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allows instantaneous odor coding Paul Szyszka University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Spike-timing precision across olfactory receptor neurons allows instantaneous odor coding Paul Szyszka University of Konstanz - Department of Neurobiology TiCl 4 TiCl 4 1 Temporal precision Odor source separation of receptor neurons Celani,

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Spike-timing precision across olfactory receptor neurons allows instantaneous odor coding

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Paul Szyszka

University of Konstanz - Department of Neurobiology

TiCl4 TiCl4

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Celani, Villermaux, Vergassola (2014) Odor Landscapes in Turbulent Environments Phys Rev

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Odor source separation Temporal precision

  • f receptor neurons
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Celani et al., 2014 Phys Rev

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Olfactory cocktail party

Celani et al., 2014 Phys Rev

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Sound source separation based on onset asynchrony

0 500 (ms)

Lipp et al. (2010) Neuropsychologia

0 500

Celani et al., 2014 Phys Rev

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Celani et al., 2014 Phys Rev

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Frasnelli et al., 2010

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Bees use onset asynchrony for odor separation

ns

Szyszka, Stierle, Biergans, Galizia (2012) PLoS ONE

Response to odor (% bees)

N=142 bees

+ sugar

Training Test

Odor A (800 ms) A-6 ms-B B-6 ms-A AB

  • R. Menzel
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Odor source separation based on spatial / temporal structure

Hopfield & Gelperin (1989) Behav Neurosci Baker & Fadamiro (1998) Nature Andersson, .. Schlyter (2011) J Chem Ecol Weissburg, .. Mankin (2012) J Exp Biol Szyszka, .. Galizia (2012) PloS one x Andreas Schäfer Tim Holy & Ningdong Kang

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Celani, Villermaux, Vergassola (2014) Odor Landscapes in Turbulent Environments Phys Rev

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Odor source separation Temporal precision

  • f receptor neurons
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Speed of odor processing is not compatible with rate coding

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Odorant ORN X ORN Y

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Rate code

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1/rate Odorant ORN X ORN Y

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Synchrony code

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Jitter Odorant ORN X ORN Y

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First spike latency code

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ORN X ORN Y Jitter Odorant

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Spike timing precision constrains coding speed

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1/rate Jitter Jitter Odorant ORN X ORN Y

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  • A. Renner

Olfactory receptor neurons

Odorant at sensillum Diffusion Receptor binding Channel

  • pening

Ion flow Spike

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500 nm Michael Laumann

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Paired recordings from olfactory receptor neurons

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Methyl butyrate

Drosophila antenna

Egea-Weiss, Renner, Kleineidam, Szyszka (unpublished)

v v

rise time: 3.61 ±0.03 ms

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ab2A neurons Methyl butyrate

Egea-Weiss, Renner, Kleineidam, Szyszka (unpublished)

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Jitter [ms SD]

Spike latency varies over a wider concentration range than rate

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Latency [ms] 1/rate [ms]

  • Min. inter-spike interval [ms]

First spike latency [ms] Methyl butyrate; n= 14 ab2A neurons

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Jitter [ms SD]

Spike latency varies over a wider concentration range than rate

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Latency [ms] 1/rate [ms]

  • Min. inter-spike interval [ms]

First spike latency [ms] Methyl butyrate; n= 14 ab2A neurons

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What signal do the postsynaptic neurons receive?

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Grabe, Baschwitz, Dweck, Lavista-Llanos, Hansson & Sachse (2016) Cell Reports Kazama & Wilson (2009) Nature Neurosci Glomerulus DM4 23 ab2A Receptor neurons (Or59b) 1 Projection neuron

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Convergences allows rapid stimulus detection

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2

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Jitter [ms SD] Latency [ms] 1/rate [ms]

  • Min. inter-spike interval [ms]

First spike latency [ms] Methyl butyrate; n= 14 ab2A neurons

Stimulus detection [ms]

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The sequence of first spike latencies across receptor neurons encodes

  • dorant identity (and is concentration invariant)

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  • 2
  • 6

Air

First spike latency

  • Min. inter-spike interval

(1/rate)

ab3A [ms] ab2A [ms] ab3A [ms] ab2A [ms] Median, 5th-95th percentile range, 10 - 14 neurons per odorant/neuron Ethyl acetate Methyl butyrate

Egea-Weiss, Renner, Kleineidam, Szyszka (unpublished)

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Fast odor transduction occurs across insect species

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Latency (ms): Pulse following (Hz): Fruit fly 2.2 125 1.6 125 Locust 1.9 125 Honey bee

www.entomos.ch

2.0 50 Dubia roach 3.0 83 Hissing roach 4.6 100

  • A. Hinterwirth

Hawk moth

Egea-Weiss, Renner, Kleineidam, Szyszka (unpublished) Szyszka, Gerkin, Galizia, Smith (2014) PNAS

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Summary & Conclusion

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  • Synchrony across receptor neurons encodes odor stimulus onset.
  • Latency and jitter of first spike latencies encodes odorant concentration.
  • The order of first spike latencies across receptor neurons encodes odorant

identity (and is concentration invariant).

  • The olfactory system could use temporal encoding for fluctuating odor stimuli,

and rate encoding for static odor stimuli.

  • First spike latency coding supports odor source separation.

First spike latency: < 3 ms Odorant A ab2A ab3A Jitter: < 0.3 ms (stimulus detection: < 0.02 ms) Odorant A, B ab2A ab3A

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Alpha Renner Alex Egea-Weiss

Acknowledgments

Brian Smith

Arizona State University

Thomas Nowotny

University of Sussex

Ryohei Kanzaki

University of Tokyo

Giovanni Galizia Georg Raiser Christoph Kleineidam

Odor-Background Segregation