AGRA Support to Seed Security in Africa Security in Africa - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

AGRA Support to Seed Security in Africa Security in Africa Augustine Langyintuo AGRA Nairobi AGRA-Nairobi Presented at the FARNPAN Organized seed security Network. South Africa 20-21 May 2010

Introduction Introduction • Low crop productivity in Africa over the years 10 9 8 7 T/ha) 6 Yield (MT 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Region Southern Africa Eastern Africa Western Africa Eastern Asia Western Europe Australia

Challenge - climate change: - 0.4% p.a., frequent drought Percent change in agricultural production due to climate change (Cline 2007)

Challenge: Limited fertilizer use intensity Kg/ha a 10 15 20 25 30 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 Zimb babwe Kenya K M Malawi Swaz ziland Les sotho Benin B Eth hiopia Se negal Bots swana Cote d' Ivoire Mali Z ambia Togo Burkina Faso Came eroon Nigeria N Ga ambia Tan nzania Chad Maur ritania G Ghana Mozam bique Total consumption Madag ascar 1.3 Mil tons Bu urundi 9 kg/ha G uinea Rw wanda Niger A ngola Ug ganda DRC

Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006) Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006) 90% s e cultivars 80% 70% ed maize 60% 50% of improve 40% 40% 30% 20% Use o 10% 0% a e a i a a a a a a e l i w a n u i i l i p d y i r o n b w M a q a n e o n g a m b h g i l a e b i a n z h a G i g K a A m n M N b t E U Z a m a T z i Z o M

Seed production and deployment environment Seed production and deployment environment Seed value chain Establishing & Establishing & Seed production Seed production Seed Seed Seed Seed runnin running a g a seed seed & processing & processing processing rocessing marketing marketing marketing marketing demand demand demand demand company mpany Policies & Policies & regulations regulations

Reasons for low use of improved varieties p • Company establishment p y – High start-up investment cost – Lack of manpower and technical know-how p • Production – Limited access to suitable germplasm Limited access to suitable germplasm – Production infrastructure – Limited access to production credit Li it d t d ti dit – Weak producer base

• Marketing and distribution constraints – Poor market infrastructure – Limited retail networks – Challenges related to use of intermediaries • Seed policies Seed policies – Weak internal seed laws and regulations – Import/export restrictions Import/export restrictions – Lengthy variety release processes – Restrictions on access to public germplasm Restrictions on access to public germplasm • Demand constraints - low adoption rates – Poor extension coverage – Poor output markets

AGRA s Technical interventions AGRA’s Technical interventions Seed Seed R&D delivery Breeding New Agro-dealer Training Seed Varieties Networks Breeders Enterprises • Farmer- • Business • M.Sc. & Ph.D. • Start-up grants participatory Training fellowships • Business • Regulatory > • Credit • In-country Development Release > guarantees research on Services Promotion relevant topics • Private • Equity Funds extension The PASS Improved Seed Value Chain The PASS Improved Seed Value Chain

AGRA-Funded M.Sc. & Ph.D. Fellowship Programs, 2009 g M.Sc. M.Sc. M S M S M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. M Sc M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D.

No. of MSc & Phds Enrolled & Graduated ‐ Cummulative 160 140 120 71 olled 61 tudents enro 100 100 80 No. of st 60 48 79 40 71 38 20 26 19 13 7 6 3 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 MScs Enrolled & on ‐ going PhDs Enrolled & on ‐ going MScs Graduated PhDs Graduated

AGRA Funded AGRA-Funded Crop Breeding Initiatives, 2008 Maize Sorghum Sorghum Rice Cassava Cowpea Cowpea Beans Soybean S Sweet Potato t P t t Wheat

Breeding grants by crop Breeding grants by crop Soybean Wheat Groundnut 2% 2% 4% Millet 4% Maize Cowpea 27% 6% Cassava 8% Sorghum 10% 10% Ri Rice 15% Sweet potato 10% 10% Beans Beans 12%

Varieties Released and Commercialized 2007-2010 Varieties Released and Commercialized, 2007-2010 120 109 100 94 80 80 60 47 47 47 47 47 47 36 40 29 28 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Varieties released Varieties commercialized

