters with value and goals

Mental State

g(Ac, Sc, Fc,) Vn(Vc)

Beliefs

A set of literals in first order logic style

Values

A scale of values

v1 v2 … vn

Values at Stake Goals

Affective State

Derived from a set of domain-independent appraisal rules based on values and goals processing

Appraisal and Affect derivation with values

Desirability Adopted goal Adopted goal Value at Stake Balanced value Undesirability Praiseworthiness Blameworthiness Actions satisfying goals Actions threating goals Actions re-establishing values Actions putting at stake values Achieved goal Unachieved goal Balanced value Value at stake

JOY DISTRESS PRIDE ADMIRATION SELF-REPROACH REPROACH Appraisal derivation model Affect derivation model

Methodology

• Test the model of value-based moral appraisal on

stories

• Translate the model into appraisal rules
• Apply rules to stories to verify if congruent

emotions are generated for the characters

• Rely on semantically annotated stories, with

SWRL rules for moral appraisal

Drammar Ontology

• Character behavior encoded in a semantic

format

• Reuse of this knowledge in agent- based

application

• Drammar ontology assumes that a story can

be segmented in a sequence of units

feels hasValue triggers unachiavableDueTo

• wner

intends features incidentFeatures featuresAgent featuresProcess containsEvent enactedBy featuresGoal committedTo atStake hasValueAtStake featuresAgentInState hasPrecondition / hasEffect AgentInState Hamlet StoryState Consequent Agent Hamlet GoalOfAgentInState Intends Ophelia Nunnery State Goal Intends Ophelia Nunnery Emotion Anger ValueAtStake HonestyAtStake Unit “ Where is Your Father?” Value Honesty AgentInUnit Ophelia_Unit Action Lying UnitIncident Agent Ophelia

Drammar Ontology Unit

Emotions in Drammar

• Characters' emotions are established in the effects of

the unit as a consequence of the appraisal process.

• SWRL rules for the activation of emotions in agents.
• Emotion type generated:

– Well-being: joy, distress. – Attribution: pride, shame, reproach, admiration. – Compound emotions: anger, gratification, remorse, gratitude.

SWRL Rules and Appraisal

Person-enviroment relation (beliefs, goals, etc.) Appraisal variables Affective State Appraisal Derivation Model Affect Derivation Model SWRL Antecedent SWRL Consequent

Distress

• The Distress SWRL rule

antecedent fires when:

– an agent’s goals in the preconditions of the unit; – the appraised event (action or external event), that makes the goal unachievable ;

Goals Achievable Story State Precondition Goals Unachievable Story State Effect Unit (action or external event)

Reproach

• The Reproach SWRL

rule antecedent fires when:

– an agent’s value not at stake in the preconditions of the unit ; – the appraised action, executed by another agent in the unit, putting the value at stake in the effects of the unit.

Value at stake Story State Precondition Story State Effect someone’s else blameworthy action Balanced Value

A compound emotion - Anger

Goal unachievable Story State Precondition Story State Effect someone’s else blameworthy action Goal achievable Balanced Value Unit (action

• r external

event) Value at stake

Example and Validation

• French writer and dramatist Georges Polti
• Our example is

– taken from the Nunnery Scene of Hamlet, Shakespeare – Hamlet and Ophelia are the involved characters

• Ophelia is sent to Hamlet by Polonius and Claudius to confirm the

assumption that his madness is caused by his rejected love. In the middle

• f the scene Hamlet puts Ophelia on a test to verify her loyalty. Because

he guesses (correctly) that the two conspirators are hidden behind the curtain, he asks the girl to reveal where her father Polonius is. She decides to lie and replies that he is at home.

• We model the climactic story segment in which Ophelia decides to lie

about Polonius’s location

feels hasValue triggers unachiavableDueTo

• wner

intends features incidentFeatures featuresAgent featuresProcess containsEvent enactedBy featuresGoal committedTo atStake hasValueAtStake featuresAgentInState hasPrecondition / hasEffect AgentInState Hamlet StoryState Consequent Agent Hamlet GoalOfAgentInState Intends Ophelia Nunnery State Goal Intends Ophelia Nunnery Emotion Anger ValueAtStake HonestyAtStake Unit “ Where is Your Father?” Value Honesty AgentInUnit Ophelia_Unit Action Lying UnitIncident Agent Ophelia

Nunnery Scene in Drammar

Hamlet feels Anger

Goal unachiavable Story State Precondition Story State Effect someone’s else blameworthy action Goal achievable Balanced Value Undesirabl e event Value at stake

Emotion inferred by SWRL rules in Protegè

Conclusion

• Relying on the notion of value, we proposed a general

model of value–based appraisal of actions, an intrinsically interpersonal dimension in emotion generation.

• We implemented our model as a set of SWRL rules on the

top of an ontology

• Through the model we propose, a range of emotional

states can be elicited, depending on the agent’s subjective and shared values, and the generation of empathic emotions can be traded-off against the moral dimension of appraisal.