Akibat Jalan Berlubang Oleh: Muhammad Syakir Ihsan 2108100703 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Analisa Kekuatan Lengan Ayun pada Kendaraan Hybrid Roda Tiga Sapujagad ITS terhadap Beban Kejut Akibat Jalan Berlubang

Oleh: Muhammad Syakir Ihsan 2108100703 Pembimbing:

• Dr. Ir. Agus Sigit Pramono, DEA

Latar Belakang

Rumusan Masalah

• Distribusi tegangan
• Kekuatan
• Aman / tidak untuk digunakan

Batasan Masalah

• Kendaraan HyVi Sapujagad
• 2 orang penumpang @ 100 kg
• Profil jalan sinusoidal dengan ketinggian 50 mm, 100mm, 150 mm

dan 200 mm

• Kecepatan kendaraan sebesar 100 km/jam
• Ban menapak sempurna pada jalan
• CG dan CP berhimpit
• Gaya samping dan gaya angkat akibat angin diabaikan
• Material yang digunakan bersifat isotropic
• Tidak terjadi perubahan temperatur pada lingkungan
• Tipe analisa yang digunakan adalah transient structural

Tujuan Penelitian

• Mengetahui distribusi tegangan pada lengan ayun akibat jalan

berlubang

• Mengetahui keamanan dari lengan ayun

• Konfigurasi Delta :

1 roda depan + 2 roda belakang

• Konfigurasi Tadpole/Reverse-trike

2 roda depan + 1 roda belakang

Perkembangan Kendaraan Roda Tiga

Material Lengan Ayun

Aluminium Alloy tipe 6061 –O dengan ketebalan plat 3 mm Sifat fisik material:

• Kepadatan

: 2,7 g/mm

• Kekerasan Brinnel: 30
• UTS

: 124 MPa

• YTS

: 55,2 MPa

• Modulus Elastis

: 68,9 Gpa

• Poissons Ratio

: 0,333

• CTE

: 23,6 μm/m.0C

Spesifikasi Teknis HyVI Sapujagad

Dimensi Panjang 3300 mm Lebar 1700 mm Tinggi 1200 mm Ground Clearance 200 mm Wheel Base 2200 mm Track Width 1400 mm Diameter Roda 560 mm Berat Massa kendaraan 284,358kg Masa penumpang 100kg x 2 orang Massa total 484,358kg Berat total 4751,55N Aerodinamika Luasan Frontal (Af) 1,7 m2 Massa Jenis Udara 1,23 kg/m3 Koefisien Drag 0,3

Spesifikasi Teknis HyVI Sapujagad

Roda Jumlah roda 3 Jenis ban Radial Jari-jari roda 280 mm Kekakuan ban 172754,1 N/m Suspensi Roll center 0,26 m Suspensi depan 50.722,16 N/m Suspensi belakang 58.525,57 N/m Posisi center of gravity Posisi a 0,9 m Posisi b 1,3 m Posisi h 0,55 m

Penentuan Titik Berat Kendaraan

Posisi Longitudinal 𝑿 = 𝑿𝒈 + 𝑿𝒔 𝒃 = 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝑿𝒔 𝑿𝒈 + 𝑿𝒔 𝐜 = 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝑿𝒈 𝑿𝒈 + 𝑿𝒔

Gaya Hambat Udara

𝐺𝑒 = 1 2 𝐷𝑒. . 𝑊

𝑏

• 2. 𝐵𝑔

Lateral Transfer Load

Fz z y Fc cos α Wr

𝑮𝒜𝒔 = 𝑿𝒔

Longitudinal Transfer Load

𝑮𝒕𝒈 = 𝒍𝒕𝒈. 𝒄 . 𝝎 𝑮𝒕𝒈 = 𝟑𝒍𝒕𝒈. 𝒃. 𝒕𝒋𝒐 𝝎

𝑮𝒜𝒔 = − 𝑮𝒅. 𝐭𝐣𝐨 𝜸 − 𝑮𝒆 . 𝒊 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝑮𝒅 𝐭𝐣𝐨 𝜸 − 𝑮𝒆 . 𝒔𝒅 + 𝑿. 𝒔𝒅. 𝝎 𝒃 + 𝒄

