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The future of science, food regulation and dealing with the fear Martin Cole | Deputy Director of Agriculture and Food 5 th March 2019 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD Outline Global food megatrends and food safety Emerging science and impact on

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The future of science, food regulation and dealing with the fear

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

Martin Cole | Deputy Director of Agriculture and Food 5th March 2019

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Outline

  • Global food megatrends and food safety
  • Emerging science and impact on food regulation
  • Food, the consumer and managing the fear
  • Roadmap towards modernisation

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A LESS PREDICTABLE PLANET HEALTH ON THE MIND CHOOSEY CUSTOMERS SMARTER FOOD CHAINS ONE WORLD

Food and Agribusiness Megatrends

Source(s): CSIRO Futures 2017 Food and Agribusiness A Roadmap for unlocking value-adding growth opportunities for Australia

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So Where Do We Focus For Future Growth?

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CSIRO Futures 2017. Food and Agribusiness: A Roadmap unlocking growth opportunities for Australia

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Traceability and provenance Food safety and biosecurity Market intelligence and access

ENABLER

  • Blockchain
  • DNA-testing
  • Isotope analysis
  • Barcoding and image recognition technologies
  • Hybrid high pressure processing
  • Advanced packaging
  • Microwave assisted thermal sterilisation
  • Blockchain and bio-sensing
  • Sensors and data analytics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • E-commerce for perishable products

EXAMPLE S&T SOLUTIONS

Source(s): CSIRO Futures 2017 Food and Agribusiness A Roadmap for unlocking value-adding growth opportunities for Australia

Enablers and the role for technology

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Food Safety: A Global Public Health Issue

  • 31 foodborne hazards resulted in 33 million DALYS (Disability

Adjusted Life Years) in 2010 – Shows considerable impact of contaminated food

  • WHO (2012) – key hazards & risk factors:

– Malaria: 55 million DALYs – Tuberculosis: 44 million DALYs – (HIV/AIDS: 92 million DALYs)

Burden of FBD at 33 million DALYs

  • f similar magnitude to at least 2 of Africa’s biggest

infectious diseases

Ministerial level

Lucia Anelich

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Jane McGrath "10 Costly Food Recalls" 12 March 2009. HowStuffWorks.com. <http://money.howstuffworks.com/10-food-recalls.htm> 20 November 2016

1992 E.coli Hamburgers 100s cases, 4 deaths >$160 million 1996 E.coli Apple juice 10s cases 1 death >$12 million 1998 Listeria sliced meats 100s cases, 21 deaths >$100 million 2006 E.coli Spinach, 100s cases 3 deaths, $350 million 2007 Salmonella peanut butter 600 cases, no deaths $133 million 2007 Melamine pet foods 14 pet deaths >$74 million Salmonella not tomatoes, $250 million Salmonella peanut products 600 cases, 9 deaths $70 million

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Food Safety a top concern to Chinese Public 2015

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Source(s):USCBC 2016 Food Safety in China; Pew Research Center 2015 China Report

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Food Safety Scares have led to major reforms at national and international levels

  • BSE, dioxin, EFSA, EU
  • Fresh produce, Peanut Butter, botulism, FSMA, US
  • Contaminated beef, slice meats, Safe Food for Canadians, Canada
  • Fake foods, microbial and chemical contamination, FSL, China

New Risk Management Framework, ICMSF/CODEX Emergence of Private Standards

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Production & Primary Handling Processing & Packaging Distribution & Shelf-life

Minimizing initial levels Reducing levels Minimizing an increase in levels Minimum Standards

Water management Choice of fertilizer Sanitation of equipment Rapid cooling Hygiene of personnel Monitoring Processing & Washing steps Environmental surveillance Monitoring Temperature management Choice of storage atmosphere Shelf-life Monitoring

Risk-based use of preventative controls in the production chain of fresh produce

Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs) Good Manufacturing Practice (GMPs) Hazard Analysis Critical Control (HACCP) Performance Standards Guidelines/Regulations Testimony before the US House of Representatives "Food and Drug Administration Globalization Act of 2009”, March 11, 2009

10

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The Omics Revolution and Food Safety R&D

Whole Cell Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Epigenetics Metagenomics Detection of pathogens in mixed cultures Subtyping; characterization of new and emerging pathogens and transmission routes Situation-specific phenotypic traits Characterising response to stress

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Food Safety: In a State of Transformation Prepared by Cornerstone Capital Group for the Investor Responsibility Research Center Institute July 2016

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Maximum Specific Growth Rate (h-1)

Isolate

Behavior and survival:

  • growth at low temperature

Genomics and Listeria monocytogenes survival

Genomics and informatics: identify genes responsible More targeted controls

100 200 300

3 1 204 121 155 2 9 324 122 120 4 7

Number of isolates

Genotype No.

