An e xpe r i m e nt Ne w c our s e I T & Publ i - - PDF document

SLIDE 1

1

1

I T & Publ i c Pol i cy

Ed La zows ka , Uni ve r s i t y

• f

W a s hi ngt

• n

St e ve M a ur e r , UC Be r ke l ey

2

• Ne

w c

• ur

s e

• Ne

w i ns t r uc t

• r

col l a bor a t i

• n
• Ne

w s i t e s ( UCB a nd UCSD) j

• i

ni ng t wo pr e vi

• us

s i t e s ( UW a nd M i c r

• s
• f

t )

• Doubl

e t he num be r

• f

s i t e s

• Evol

vi ng t e c hnol

• gy

An e xpe r i m e nt

3

• ht

t p: / / www. c s . wa s hi ngt

• n.

e du/ e duc a t i

• n/

c

• ur

s e s / c s e p590t u/ 04a u/

– Announce m e nt s – Re a di ngs / s c he dul e – Le c t ur e a r c hi ve

• Ba

c kup f

• r

t e c hnol

• gy

gl i t c he s

– Pr

• j

e c t i nf

• r

m a t i

• n
• M or

e

• n

t hi s s hor t l y

Cour s e we b

4

• J
• i

n t hr

• ugh

t he c

• ur

s e we b

• Do

i t t

• day!
• Cur

r e nt l y ~34 UW , ~14 UCB, ~19 UCSD, ~9 ?

Thr e a de d e m a i l a r c hi ve

5

• Do

t he r e a di ng pr i

• r

t

• c

l a s s

• Pa

r t i c i pa t e i n c l a s s t

• t

he e xt e nt pos s i bl e gi ve n t he t e c hnol

• gy
• Pr
• duc

e a s m a l l

• gr
• up

t e r m pa pe r

– A “ bal a nce d pol i cy br i e f ”

• n

s

• m e

t

• pi

c wi t hi n t he I T & Publ i c Pol i cy s phe r e – W e wi l l wa i t a coupl e

• f

we e ks f

• r

cour s e e nr

• l

l m e nt t

• s

t a bi l i ze – W e wi l l us e a W i kit

• e

xcha nge i de as , f

• r

m gr

• ups a

nd wr i t epa pe r s

Cour s e e xpe c t a t i

• ns

6

Toni ght

• Ca

t c h t he de ba t e a t 11

SLIDE 2

2

7

An I nt r

• duc

t i

• n

t

• I

P La w a nd Ec

• nom i

c s

St e phe n M . M a ur e r Gol dm a n Sc hool

• f

Publ i c Pol i c y I T a nd Publ i c Pol i c y – Se pt . 30, 2004

8

Sof t wa r e Ha r dwa r e

Two Fr

• nt

i e r s

9

Sof t wa r e Ha r dwa r e

Two Fr

• nt

i e r s

10

W or k Bot h Si de s

• f

t he Pr

• bl

e m

Ope n Sour c e Da t a W a r e hous i ng Com put e r Se c ur i t y

I nc e nt i ve s a r e Powe r f ul !

Hor t a t

• r

y Sol ut i

• ns

& Laws

Two Fr

• nt

i e r s

11

Le ga l Tr a di t i

• n

Loc a l ( Nut s

• a

nd- Bol t s ) Opt i m i z at i

• n

I s

• I

s m

Ec

• nom i

c s Tr a di t i

• n

Gl

• ba

l ( Bi g Pi c t ur e) Opt i m i z a t i

• n

Pr e c i s i

• n

Two Se t s

• f

Tool s

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The Se c

• nd

Copy i s Che a p! J a r gon: “ Non- Ri va l ” ICa r e W ha t You Buy. Two The m e s

SLIDE 3

3

13

I nt e l l e c t ua l Pr

• pe

r t y ( “ I P” ) Ot he r R& D I ns t i t ut i

• ns

Appl i c a t i

• ns

. . . Da t a ba s e Pol i cy ( Pr i va t e

• Publ

i c Pa r t ne r s hi ps ) ( Ac a de m i c Ent r e pr e ne ur s ) M P =

14

Le ga l

A Ri ght To Exc l ude Som e Hi s t

• r

y

La t e M e di e val Or i gi ns St a t ut e

• f

M onopol i e s ( 1524) Pa t e nt & Tr a de m a r k Of f i c e Fas hi

• ns

i n I P La w

M a ny Type s

Pa t e nt s , Copyr i ght , SCPA, e t c .

M a ny Pr

• pos

a l s

Da t a bas e s

15

Subj e c t M a t t e r ? No. De f e nda nt W i ns Ye s . Li a bi l i t y ( I nf r i nge m e nt ) No. De f e nda nt W i ns Ye s . De f e ns e s & Exe m pt i

• ns

No. De f e nda nt W i ns Ye s . Re l i ef No. De f e nda nt W i ns Pl a i nt i f f W i ns Ye s !