𝝎 = 𝑮𝒅 𝐭𝐣𝐨 𝜸 − 𝑮𝒆 . 𝒔𝒅 𝒍𝒕𝒔. 𝒄𝟑 + 𝟑𝒍𝒕𝒈. 𝒃𝟑 − 𝑿. 𝒔𝒅

Total Gaya Vertikal pada Roda Belakang

𝑮𝒜𝒔 = 𝑿𝒔 − 𝑮𝒅. 𝒕𝒋𝒐 𝜸 − 𝑮𝒆 . 𝒊 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝑮𝒅𝒕𝒋𝒐 𝜸 − 𝑮𝒆 . 𝒔𝒅 + 𝑿. 𝒔𝒅. 𝝎 𝒃 + 𝒄

Gaya Impact Akibat Lubang

𝐼𝑝 = 𝐽𝑞 𝑠 + 𝑛𝑠. 𝑠 − 𝑙 . 𝑤1 𝐼𝑝

′ = 𝐽𝑞

𝑠 + 𝑛𝑠. 𝑠 . 𝑤1′ 𝑤1′ = 𝐽𝑞 + 𝑛𝑠. 𝑠. 𝑠 − 𝑙 𝐽𝑝 𝑤1 𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑌. 𝑢 = 𝑛𝑠. 𝑤1𝑦

′ − 𝑤1𝑦

𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑎. 𝑢 = 𝑛𝑠. 𝑤1𝑨

′ − 𝑤1𝑨

Gaya Impact Akibat Lubang

1 2 . 𝐽𝑝. 𝜕12 = 1 2 . 𝐽𝑝. 𝜕1′2 + 1 2 . 𝑙𝑡𝑔 𝑐𝑏𝑜. 𝑦2 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑤𝑦′2 − 𝑤𝑦2

• 2. 𝑦. cos 𝛽

𝑢 = 𝑤𝑦′ − 𝑤𝑦 𝑏𝑦

Gaya Impact Akibat Lubang

Teori Kegagalan

Teori Kegagalan Tegangan Geser Maksimum: 𝝊𝒏𝒃𝒚 ≤

𝑻𝒛𝒕 𝑶 atau 𝝊𝒏𝒃𝒚 ≤ 𝑻𝒗𝒕 𝑶

Teori Kegagalan Maximum Distorsion Energy Theory(Von Misses) 𝑻𝒛𝒒 ≥ 𝟐 𝟑 𝝉𝟐 − 𝝉𝟑 𝟑 + 𝝉𝟑 − 𝝉𝟒 𝟑 + 𝝉𝟒 − 𝝉𝟐 𝟑

𝟐 𝟑

Prosedur Penelitian

• Melakukan studi literature tentang kendaraan roda tiga dan

perkembangannya

• Membuat permodelan lengan ayun menggunakan CAD Software
• Melakukan perhitungan gaya-gaya yang akan diterima oleh

lengan ayun

• Melakukan simulasi pengujian lengan ayun menggunakan FEA

Software

• Melakukan plotting hasil simulasi pengujian
• Menganalisa hasil simulasi pengujian
• Mengambil kesimpulan mengenai hasil analisa yang didapatkan

Flow Chart Penelitian

Start Studi Literatur Data kendaraan Permodelan rangka lengan ayun menggunakan CAD Software Perhitungan gaya- gaya yang diterima

• leh model

Masukkan model CAD software ke dalam FEA software Plotting hasil Analisa hasil simulasi Finish

Flow Chart Perhitungan Gaya

Start Menghitung CG Data kendaraan Menghitung Gaya Dorong Menghitung Gaya Momen pada kendaraan (Fc, Mr, Mp, Fd) Menghitung Gaya Reaksi pada Ban Belakang Menghitung Gaya Reaksi pada Ban Belakang akibat Tambahan Beban Impact Mencari Perubahan Ketinggian Lengan Ayun Plot Hasil Perhitungan Finish

Flow Chart Simulasi

Start Material properties Input model Simulasi transient structural Analisa hasil Plotting hasil Finish