Australia

Ecology: Australian and global genotypes

Unique Australian genotypes

Epidemiology of genotypes:

  • clinical vs food sources
  • not all genotypes clinically relevant
  • genotypes from meat and fruit overlap

with clinical more than dairy Evidence based regulation Identify risks F&N Science and Impact Review 2015_Feeding Megacities | Narelle Fegan 14 |

(Narelle Fegan and CSIRO Food Safety team)

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http://www.perkinelmer.com/catalog/product/id/lx100952-a

(John DeVries, Medallion Labs, NCFST Annual Meeting 2010)

Enhanced analytical techniques and screening for chemical contaminants

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New Assessment techniques for chemical contaminants

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Intervention studies, human biomarkers and Acrylamide Re-assessment based on epidemiology Gerhard Eisenbrand

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Foods for 2025 ?

Various sources, Google Images

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Sustainability – Initiatives & Need

18 | Source(s): CB Insights 2018 The Future Of Protein I www.un.org I WRI 2016 Shifting Diets for a Sustainable Food Future

The Food Gap

Taking into account a growing population and shifting diets, the world will need to produce 69% more food calories in 2050 than we did in 2006.

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Alternative Proteins Landscape

19 | Source(s): CB Insights 2018 The Future of Protein

  • These start-ups are shifting away from animal-based

protein sources to develop everything from plant-based burgers to dairy-free cheeses to imitation shrimp, and more.

  • Meat and dairy substitutes have seen especially strong

momentum in this space

  • Startups are disrupting the meat production value chain

through the development of high-tech protein products — threatening established players like Tyson, which is an aggressive participant in the alternative protein movement.

  • Meat substitute start-ups are not only competing with

prepared and frozen meats, but are also creating alternative snacks.

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New Food Processing Technologies

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Microwave Pulsed Electric Fields High Pressure Cool Plasma Ultrasonics/ Megasonics

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Juices and beverages 13% Vegetable products 34% Meat products 30% Seafood and fish 14% Other products 9%

Source: Andrew Gibb, Coldpress

High Pressure Technology going mainstream

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New Breeding Technologies

(Allan Green)

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N2 NH3

Transformative GM Technologies

Pest-resistant legumes Biofortified foods Novel oils Fixing Heterosis through Apomixis Broad-spectrum Disease Resistance Nitrogen- Fixing Plants Boosting photosynthesis

(John Manners)

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Top trends in digital transformation in food and agriculture sector

  • Harmonised food safety information
  • Big data analytics
  • Rapid detection methods
  • Advanced food safety software
  • Emerging food safety technological innovations

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(Frost and Sulivan)

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(I)IoT – (Industrial) Internet of Things

25 | Source(s): F&S 2017 IIoT in Agriculture I Inductive Automation (https://inductiveautomation.com/what-is-iiot)

IoT is a network of intelligent computers, devices, and

  • bjects that collect and share huge amounts of data.

The collected data is sent to a central Cloud-based service where it is aggregated with other data and then shared with end users in a helpful way.

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Supply chain integrity

26 | Source(s): F&S 2017 IIoT In Agriculture I F&S 2018 Traceable Value Chains and Authentication in the APAC Food Industry - Forecast to 2023 I UN https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs

Ag Tech Traceable Value Chain Farm to Fork – Requires integrating Ag Tech and Traceable Value Chain solutions through IoT. “On-farm” “Post-harvest”

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CSIRO’s Supply Chain Integrity Digital Plus Domain Platform

BIOLOGICAL PROVENANCE DIGITAL TRACEABILITY EVENT & PROCESS VERIFICATION REGULATORY AUTOMATION PRIVACY/TRUST MANAGEMENT

… being able to prove the origin

  • f biological product based on

nuclear and elements . Eg. this is not Australian meat.