Le ga l

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Le ga l

Subj e c t M a t t e r ? No. Ye s .

Subj e c t M a t t e r

Pa t e nt s :

* Pr

• duc

t s , Com pounds , M ac hi ne s , Pr

• ce

s s e s . . . ** Li f e , Bus i ne s s M e t hods , Sof t wa r e ? * Nove l t y

Copyr i ght :

* Expr e s s i

• n,

Not I de as * W r i t i ngs , Pl ays , M ovi e s , Di gi t al Audi

• .

. . ** Sof t wa r e ? * Cr e a t i vi t y

Ot he r St a t ut e s

• The

Publ i c Dom ai n

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Le ga l

Li a bi l i t y ( I nf r i nge m e nt ) No. Ye s .

Li a bi l i t y

Ba s i c Conc e pt s

Br e a dt h Dur a t i

• n

Pa t e nt s

Doc t r i ne

• f

Equi val e nt s 20 Ye a r s

Copyr i ght

Non- Li t e r al Si m i l a r i t y Li f e + 70 Ye a r s

18

Le ga l

De f e ns e s & Exe m pt i

• ns

No. Ye s .

De f e ns e s & Exe m pt i

• ns

Pa t e nt s

Re duc t i

• n

t

• Pr

a c t i ce , M i s us e , Fi r s t Sal e Rul e , Re s e a r c h, Dut y

• f

Candor , Es t

• ppe

l& La c he s .

Copyr i ght

I nde pe nde nt I nve nt i

• n,

Fi r s t Sal e , Fa i r Us e , M i s us e ( ? ) , Es t

• ppe

l& Lache s

SLIDE 4

4

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Le ga l

Re l i ef No. Ye s .

Re l i e f

Pa t e nt s & Copyr i ght

Dam age s Pr e l i m i na r y I nj unc t i

• ns

Pe r m a ne nt I nj unc t i

• ns

Exe m pl a r y & St a t ut

• r

y Dam age s

20

Tr a de Se c r e t s

A Di f f e r e nt Phi l

• s
• phy

. . . Subj e c t M at t er

Com m e r c i al l y Val ua bl e Se c r e t s

Li a bi l i t y

Se c r e cy, I m pr

• pe

r M e a ns , Dur a t i

• n

Re l i e f

Dam age s , “ He a ds t a r t ” I nj unc t i

• ns

Le ga l

21

A Choi c e

• f

M e t hods Dom i na nt Sol ut i

• n!

! ! W ha t Ar e W e Tr yi ng t

• Ac

c

• m pl

i s h? W ha t Ar e t he Be ne f i t s / Dr a wba c ks ? Ec

• nom i

c s

22

W ha t Ar e W e Tr yi ng t

• Ac

c

• m pl

i s h?

1. “ Nobody Ca n Be M a de Be t t e r Of f W i t hout M a ki ng Som e

• ne

El s e W or s e Of f . ” 2. M a xi m i z e Ne t Soc i a l Va l ue ( v- c ) > 3. Ol d Ec

• nom y

Pr e s c r i pt i

• n:

P = M C

Ec

• nom i

c s

23

W ha t Ar e W e Tr yi ng t

• Ac

com pl i s h? 1.Ex Pos t Ef f i ci e ncy –“ De a dwe i ght Los s ” 2.Ex Ant e Ef f i ci e ncy –“I nnova t i

• n”

3.El i c i t i ng Pr i va t el y He l d I nf

• r

m a t i

• n

4.Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s – Spons

• r

s 5.Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s – Re s e ar che r s

Ec

• nom i

c s

24

Ec

• nom i

c s

SLIDE 5

5

25

De m a nd

“M ar ke t s ar e Ef f i c i e nt ”

Pr i c e Qua nt i t y

Ec

• nom i

c s

26

“M onopol y”

π

Ec

• nom i

c s

27

S

“M onopol y”

π

Ec

• nom i

c s

28

Publ i c Goods : Non- Ri va l ( M C = 0) Exc l uda bl e W hy P = M C W on’ t W or k W ha t I P Doe s

“I nt e l l e c t ual Pr

• pe

r t y”

Ec

• nom i

c s

29

I s I P a M onopol y? P > M C Doi ng W i t hout Ex Ant evs . Ex Pos t M i t i ga t i ng De a dwe i ght Los s Di gi t a l Ri ght s M a na ge m e nt

“I nt e l l e c t ual Pr

• pe

r t y”

Ec

• nom i

c s

30

Li m i t s

• f

I P

Copyr i ght Hi s t

• r

y

I s I P Ne c e s s a r y?

Da t a ba s e s Sour c e Code M us i c

Too M uc h I P?

Da t a ba s e s , DM CA, Sof t war e Pa t e nt s . . .