Contoh Perhitungan

• Berat roda depan

𝑋

𝑔 = 𝑋.𝑐 𝑏+𝑐

𝑋

𝑔 = 4751,55𝑂 . 1,3𝑛 2,2𝑛

= 2807,735𝑂

• Berat roda belakang

𝑋

𝑠 = 𝑋.𝑏 𝑏+𝑐

𝑋

𝑠 = 4751,55𝑂 . 0,9𝑛 2,2𝑛

= 1943,817𝑂

Contoh Perhitungan

• Gaya hambatan angin

𝐺𝑒 = 1

2 𝐷𝑒. . 𝑊 𝑏

• 2. 𝐵𝑔

𝐺𝑒 = 1

2 . 0,3 . 1,23 𝑙𝑕 𝑛3 . 27,778 𝑛 𝑡 2

. 1,7𝑛2 𝐺𝑒 = 242,01 𝑂

• Menhitung sudut angguk

sin 𝜔 =

𝐺

𝑑sin 𝛾−𝐺𝑒 .𝑠𝑑

𝑙𝑡𝑠.𝑐2+2𝑙𝑡𝑔.𝑏2−𝑋.𝑠𝑑

sin 𝜔 =

0−242,01𝑂 .0,26𝑛 28.526,57𝑂/𝑛. 1,3𝑛 2+2.50.722,16𝑂/𝑛. 0,9𝑛 2−4751,55𝑂.0,26𝑛

sin 𝜔 = −0,00035

Contoh Perhitungan

• Gaya reaksi pada ban belakang

𝐺

𝑨𝑠 = 𝑋 𝑠 − 𝐺

𝑑.sin 𝛾−𝐺𝑒 .ℎ

𝑏+𝑐

+

𝐺

𝑑sin 𝛾−𝐺𝑒 .𝑠𝑑+ 𝑋.𝑠𝑑.sin 𝜔

𝑏+𝑐

𝐺

𝑨𝑠 = 1943,81𝑂 − −242,01𝑂 .0,55𝑛+ −242,01𝑂 .0,26𝑛+ 4751,55𝑂.0,26𝑛.−0,00035 2,2𝑛

𝐺

𝑨𝑠 = 2033,38𝑂

Gaya Impact

• Momen inersia ban pada titik pusat

𝐽𝑞 =

1 2 . 𝑛𝑠. 𝑠2 = 1 2 . 𝑋

𝑠

𝑕 . 𝑠2

𝐽𝑞 =

1 2 . 1943,817𝑂 9,81𝑛 𝑡2 . 0,28𝑛 2

𝐽𝑞 = 7,77𝑂𝑛/𝑡2

• Momen inersia ban ketika menggelinding

𝐽𝑝 = 𝐽𝑞 + 𝑛𝑠. 𝑠2 𝐽𝑝 = 7,77𝑂𝑛 𝑡2 +

1943,817𝑂 9,81𝑛 𝑡2 . 0,28𝑛 2

𝐽𝑝 = 23,3𝑂𝑛/𝑡2

Gaya Impact

• Kecepatan setelah tumbukan

𝑤1′ =

𝐽𝑞 𝑠 +𝑛𝑠. 𝑠−𝑙 𝐽𝑞 𝑠 +𝑛𝑠.𝑠

𝑤1 =

𝐽𝑞+𝑛𝑠.𝑠. 𝑠−𝑙 𝐽𝑝

𝑤1 𝑤1′ =

7,77𝑂𝑛/𝑡2+1943,817𝑂

9,81𝑛 𝑡2 .0,28𝑛. 0,28𝑛−0,05𝑛

23,3𝑂𝑛/𝑡2

. 27,778𝑛/𝑡 𝑤1′ = 24,47𝑛/𝑡 𝑤1𝑦

′

= 𝑤1

′. cos 𝛾

𝑤1𝑦

′

= 24,47 𝑛

𝑡 . cos 34,770 = 20,1𝑛/𝑡

𝑤1𝑨

′ = 𝑤1 ′. sin 𝛾

𝑤1𝑨

′ = 24,47 𝑛 𝑡 . sin 34,770 = 13,95𝑛/𝑡

Gaya Impact

• Waktu tumbukan

∆𝑦 =

𝐽𝑝.𝜕12−𝐽𝑝.𝜕1′2 𝑙𝑡𝑔 𝑐𝑏𝑜

∆𝑦 =

23,3𝑂𝑛/𝑡2. 27,778𝑛/𝑡

0,28𝑛 2

−23,3𝑂𝑛/𝑡2. 24,47𝑛/𝑡

0,28𝑛 2

172.754,1𝑂/𝑛

= 0,55m 𝑏𝑦 =

𝑤𝑦′2−𝑤𝑦2 .cos 𝛽 2.𝑦

𝑏𝑦 =

20,1𝑛 𝑡 2− 27,778𝑛 𝑡 2 .cos 55,230 2.𝑦

= −192,23𝑛/𝑡2 𝑢 = 𝑤𝑦′−𝑤𝑦

𝑏𝑦

= 20,1𝑛/𝑡−27,778𝑛/𝑡

−192,23𝑛/𝑡2

= 0,04𝑡

Gaya Impact

• Gaya impact

𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑌 =

𝑛𝑠. 𝑤1𝑦

′ −𝑤1𝑦

𝑢

𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑌 =

1943,817𝑂 9,81𝑛 𝑡2 . 20,1𝑛/𝑡−27,778𝑛/𝑡

