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Administration • Signup for the mailing list – www.cs.washington.edu/csep590b Computing and the – mailman.cs.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/csep590b Developing World • Reading assignment • Homework assignment CSEP 590B, Spring 2008 – Submit online, .doc (not .docx) or .pdf Lecture 2 - Kiosks Richard Anderson Today’s class Highlights from Lecture 1 • Rural Computer Kiosks • Can information and computing – Make shared access computing available technology address global challenges? through subsidized computer centers – Health, Education, Livelihood – Long term sustainability through revenue • Design subject to constraints generating applications • Sustainability • Homework discussion – Long term deployment model • Connectivity • Scalability • Kiosk Case Studies • Technology Case Studies – Potential to impact large number of people Kiosks Key Questions • Technology • Small computer centers aimed at providing computing services/internet connectivity – HW, Software, Connectivity • Applications • Shared access model – Suite of applications to generate use • Kiosk Entrepreneur • Deployment – Business Owner with financial stake in project – Business Model • Social goals and business goals – Explicit and Implicit Goals – Funding/Subsidies – Governance

Access to Computing and Technology First Internet • Viewed as public good • Make technology available • People have advocated designating – People will find uses for it access to the internet as a “human right” • Positive examples • Economic arguments – Cell Phones – Electricity – Digital Divide: those without access will be left behind • Chicken and Egg problem – Access to internet/computing will lead to – How to generate sufficient use of a development technology to make it sustainable What were the main issues you Homework Discussion addressed? Is your project viable? • Research the feasibility and cost of providing at least one Internet kiosk per every 10,000 citizens. – What are the technical requirements of an Internet Kiosk for your target country? – What contingencies or constraints do you need to plan for? – Provide an overview of cost estimates for the kiosk project. Include hardware, software, networking and maintenance costs. – What recommendation would you make to the funders of your project in terms of kiosks feasibility? Which applications would you expect to Technology Questions bring in the most revenue in your kiosks? • Computing Hardware • Internet Connection • Electricity • Physical site (security, environment) • Maintenance

Kiosk Computing Internet Connectivity Hardware/Software/Infrastructure • Low cost PC • Windows/Linux – Basic applications • Protection from the environment • Power – Grid, backup, UPS (uninterruptible power supply) Internet Usage Per Country Internet Connection Challenges (Users per 100, 2006) Afghanistan Ecuador • Problem One: Getting bits from here to Albania Eritrea there Algeria Iceland Argentina India • Problem Two: The companies involved Australia Kenya • Problem Three: The countries involved Belarus Kyrgyzstan Benin Mali Botswana Pakistan Burkina Faso Rwanda Cambodia South Africa China Thailand Congo Yemen Bits Africa: SAT3 / EASSy • Optical Fiber – Under sea – Under ground • Wires • Wireless – Short range – Long range – Directional • Satellites

What is the difference between an Pakistan: Fiber Connectivity Internet Kiosk and a Cyber Café? 1. 2. 3. 4. World wide cyber café costs Kiosk Applications Country One Hour (local One Hour (USD) • Sustain an internet kiosk by applications currency) that customers will pay for • Provide a social benefit Identify three potential Kiosk applications Commercial Potential Rate commercial potential and social benefit Application Commercial Social Benefit 1. 6. Potential 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.

Social Benefit Kiosk Case Studies 1. 6. • Kiosk Kits – n-Logue 2. 7. – Drishtee • Akshaya - Kerala 3. 8. • e-Choupal - ITC • LinkNet - Zambia 4. 9. 5. 10. n-Logue Drishtee • Income • Kiosk Kit (rs. 53,500) • corDect • Drishtee – Sales 25% – Wireless corDect – 35kbps internet – Rural services + – Subscriptions 9% connection Kiosks – 10 km los connectivity – Setup 40% – Branded PC with 15” – Services – Originated from IIT-M – Contributions 26% monitor • Computer Courses • Donations • English Proficiency – Speakers, – Sponsor a kiosk $1750 • Agri-queries microphone, printer, • Extending to support • E-Governance etc. mobile business • Rural e-commerce – Cabling • www.drishtee.com – Application suite • www.drishteehaat.com – 6 month internet subscription Akshaya Project Akshaya Project • Kerala • Small computer centers – 5 computers per site – Strong emphasis on human development • 600 Centers set up – First state in India to achieve “100% literacy” – Akshaya goal: “100% e-literacy” – one per every thousand households – Densely populated – everyone with 3km of a computer center – Good infrastructure • Wireless network • Malappuram District, Kerala • Established to promote eLiteracy – High rate of overseas workers – Offered cd-rom based courses – Poor district – Educate one member of every family – Home district of the Information Technology • www.akshaya.net Minister

Setup eLiteracy • Private / State partnership • Centers required to offer eLiteracy courses • Entreprenuer – 15 hours to teach about computers – purchased equipment $4500 – Basic computing applications NOT covered – ran center as a business – Target: one member of every household • State – Strong financial incentives – design and branding – Approx. 80% of households reported to receive – provide network connectivity training – heavily subsidized e-literacy training (rs 100 out • After eLiteracy phase, centers were to be self of rs 120) sustaining (but with state provided internet) – facilitated loans Evaluation Log results Chat 17.99 Language Use: • After initial phase, approx 200 kiosks closed Software 16.03 English 74.27% Downloads Malayalam 10.49% • Expanding to other districts Portals 11.62 Portuguese 6.82% Other/Unknown 8.42% – Lower density (1/3000 vs 1/1000) News 10.17 Spyware 8.78 – Increased beneficiary contribution Language for news: Entertainment 8.31 Malayalam 96% – Broader mix of services Email 3.94 English 4% • Interview studies Search 3.57 Country hosting content Education 2.75 – Socially driven vs. Business driven entrepreneurs United States 72.25% Government 2.26 India 6.70% – Subsidized training brought in poor people – but General 2.03 Sweden 4.92% did not keep them Information Brazil 3.06% Adult Content 1.81 China 1.69% – Conflicting role of state and business Other/Unknown 11.38% Matrimonials 1.25 Job Search 0.74 Survey results Online services • Survey of general public about Akshaya – Since the goal of Akshaya was to reach entire population – general surveys were appropriate • Has a member of your household taken the Akshaya course? – Survey results: 30% [8% - 50%] – Entrepreneurs figure: 80% [59% - 100%] – Discrepancy: 50% [23% - 81%] • Majority of people introduced to computing by Akshaya would not have had access without it • Median age 16 for course takers www.akshaya.net • Low use rate of kiosks after course completion