Adding Value With amounts Expected benefits often based on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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American Feed Industry Association

Feed Industry Institute

Adding Value With Additives

Cathy Bandyk, PhD, PAS Ruminant T echnical Manager, AB Vista

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What’s a “feed additive”

• Added to diet in (sometimes very) small

amounts

• Expected benefits often based on biologic

impacts or actions, not direct supply of required nutrients

• May or may not qualify as a “drug”

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ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives

• Operations

– Something else to store – Added step(s) to manufacture – Medicated: required paperwork, regulations, and contamination concerns

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ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives

• Logistics

– Additional vendor relationships – Additional orders – Additional inventory tracking – Addition to QA program

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ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives

• Sales

– Adds value to feeds – Opportunity for differentiation – Progressive image – May support sales in new markets or seasons

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ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives

• Sales

– Fresh marketing messaging – Direct margin opportunity – Positive response to direct requests

• Customers
• Consultants

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ADDITIVES: Different Perspectives

• Producers

– Improve performance – Support animal health – Improve efficiency – Reduce environmental impact – Address specific problems

• - Mask bad management

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Feed Additive Delivery

• As a branded product feature
• As a “menu” item
• In special custom formulas
• Incorporated on-farm

Di Different routes provide different va valu lues t s to di differe rent se segme ments o s of t the f feed d in industry

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Additives are a BIG DEAL

• Annual sales ~ $20 billion
• Steady growth market (3-4%/year)

– New products – New companies

• Dynamic industry

– Innovation in products, product classes, application, validation, delivery

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Additives are a BIG DEAL

• Example: Dairy cattle

38 29 24 24 11 10 8 2 7

10 20 30 40

Buffers Yeast, YC Rumensin Mycotoxin P. Probiotics Niacin Omnigen Stabilizers NONE

% Use

Source: Mike Hutjens, U of Illinois

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Basic Concepts

• Need to deliver desired dose to every

animal, every feeding

• Typically carry a high cost per unit weight or

volume

• May have environmental limits
• Even if a little is good, a lot may NOT be
• Real value for one customer or feed may be

a costly or dangerous concern for another

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Basic Concepts

• Value often difficult to account for in

formulation models – Usually not provided to meet a “requirement” – Response can hinge on a range of interactions

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Additive Types: Non-medicated

• Vitamins, minerals
• Amino acids, analogs
• Anionic salts
• Acidifiers
• Buffers
• Anti-oxidants
• Sweeteners/flavors
• Probiotics
• Prebiotics
• Enzymes (and fungal

extracts)

• Phytogenics
• Methyl-donors

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Probiotics

• Viable (naturally occurring) microorganisms

– Live yeast, bacteria – “DFM”

• Beneficial effect in prevention and/or

treatment of certain pathologic conditions

• Need to maintain viability until they reach

target site in the animal

• Products vary in species, strain,

concentration, physical form (impact)

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Prebiotics

• Selectively stimulate growth/activity of

beneficial gut microorganisms

• Often non-digestible
• Induce targeted metabolic processes

– Oligosaccharides (fructans, galactans) – Non-starch polysaccharides (fiber)

Synbiotic: Probiotic + Prebiotic Stimbiotic: Prebiotic + Fiber-degrading enzyme

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Enzymes

• Supplement native enzymes

– Fiber, starch, protein – Direct and indirect action

• Encourage lower gut fermentation of fiber
• Break down physical barriers to nutrients

– Fiber, phytate

• Break down viscous gels in GIT
• Degrade mycotoxins

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Phytogenics

• Plant extracts, “essential oils”
• Range of biologically active compounds

– Sensory & metabolic modes of action (palatability; antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, rumen modification, enzyme inhibition, altered intake or partitioning)

• Often sold as blends
• Examples: yucca, garlic, oregano, cinnamon,

peppers, coriander….and many more

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Methyl Donors

• Methionine, choline, betaine
• Related, but not fully interchangeable
• Wide-ranging impacts

– Protein nutrition – Fat metabolism – Immune modulation – Liver metabolism – Neurotransmitters – Antioxidants – Gene expression – Developmental programming – Osmotic balance – Rumen activity

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Additive Types: Medicated

• Antimicrobials

– Antibiotics – Ionophores

• Anticoccidial
• Antiparasitic

– Internal – External

• Sulfonamidics
• Hormonal
• Beta-agonists
• Anti-bloating

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Meet nutrient requirements

– Provided in forms or concentrations that

• ffer advantages over conventional

ingredients, i.e., more bioavailable – In ruminants, may support microbial growth/activity to then support animals – Sparing action