0,04𝑡

= −38090,31𝑂 𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑎 =

𝑛𝑠. 𝑤1𝑨

′ −𝑤1𝑨

𝑢

𝐺𝑗𝑛𝑞𝑨 =

1943,817𝑂 9,81𝑛 𝑡2 . 13,96𝑛/𝑡−0𝑛/𝑡

0,04

= 69247,31𝑂

Hasil Perhitungan

Kecepatan kendaraan Kedalama n Lubang Gaya sebelum impact Waktu impact Gaya impact FimpX FimpZ 27,778 m/s 0,05 m 2.033,38 N 0,04 s 38.090,31 N 69.247,31 N 27,778 m/s 0,1 m 2.033,38 N 0,047 s 59.642,28 N 68.223,17 N 27,778 m/s 0,15 m 2.033,38 N 0,055 s 69.882,14 N 56.717,04 N 27,778 m/s 0,2 m 2.033,38 N 0,064 s 72.969,91 N 45.075,74 N

Hasil Perhitungan ketika Defleksi Ban Maksimal

Kecepatan kendaraan Kedalama n Lubang Gaya sebelum impact Waktu impact Gaya impact FimpX FimpZ 5,953 m/s 0,05 m 1947,93 N 0,04 s 8.501,78 N 15.456,05 N 4,35 m/s 0,1 m 1946,01 N 0,045 s 9.725,95 N 11.125,26 N 3,678 m/s 0,15 m 1945,39N 0,053 s 9.635,85 N 7820,55 N 3,307 m/s 0,2 m 1945,09 N 0,062 s 9047,59 N 5340,99 N

Input Model

Input Material Properties

• Kepadatan

: 2,7 g/mm3

• Ultimate tensile strength

: 124 MPa

• Yield tensile strength

: 55,2 MPa

• Modulus of Elasticity

: 68,9 GPa

• Poissons ratio

: 0,333

• CTE

: 23,6 μm/m.oC

• Temperatur referensi

: 22 oC

Connection Joint

Object Name Revolute - Ground To Swing Arm rotated Revolute - Ground To Swing Arm rotated General - Ground To Swing Arm rotated State Fully Defined Definition Connection Type Body-Ground Type Revolute General Torsional Stiffness

• 0. N·m/°

Torsional Damping

• 0. N·m·s/°

Suppressed No Translation X Free Translation Y Free Translation Z Fixed Rotations Free Z Reference Coordinate System Reference Coordinate System Mobile Scoping Method Geometry Selection Applied By Remote Attachment Scope 1 Face 2 Faces Body Swing Arm rotated Initial Position Unchanged Behavior Rigid Pinball Region All Stops RZ Min Type None RZ Max Type None X Min Type Stop X Min