National Impact

  • Strong proof of origin
  • Fraud prevention & verification
  • Aust Brand value reinforcement

Enabling Science

  • Nuclear & molecular profiles
  • Isotopic & element (soil/water)

… connecting physical and digital products. Eg. identifiers to enable digital traceability. National Impact

  • Industry efficiency gains
  • Improved competitiveness
  • Product differentiation
  • Decommoditisation

Enabling Science

  • Cyberphysical – IoT/signaling
  • Optics/patterns/ML & AI

…. making global standards for trade (GS1-EPCIS) more accessible and trustworthy National Impact

  • Reduce complexity of business
  • Improved industry efficiency
  • More competitive trade partner

Enabling Science

  • Cryptographic engineering
  • Blockchain and process oriented

dependability

…. automated compliance linking digital laws/rules with process events. National Impact

  • Reduced regulatory burden
  • Cost savings and efficiency
  • Ease of doing business
  • Industry competitiveness

Enabling Science

  • Legal informatics/semantics
  • AI and ML

… protecting data disclosures – enabling people/business to share data insight without releasing sensitive information. National Impact

  • Reduced privacy concerns
  • Improved access to industry

data

  • Enhanced trust in government

Enabling Science

  • Partial homomorphic

encryption

  • AI/ML

Supply Chain Integrity Challenge - Impact Analysis and Strategy

(CSIRO, Data61)

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thumpandwhip.com Daily Mail.co.uk

Food Safety & Outrage

http://www.welt.de/vermischtes/weltgeschehen/article13467030/An-der- 5800-Euro-Ampulle-haengt-die-Hoffnung.html

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Social media and the food consumer

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(Andreas Duenser and team)

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Consumer sentiment before & after “needles in strawberries”

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Before During Shortly after After (Andreas Duenser and team)

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The Public, Science and Technology

(Google Images)

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Learning from others, US

“...the most sweeping reform of our food safety laws in more than 70 years...” – FDA

  • Involves creation of a new food safety system
  • Broad prevention mandate and accountability
  • New system of import oversight
  • Emphasizes partnerships
  • Emphasizes farm-to-table responsibility
  • Developed through broad coalition

Food Safety Modernization Act

(Katie Swanson, ICMSF)

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Learning from others, NZ

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(Nigel French, NZFSSRC)

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National Food Safety in transition

  • Foodborne illness reduction strategy
  • National traceability project
  • Food export task force
  • Food safety ‘modernisation’

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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/fr/publishing.nsf/Content/3139DD4B7DF3E23ACA25822F0004BFDD/$File/AusFIRS18-22CD.pdf

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Stage 1: Basic interoperability standards

Towards a National Food Data Roadmap

Enhancing Australia’s world-class agricultural traceability systems| CSIRO\Data61 35 |

  • Unlocking public/private data
  • Harmonizing data across

sectors & value chain.

  • Multi-purpose, QA, Regtech,

traceability, biosecurity

  • Links to other industry

sectors, banks, insurance

For example …..

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Stage 1: Basic interoperability standards

Towards a National Food Data Roadmap

Enhancing Australia’s world-class agricultural traceability systems| CSIRO\Data61 36 |

  • Enhanced access and sharing
  • f sensitive data through

privacy preserving techniques

  • Whole genome sequencing of

foodborne pathogens fingerprinting

  • Data sharing results in

improvement in food safety

  • Management of litigation risk

to industry and market access for international food trade

For example …..

Stage 2: Sensitive & private data

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Stage 1: Basic interoperability standards

Towards a National Food Data Roadmap

Enhancing Australia’s world-class agricultural traceability systems| CSIRO\Data61 37 |

  • Development of shared digital

infrastructures (public/private) creates new innovations and markets

  • Supports SMEs seeking export
  • Industry monitoring systems

supporting change in industry

  • Better management of toxic

data risks

For example …..

Stage 2: Sensitive & private data Stage 3: Smart digital infrastructure

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Stage 1: Basic interoperability standards

Towards a National Food Data Roadmap

Enhancing Australia’s world-class agricultural traceability systems| CSIRO\Data61 38 |

  • Moving from inspection to

verification

  • Efficient food export

processes and unlocking of new markets

  • Linking physical world with

computer based systems

  • Proactive rather than reactive

systems in food recall scenarios

For example …..

Stage 2: Sensitive & private data Stage 3: Smart digital infrastructure

Stage 4: Continuous compliance

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Key elements to consider

  • ‘one health’ surveillance and monitoring/early warning system
  • co-ordinated food safety research program involving government,

academia and industry collaboration

  • food data road map for digital transformation
  • food traceability framework
  • collaborative regulatory review and modernisation program

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A national……

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Dr Martin Cole Deputy Director of Agriculture and Food t +61 2 9490 8465 E Martin.Cole@csiro.au w www.csiro.au

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

Thanks to:

Many contributors from CSIRO & ICMSF