Varieties released by crop G Groundnuts, 4 d t 4 Pigeonpea , 2 Chickpea, 2 Soybean, 1 Maize, 36 Cassava, 27 Sorgum, 8 Beans, 23 Rice, 6

Tanzania Tanzania Ethiopia Ethiopia Mali AGRA F nded AGRA-Funded Seed Supply Initiatives, 2009 Tanzania

N No. of Seed Enterprises Supported f S d E t i S t d (43) 45 45 8 40 35 (27) (27) 8 8 30 3 25 5 20 (12) 27 15 3 19 10 10 9 5 0 2007 2008 2009 Private Seed Co. Public Agency Farmer Assoc.

Seed Production by Crop Species (Eastern and Southern Africa) Sunflower Lablab Sunflower Teff Teff 1% Beans 5% 8% Wheat Cassava 5% Soy-bean 8% 4% 4% Cowpea 3% Rice Rice Sorghum Sorghum 1% 5% Pigeon-pea Groundnut 2% 5% Maize 53%

Seed production by AGRA supported Enterprises Seed production by AGRA-supported Enterprises 20.0 (Projected) 20.0 20 0 ousands 18.0 MT) 16.0 f seed (M Tho 14.0 12.0 8.4 8.4 10 0 10.0 uantity of 8.0 4.5 6.0 Qu 2 6 2.6 4.0 2.0 0 0 0.0 Baseline - 2008 2009 2010 2007

Mali Nigeria Nigeria Ghana Uganda Uganda Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Tanzania Malawi Zambia Mozam. AGRA-Funded Agro-Dealer g Development Initiatives, 2009

Agro-dealers that have received technical and business management training under AGRA's programs AGRA s programs 1600 1447 1400 1200 1091 994 994 935 1000 umber 800 N 582 600 461 400 400 268 212 203 153 153 200 100 0 Kenya Malawi Tanzania Mali Nigeria Ghana Business Technical

Agro-dealers Trained in Business Management 9 200 9 200 10000 9000 8000 8000 7000 6000 4 237 4 237 5000 4000 3000 2000 331 1000 0 Baseline -2007 2008 2009

Seed & Fertilizer Sales by Agro-Dealers 235 943 250 000 200 000 MT 150 000 100 000 53 223 46 633 28 926 50 000 0 2008 Oct. 2009 Qty seed sales Qty fertilizer sales

Other Technical Initiatives Other Technical Initiatives • Assembled a team of experts seconded to p seed companies for a full season • Seed Enterprise Management Institute in • Seed Enterprise Management Institute in collaboration with the Seed Center at Iowa State University, CIMMYT & Nairobi Univ. St t U i it CIMMYT & N i bi U i • Establishment of an investment fund as a Establishment of an investment fund as a Loan Facility (ASIF & WAAIF) for grantees & non grantees & non grantees

Policy interventions Policy interventions • Supporting the strengthening of internal seed laws and regulations • Advocating for minimal delays in the release Advocating for minimal delays in the release of new varieties • Advocating for the easy access to public germplasm g p • Supporting the implementation of regionally harmonized seed laws and regulations harmonized seed laws and regulations • Working to eliminate trade restrictions

Technical Challenges g • Low production capacity/insufficient: BS,FS, CS • Out-growers incompetence Out growers incompetence • Drought constraint • Storage facilities St f iliti • Limited working capital • Weak regulatory agencies • Monopoly on public varieties Monopoly on public varieties • Poor marketing infrastructure • Poor business management skills Poor business management skills • Lengthy variety release

How harmonization of seed policies and l legislation will enhance AGRA’s work i l ti ill h AGRA’ k • Greater liberalization of (foundation and certified) seed production and marketing ) p g • Increased competition ensuring better prices • Squeezing out fake seed dealers through S i t f k d d l th h cross-border movement of seeds • Enforcing regulatory measures • Promoting increased crop productivity and a Promoting increased crop prod cti it and a potential for an African Green Revolution

Thank you Thank you www.agra-alliance.org