• 0. m

X Max Type Stop X Max 2.e-002 m Y Min Type Stop Y Min

• 0. m

Y Max Type Stop Y Max 6.e-002 m

Connection Suspension

Object Name Longitudinal - Ground To Swing Arm rotated State Fully Defined Graphics Properties Visible Yes Definition Type Longitudinal Spring Behavior Both Longitudinal Stiffness 58526 N/m Longitudinal Damping

• 0. N·s/m

Preload None Suppressed No Spring Length 0.21021 m Scope Scope Body-Ground Reference Coordinate System Global Coordinate System Reference X Coordinate

• 0. m

Reference Y Coordinate 0.2895 m Reference Z Coordinate 0.1476 m Reference Location Defined Behavior Rigid Pinball Region All Mobile Scoping Method Geometry Selection Applied By Remote Attachment Scope 2 Faces Body Swing Arm rotated Coordinate System Global Coordinate System Mobile X Coordinate

• 0. m

Mobile Y Coordinate 9.3698e-002 m Mobile Z Coordinate 7.1112e-002 m Mobile Location Defined Behavior Rigid Pinball Region All

Meshing

Object Name Automatic Method Body Sizing State Fully Defined Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry 1 Body Definition Suppressed No Method Automatic Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting Type Element Size Element Size 1.e-002 m Behavior Soft

Analysis Setting

Kedalaman Lubang Kecepatan Kendaraan Step Step End Time Initial Time Step Minimum Time Step Maximum Time Step Carry Over Time Step 50 mm 27,778 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.04 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 100 mm 27,778 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.047 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 150 mm 27,778 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.055 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 200 mm 27,778 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.064 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 50 mm 5,953 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.04 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 100 mm 4,35 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.045 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 150 mm 3,678 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.053 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On 200 mm 3,307 m/s 1

• 1. s

0.1 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 2 1.062 s 1.e-003 s 2.e-003 s On

Pembebanan

Object Name Force Remote Force State Fully Defined Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry 2 Faces Coordinate System Global Coordinate System X Coordinate 0.1 m Y Coordinate

• 0.2859 m

Z Coordinate

• 0.11704 m

Location Defined Definition Type Force Remote Force Define By Components Coordinate System Global Coordinate System X Component

• 0. N (step applied)

Y Component

• 2033. N (step applied)

Tabular Data Z Component

• 0. N (step applied)

Tabular Data Suppressed No Behavior Deformable Advanced Pinball Region All

Pembebanan

Steps Time [s] X [N] Y [N] Z [N] 1 0. = 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 2 1.04 = 0. 69247

• 38090

Hasil Simulasi k=50 mm v=27,778 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 3.2208e+005 Pa 2.0969e-003 m Maximum 2.9812e+009 Pa 0.27635 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 6087.4 Pa 4.0778e-006 m Maximum 3.3664e+005 Pa 3.3814e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 8.2666e+007 Pa 2.7923e-003 m Maximum 3.0261e+009 Pa 0.27635 m Information Time 1.04 s Load Step 2 Substep 39 Iteration Number 277

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 2.192e+005 Pa 2.3085e-003 m Maximum 2.3719e+009 Pa 0.25611 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 6087.4 Pa 4.0778e-006 m Maximum 2.2898e+005 Pa 3.3814e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 8.2666e+007 Pa 2.7923e-003 m Maximum 2.5726e+009 Pa 0.25904 m Information Time 1.047 s Load Step 2 Substep 46 Iteration Number 306

Hasil Simulasi k=100 mm v=27,778 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 2.2366e+005 Pa 2.5426e-003 m Maximum 1.7954e+009 Pa 0.22776 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 6087.4 Pa 4.0778e-006 m Maximum 2.2366e+005 Pa 3.3814e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 8.2666e+007 Pa 2.7923e-003 m Maximum 1.7954e+009 Pa 0.22776 m Information Time 1.055 s Load Step 2 Substep 54 Iteration Number 314