Ec

• nom i

c s

SLIDE 6

6

31

Ec

• nom i

c s

32

I nc e nt i ve = Π· V

π

Ec

• nom i

c s

33

W ha t I nc e nt i ve i s Opt i m a l ? I nnova t i

• n

v s .DW L

I nt e r ge ner a t i

• na

l I s s ue s

Ra c e s

Dupl i c a t i

• n

W a s t e Hi gh Ri s k Re s e a r c h

Ec

• nom i

c s

34

Cum ul a t i ve I nnova t i

• n

Do W e Ne e d A St r

• ng

Com m ons ? The Li c e ns i ng Ar gum e nt Sof t war e Pa t e nt s

Ec

• nom i

c s

35

Ec

• nom i

c s

36

I nf

• r

m a t i

• n

About ( v- c ) i s Di s pe r s e d. Two Type s

• f

I nf

• r

m a t i

• n

Te c hni c a l Fe a s i bi l i t y –J a va Va l ue t

• Cons

um e r s –The I nt e r ne t

Li m i t s

• n

I nf

• r

m a t i

• n

Sha r i ng Ec

• nom i

c s

SLIDE 7

7

37

Ec

• nom i

c s

38

Ec

• nom i

c s

W ha t I f Re s e a r c he r s . . . *

Li e About ( V –C) ? * Go t

• t

he Be a c h?

39

Ec

• nom i

c s

40

Ec

• nom i

c s

W ha t I f The Spons

• rDoe

s n’ t Pa y?

* Pa t e nt Li t i gat i

• n?

41

Evi de nc e

Ar e Pa t e nt s I m por t a nt ? Pa t hol

• gi

e s

Pa t e nt Thi c ke t s The Ant i c

• m m ons

Tr

• l

l s

42

Hi s t

• r

y Exa m pl e s Pr i z e s Cont r a c t Re s e ar c h Gr a nt s Buy- Out s Hybr i ds CRADAs Bayh- Dol e

SLIDE 8

8

43

Pr i z e s

1.Ex Pos t Ef f i ci e ncy No De a dwe i ght Los s ! ! 2.Ex Ant e Ef f i ci e ncy –“I nnova t i

• n”

You M us t Know “v” ! ! 3. El i c i t i ng Pr i va t el y He l d I nf

• r

m at i

• n

Di r e c t e d Pr i z e s ( DARPA, X- Pr i z e) Bl ue Sky Pr i z e s ( Googl e )

44

4. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s –Spons

• r

s Type s

• f

Pr i z es Com m i t m e nt St r at e gi es 5. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s – Re s e ar c he r s

Pr i z e s

45

Cont r a c t s

1.Ex Pos t Ef f i ci e ncy No De a dwe i ght Los s ! ! 2.Ex Ant e Ef f i ci e ncy –“I nnova t i

• n”

You M us t Know “ ( v- c) ” ! ! Pa c ke t Swi t c hi ng Com pet i t i ve bi ddi ng & s e c

• nd-

pr i c e a uc t i

• ns

. 3. El i c i t i ng Pr i va t el y He l d I nf

• r

m at i

• n

46

4. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s –Spons

• r

s 5. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s –Re s e ar c he r s

Cont r a c t s

47

Gr a nt s

1.Ex Pos t Ef f i ci e ncy No De a dwe i ght Los s ! ! 2.Ex Ant e Ef f i ci e ncy –“I nnova t i

• n”

You Know “ c ” Be f

• r

e , “v” Af t e r war d! ! 3. El i c i t i ng Pr i va t el y He l d I nf

• r

m at i

• n

48

4. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s –Spons

• r

s 5. Age ncy Pr

• bl

em s –Re s e ar c he r s An I m per f e ct Sol ut i

• n

. . .

Gr a nt s

SLIDE 9

9

49

Da t a ba s e s

Hi s t

• r

y U. S. Fe i s t& Congr e s s Eur

• pe

( 1996) U. S. Pol i t i c s I P a s a Hi dde n Ta x Us e r s v s .Se l l e r s

50

Da t a ba s e s Pol i cy

The Pa r a dox: W hy Do W e Ha ve a Da t a ba s e I ndus t r y at Al l ? The I s s ue : DW L vs . M or e i nnovat i

• n

The Evi de nc e: W ho’ s Be e n I nj ur e d? W ha t Ne w Da t a ba s e s W oul d W e Ge t ? The Eur

• pe

a n Expe r i m e nt

0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 1994 1996 1998 2000

France

2 4 6 8 10 12 1994 1996 1998 2000

U. K.

5 10 15 20 25 1994 1996 1998 2000

Germ any

1 2 3 4 5 6 1994 1996 1998 2000

US

Da t a ba s e s

52

Advi c e t

• Congr

e s s Opt i

• ns

Pr

• pe

r t y Rul e s Li a bi l i t y Rul e s M i s a ppr

• pr

i a t i

• n

The I NSCa s e Cur r e nt La w Pr

• ve

I t !

Da t a ba s e s