• e.g. methyl donors for methionine

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Enhance feed intake

– Sensory properties

• Aroma
• Palatability

– Speed rate of passage

• Restrict intake of self-fed supplements

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Increase Digestibility

– Increase physical access

• Direct degradation
• Barrier removal

– Support/complement endogenous enzyme activity – Support microbial digestive activity

• More beneficials, fewer antagonistic

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Modify Digestion

– Alter metabolic pathways

• More protein production
• More glucose availability
• Fewer ‘waste’ products

– Alter site of digestion – Impact insulin metabolism

ê methane, ammonia

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Impact the GIT/gut

– Health and function of lining – Support desirable microflora – Inhibit undesirable, pathogenic microflora – Encourage digestive activities – Reduce barriers to digestion & absorption – Break down gels, froth

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Impacting the GIT/gut

– Modify pH with buffers or acidifiers

• Avoid acidosis; stimulate pancreatic secretions,

possibly enhance phytase activity; selective impacts on bacteria

– Alter populations with (+) nutrients, growth factors, (-) selective antimicrobials

• Yeast, yeast products, DFM, ionophores,

extracts

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Improving Efficiency

– More complete digestion – Better nutrient absorption

• Sweeteners, NSP-ases

– Improved retention (energy, protein)

• Ionophores

– Via increased feed intake

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Improving Efficiency through DMI

1 unit more intake: = 6.7% é in DMI = 20% é in nutrients available for gain

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Enhancing Health

– Support immune function – Support stress responses – Modulate inflammatory responses

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Health-enhancing Activity

– Osmolyte – Anti-oxidant – Anti-microbial – Anti-pathogenic

• Compete for binding sites
• Compete for nutrients
• Direct antagonism

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Control Parasites

– Internal

• Anthelmintics
• Coccidiostats

– External

• Hormonal
• Pesticides

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Mitigate Mycotoxins

– Adsorbents

• Yeast-based
• Clays
• Silicates
• Activated charcoal

– Enzymes

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Mitigating Mycotoxins

– Capacity – Specificity – Strength – Practicality

• Feeding rate, feed compatibility, verifiable

inclusion, nutritional side effects, manure toxin levels (i.e., from some clays)

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Enhancing Products

– Flavor – Shelf life – Composition

• Leanness
• Milk fat, milk protein
• Fatty acid profile

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Manage Waste Products

– Inhibit urease

• Less ammonia release

– Reduce pathogen shedding – Reduce moisture and nutrients in poultry litter

• Restrict pathogen growth

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Additive Roles: A Little Can Do a Lot !

• Maintain Feed Quality

– Minimize spoilage and loss throughout processing, storage, and in the bunk

• Acidifiers
• Antioxidants
• Silage innoculants

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Farm-Level Additive Decisions

• Need to be able to address:

– Response

• How much, under my conditions?

– Returns

• What is the ROI? (> 2:1)
• What would be the “cost” of not using?

Source: Mike Hutjens, U of Illinois

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Farm-Level Additive Decisions

• Need to be able to address:

– Research

• Quantity
• Quality

– Records

• Can we quantify the response on my farm?

Source: Mike Hutjens, U of Illinois

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Farm-Level Additive Decisions

• Need to be able to address:

– Realistic

• Practical delivery options
• Compatible with carrier feed
• Compatible with expected conditions
• Reasonable expectations of needed intake

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Feed Additives: Closely Regulated

• Feed additives require approval

– Takes time and money (LOTS)

• Country by country

– Separate, different regulations – Foreign regulations can impact “what you can say” in another country

• Regulations may cover product details, species,

class, delivery method, dosage, feed concentration, withdrawal times, handling

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Feed Additives: Closely Regulated

• Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)

– Guidelines and definitions:

• Feed Additive Compendium
• AAFCO Official Publication

– No ‘medical’ claims

• Well-recognized action/reason for use may never

be officially stated

• “manufacturing aid” “odor control” “extract”

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Feed Additives: Closely Regulated

• Medicated

– Drugs – Highly regulated – Must account for all inventory – Often require VFD, prescription

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Future Opportunity

• Additives can be tools to address key issues

– Consumer concerns (e.g., antibiotic use) – Environment (ê carbon footprint) – Resource limitations (é efficiency) – Health and safety

• Product safety, attributes
• Healthy animals = healthy food

– Economic sustainability

42

Considerations: Future Growth

• Increased understanding of biology
• Understand mode(s) of action, interactions
• Scientific substantiation: efficacy, limitations
• Established QA protocols

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Considerations: Future Growth

• Ability to model outcomes
• Streamlined, affordable registrations
• Science-based regulations
• Practical and economic issues addressed

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Questions?

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