Aerospace & Defense Forum Orange County Chapter Fuel Cells in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aerospace & Defense Forum Orange County Chapter Fuel Cells in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aerospace & Defense Forum Orange County Chapter Fuel Cells in Aviation: Next Generation, Environmentally-Friendly Power Generation Matt McConnell Engineering Manager Parker Aerospace Central Engineering 5 April 2018 Fuel Cells in

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5 April 2018

Aerospace & Defense Forum Orange County Chapter

Fuel Cells in Aviation: Next Generation, Environmentally-Friendly Power Generation

Matt McConnell Engineering Manager Parker Aerospace Central Engineering

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Fuel Cells in Aviation: Next Generation, Environmentally-Friendly Power Generation

Agenda

  • Parker Aerospace Overview
  • What is a Fuel Cell?
  • Parker Fuel Cell Development Program
  • More Electric Aircraft Overview
  • All Electric Aircraft Concepts
  • The Future of Fuel Cells in Aviation
  • Questions…

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Parker Hannifin Corporation

A worldwide, diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems

  • Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio
  • 137 divisions worldwide
  • 48 Countries
  • 57,000 employees
  • $12.0 B Sales (FY17)
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Global leader in flight control, hydraulic, fuel and inerting, fluid conveyance, thermal management, and engine systems and components

  • $2.3 billion in annual sales
  • 5,500 employees
  • Seven divisions, 38 worldwide locations

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Parker Aerospace

Updated 2017

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SLIDE 5

Flight control Flight control

Inerting Pumps Gauging management Oil reservoirs Fuel spray nozzles Manifolds & pigtails Reservoirs Pumps Primary/secondary flight control actuators Valves Trim actuation Control electronics & software Pneumatics Servovalves High-lift actuation Surface-position sensors Filters Accumulators Thrust reverser actuators Engine build unit Heat exchangers Ground service equipment Cockpit controls Valves Control electronics & software

Flight Controls Hydraulics Fuel & Inerting

Heat management Oil pumps Control electronics & software

Engine Fluid Conveyance

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Aerospace Systems Portfolio

Five Major Platform Solutions

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Aerospace Fuel Cell Development

6 AWB HSD GTFSD SPD CSD FSD CSO

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What is a Fuel Cell?

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A fuel cell:

  • Converts chemical energy into electricity
  • Has an anode, cathode and an electrolyte
  • Requires a continuous source of reactants
  • Produces DC electrical power
  • Produces usable by-products: water, heat,
  • xygen depleted air (ODA)
  • Parker is focused on Proton Exchange

Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

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PEM Stack Characteristics:

  • Cathode Oxidant: air or O2 gas
  • Anode Fuel: hydrogen gas
  • Operating temperature range 60 to 85°C
  • Practical efficiency of 40 to 60%
  • Fast start up time ~10 to 30 seconds typical
  • By-products are uniquely applicable to aircraft

Typical Applications:

  • Automotive Power
  • Stationary Backup Power
  • Mobility Power - Aviation, Defense & Space

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Aviation Industry Alternative Energy Drivers

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CEO of Airbus

  • Aviation OEMs and Regulators See Opportunities
  • Energy Efficiency, Reduced Carbon Emissions
  • Technical Risks and Challenges Need to be Addressed
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Aviation Industry Alternative Energy Drivers

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Parker Aerospace Fuel Cell Systems Development

Aerospace Fuel Cell Features

  • Efficient, scalable energy conversion
  • Alternate, independent energy

source for emergency power

  • Eliminates harmful emissions
  • Reduces aircraft noise on ground
  • Intermittent or continuous duty
  • Usable reaction products

Technical Challenges / Risks

  • Hydrogen storage, handling &

infrastructure

  • Low temperature operation
  • Operation at altitude (using bleed air)
  • Long term dormancy (emergency

power)

  • Certification of Fuel Cell systems

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Multi-Function Fuel Cell System

