6/27/20 American Feed Industry Association What’s a “feed additive” Feed Industry Institute • Added to diet in (sometimes very) small Adding Value With amounts • Expected benefits often based on biologic Additives impacts or actions, not direct supply of required nutrients • May or may not qualify as a “drug” Cathy Bandyk, PhD, PAS Ruminant T echnical Manager, AB Vista 1 2 ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives • Operations • Logistics – Something else to store – Additional vendor relationships – Added step(s) to manufacture – Additional orders – Medicated: required paperwork, – Additional inventory tracking regulations, and contamination concerns – Addition to QA program 3 4 1
6/27/20 ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives • Sales • Sales – Adds value to feeds – Fresh marketing messaging – Opportunity for differentiation – Direct margin opportunity – Progressive image – Positive response to direct requests – May support sales in new markets or •Customers seasons •Consultants 5 6 ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives Feed Additive Delivery • Producers • As a branded product feature – Improve performance • As a “menu” item – Support animal health • In special custom formulas – Improve efficiency • Incorporated on-farm – Reduce environmental impact Different routes provide different Di – Address specific problems va valu lues t s to di differe rent se segme ments o s of t the f feed d in industry -- Mask bad management 7 8 2
6/27/20 Additives are a BIG DEAL Additives are a BIG DEAL • Example: Dairy cattle • Annual sales ~ $20 billion % Use 38 • Steady growth market (3-4%/year) 40 29 30 24 24 – New products 20 11 – New companies 10 8 7 10 2 • Dynamic industry 0 Buffers Yeast, YC Rumensin Mycotoxin P. Probiotics Niacin Omnigen Stabilizers NONE – Innovation in products, product classes, application, validation, delivery Source: Mike Hutjens, U of Illinois 9 10 Basic Concepts Basic Concepts • Need to deliver desired dose to every • Value often difficult to account for in animal, every feeding formulation models • Typically carry a high cost per unit weight or – Usually not provided to meet a volume “requirement” • May have environmental limits – Response can hinge on a range of interactions • Even if a little is good, a lot may NOT be • Real value for one customer or feed may be a costly or dangerous concern for another 11 12 3
6/27/20 Additive Types: Non-medicated Probiotics • Vitamins, minerals • Probiotics • Viable (naturally occurring) microorganisms • Amino acids, analogs • Prebiotics – Live yeast, bacteria – “DFM” • Anionic salts • Enzymes (and fungal • Beneficial effect in prevention and/or extracts) • Acidifiers treatment of certain pathologic conditions • Phytogenics • Buffers • Need to maintain viability until they reach • Methyl-donors • Anti-oxidants target site in the animal • Sweeteners/flavors • Products vary in species, strain, concentration, physical form (impact) 13 14 Prebiotics Enzymes • Supplement native enzymes • Selectively stimulate growth/activity of – Fiber, starch, protein beneficial gut microorganisms – Direct and indirect action • Often non-digestible • Encourage lower gut fermentation of fiber • Induce targeted metabolic processes • Break down physical barriers to nutrients – Oligosaccharides (fructans, galactans) – Fiber, phytate – Non-starch polysaccharides (fiber) • Break down viscous gels in GIT Synbiotic: Probiotic + Prebiotic • Degrade mycotoxins Stimbiotic: Prebiotic + Fiber-degrading enzyme 15 16 4
6/27/20 Phytogenics Methyl Donors • Plant extracts, “essential oils” • Methionine, choline, betaine • Range of biologically active compounds • Related, but not fully interchangeable – Sensory & metabolic modes of action • Wide-ranging impacts (palatability; antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, – Protein nutrition – Antioxidants rumen modification, enzyme inhibition, – Fat metabolism – Gene expression altered intake or partitioning) – Immune modulation – Developmental • Often sold as blends programming – Liver metabolism • Examples: yucca, garlic, oregano, cinnamon, – Osmotic balance – Neurotransmitters peppers, coriander….and many more – Rumen activity 17 18 Additive Types: Medicated Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Meet nutrient requirements • Antimicrobials • Sulfonamidics – Antibiotics • Hormonal – Provided in forms or concentrations that – Ionophores • Beta-agonists offer advantages over conventional • Anticoccidial ingredients, i.e., more bioavailable • Anti-bloating • Antiparasitic – In ruminants, may support microbial – Internal growth/activity to then support animals – External – Sparing action •e.g. methyl donors for methionine 19 20 5
6/27/20 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Enhance feed intake • Increase Digestibility – Sensory properties – Increase physical access •Aroma • Direct degradation •Palatability • Barrier removal – Speed rate of passage – Support/complement endogenous enzyme activity • Restrict intake of self-fed supplements – Support microbial digestive activity • More beneficials, fewer antagonistic 21 22 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Modify Digestion • Impact the GIT/gut – Alter metabolic pathways – Health and function of lining •More protein production – Support desirable microflora •More glucose availability – Inhibit undesirable, pathogenic microflora ê methane, •Fewer ‘waste’ products – Encourage digestive activities ammonia – Alter site of digestion – Reduce barriers to digestion & absorption – Impact insulin metabolism – Break down gels, froth 23 24 6
6/27/20 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Impacting the GIT/gut • Improving Efficiency – Modify pH with buffers or acidifiers – More complete digestion • Avoid acidosis; stimulate pancreatic secretions, – Better nutrient absorption possibly enhance phytase activity; selective • Sweeteners, NSP-ases impacts on bacteria – Improved retention (energy, protein) – Alter populations with (+) nutrients, • Ionophores growth factors, (-) selective antimicrobials – Via increased feed intake • Yeast, yeast products, DFM, ionophores, extracts 25 26 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Improving Efficiency through DMI • Enhancing Health – Support immune function – Support stress responses – Modulate inflammatory responses 1 unit more intake: = 6.7% é in DMI = 20% é in nutrients available for gain 27 28 7
6/27/20 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Health-enhancing Activity • Control Parasites – Osmolyte – Internal – Anti-oxidant • Anthelmintics – Anti-microbial • Coccidiostats – Anti-pathogenic – External •Compete for binding sites • Hormonal •Compete for nutrients • Pesticides •Direct antagonism 29 30 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Mitigate Mycotoxins • Mitigating Mycotoxins – Adsorbents – Capacity • Yeast-based – Specificity • Clays – Strength • Silicates – Practicality • Activated charcoal • Feeding rate, feed compatibility, verifiable – Enzymes inclusion, nutritional side effects, manure toxin levels (i.e., from some clays) 31 32 8
6/27/20 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! • Manage Waste Products • Enhancing Products – Inhibit urease – Flavor • Less ammonia release – Shelf life – Reduce pathogen shedding – Composition – Reduce moisture and nutrients in poultry • Leanness litter • Milk fat, milk protein • Restrict pathogen growth • Fatty acid profile 33 34 Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot ! Farm-Level Additive Decisions • Maintain Feed Quality • Need to be able to address: – Minimize spoilage and loss throughout – Response processing, storage, and in the bunk • How much, under my conditions? • Acidifiers – Returns • Antioxidants • What is the ROI? (> 2:1) • Silage innoculants • What would be the “cost” of not using? Source: Mike Hutjens, U of Illinois 35 36 9
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