Hasil Simulasi k=150 mm v=27,778 m/s

Hasil Simulasi k=200 mm v=27,778 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 2.397e+005 Pa 2.8255e-003 m Maximum 1.1325e+009 Pa 0.19848 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 6087.4 Pa 4.0778e-006 m Maximum 2.5282e+005 Pa 3.3814e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 8.2666e+007 Pa 2.7923e-003 m Maximum 1.2341e+009 Pa 0.20174 m Information Time 1.064 s Load Step 2 Substep 63 Iteration Number 315

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 72732 Pa 3.0334e-003 m Maximum 6.8496e+008 Pa 0.18214 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 5887.2 Pa 3.9065e-006 m Maximum 80517 Pa 3.3836e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 7.3588e+007 Pa 2.6752e-003 m Maximum 7.3715e+008 Pa 0.18363 m Information Time 1.04 s Load Step 2 Substep 39 Iteration Number 220

Hasil Simulasi k=50 mm v=5,593 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 44586 Pa 3.0907e-003 m Maximum 5.3317e+008 Pa 0.17575 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 3821.3 Pa 3.9027e-006 m Maximum 44586 Pa 3.38374e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 6.5656e+007 Pa 2.6726e-003 m Maximum 5.3317e+008 Pa 0.17575 m Information Time 1.044 s Load Step 2 Substep 44 Iteration Number 231

Hasil Simulasi k=100 mm v=4,35 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 36955Pa 3.1603e-003 m Maximum 3.5049e+008 Pa 0.16921m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 3832.5 Pa 3.9015e-006 m Maximum 36955 Pa 3.3837e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 4.7508e+007 Pa 2.6718e-003 m Maximum 3.6974e+008 Pa 0.16973 m Information Time 1.053 s Load Step 2 Substep 52 Iteration Number 246

Hasil Simulasi k=150 mm v=3,678 m/s

Object Name Equivalent Stress Total Deformation State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress Total Deformation By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Suppressed No Integration Point Results Display Option Averaged Average Across Bodies No Results Minimum 23419 Pa 3.1974e-003 m Maximum 2.5609e+008 Pa 0.1656 m Minimum Value Over Time Minimum 2546.5 Pa 3.9008e-006 m Maximum 52140 Pa 3.3837e-003 m Maximum Value Over Time Minimum 3.7396e+007 Pa 2.6713e-003 m Maximum 3.2087e+008 Pa 0.16639 m Information Time 1.062 s Load Step 2 Substep 61 Iteration Number 271

Hasil Simulasi k=200 mm v=27,778 m/s

Hasil Simulasi

Kecepatan Kendaraan Kedalaman Lubang σeq Syp Kondisi (N=1,5) 27,778 m/s 50 mm 3,0621x109 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 27,778 m/s 100 mm 2,5726x109 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 27,778 m/s 150 mm 1,7954x109 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 27,778 m/s 200 mm 1,2341x109 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 5,593 m/s 50 mm 7,3715x108 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 4,35 m/s 100 mm 5,3317x108 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 3,678 m/s 150 mm 3,6974x108 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman 3,307 m/s 200 mm 3,2087x108 Pa 55,2x106 Pa Tidak Aman

Kesimpulan

• Besarnya kecepatan mempengaruhi gaya yang bekerja pada

tumpuan ban. Selain itu, kecepatan juga berpengaruh terhadap besarnya gaya impact yang terjadi pada lengan ayun.

• Kedalaman lubang mempengaruhi besarnya gaya impact yang

terjadi pada lengan ayun. Semakin dalam lubang, gaya impact terhadap arah x akan semakin besar, tetapi gaya impact ke arah z semakin kecil.

• Dari hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa lengan ayun belum aman

untuk digunakan, dikarenakan nilai tegangan yang terjadi melebihi nilai tegangan yang diijinkan.

Saran

• Merubah model lengan ayun sehingga mampu memberikan

distribusi tegangan yang lebih merata, sehingga lengan ayun dapat lebih aman untuk digunakan.

• Dilakukan pengujian eksperimen untuk memperoleh hasil yang

lebih aktual.

Terima Kasih