  • Potential Applications
  • AC, DC & HVDC Electrical Power
  • Hydraulic Power (Electric Pump)
  • Fuel Tank Inerting – Dry ODA
  • Cargo Bay Inerting – Humid ODA
  • Potable Water Generation
  • Galley/Lav Power
  • Electric Ice Protection
  • Electric ECS (E-ECS)
  • Electric Taxi (E-Taxi)
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Parker Fuel Cell Development Legacy

  • Parker has been actively engaged in Aerospace

fuel cell system development since 2008

  • Fundamental Fuel Cell Operation
  • Multiple Stack Suppliers
  • Focused on PEM Fuel Cells
  • Lab System Integration
  • Controls System Development
  • Aircraft Applications R & D
  • Emergency Power Systems
  • RAT Replacement & Cargo Bay Fire Suppression
  • Multiple-Systems / Functions
  • APU Replacement, Use of Reaction By-Products

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Parker TRL 4 Test Stand 2008

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Parker Fuel Cell Development

  • Parker has engaged across industry to

advance fuel cell technologies

  • Airframe Manufacturers
  • Regulatory/Governing Bodies: FAA/EASA &

SAE

  • Technology Agencies: NASA, DLR, NERL
  • Universities in US & Germany
  • Key Suppliers
  • Fuel Cell Systems and Stacks
  • Hydrogen Storage and Delivery
  • Balance of Plant Components

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Parker Fuel Cell Development

14 Fuel Cell Lab Test Demonstrator Parker Fuel Cell Lab

Parker Experience – Fuel Cell R&D Programs

  • Architect and Integrator for Aircraft Fuel Cell Systems
  • Designed prototype system for narrow body APU replacement
  • Designed and built demonstrator for Emergency Power System
  • Replaces Aircraft Ram Air Turbine and Cargo Fire Suppression System
  • Demonstrated key performance objectives at customer
  • Worked directly with FAA on multiple test projects

Fuel Cell Lab Test Rig

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FAA Fuel Cell Testing

  • Failure Modes Tests
  • FAA, Parker & Support
  • Loss of coolant & short circuit
  • Forced failures had good results
  • Detectable & Gradual
  • Self-extinguishing at reactant shutoff
  • Fire Suppression Tests
  • FAA, Parker & Support
  • Fuel Cell System generated ODA (<11% O2)
  • Validated ODA distribution & quality

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Federal Aviation Administration

FAA Failure Modes Test FAA Fire Suppression Test

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The Path to Aviation Fuel Cell Systems

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More Electric Aircraft Overview

  • Example: Boeing 787
  • Elimination of Engine Bleed Air
  • Electrification of Traditional Hydraulic &

Pneumatic Systems

  • Electrical Power increased more than 2X

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Hybrid Electric Aircraft Overview

  • Utilize Turbine Engine to Generate

Electrical Power for E-Fans

  • Increases Range, Reduces Battery Size
  • Airbus E-FanX Demonstrator

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E-FanX Demonstrator Hybrid Airliner Concept

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Legacy and New Aircraft Developers Drive Toward All- Electric Aircraft

  • Electric Aircraft Applications Include:
  • Advanced Rotorcraft
  • Urban Aerial Mobility (Air Taxi)
  • UAVs – Civil and Defense
  • General Aviation
  • Challenges for Battery Electric Aircraft
  • Battery Weight and Capacity (Range)
  • Charging Time
  • Battery Disposal

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All-Electric Aircraft Concepts

Advanced Rotorcraft Urban Aerial Mobility General Aviation Civil UAV – Fuel Cell

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Drawbacks of Battery Electric Aircraft

  • Insufficient range and energy storage, even

with significant improvements in battery technology; heavy and slow to recharge

Fuel Cell Power Generation

  • Energy storage limited only by amount of

hydrogen stored

  • Hydrogen can be refilled quickly
  • Options include high pressure gaseous or

cryogenic liquid hydrogen

  • Fuel Cells are a leading technology for

Electric Aircraft as well as Primary Systems

  • n more electric and hybrid jet aircraft

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Future Role of Fuel Cells in Aircraft

DLR Fuel Cell Aircraft Fuel Cell UAV Concept Fuel Cell Civil Aircraft

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Questions?

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