Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 09, 2023 189 likes •522 views

Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Pieiro Iglesias Topics 2 Accessibility-based solutions to improve safety Implementation via accessibility APIs Applicable standards and

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications

Alejandro Piñeiro Iglesias

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Topics

  • Accessibility-based solutions to improve safety
  • Implementation via accessibility APIs
  • Applicable standards and existing support
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Accessibility-Based Solutions to Improve Safety

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

Safety First?

3 November 2012

“Authorities say a driver distracted by his cell phone caused a head-on crash that killed an elderly man and seriously injured an elderly woman in central California."

31 October 2012

“An eastern Utah man was charged Wednesday with hitting and killing a Vernal teenager with his car while texting behind the wheel.”

8 November 2012

“Police say a distracted driver caused a head-on crash.... The driver of the second truck and his passenger had to be extricated from the vehicle by firefighters."

9 November 2012

“Off-duty officer killed, Cal Trans flagger seriously hurt in chain reaction crash.... Cal Trans said the accident was likely caused by a distracted driver."

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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"In 2010, 3092 people were killed in crashes involving a distracted driver and an estimated additional 416,000 were injured in motor vehicle crashes involving a distracted driver."

U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Hands-Free via Speech Input

For:

  • Users who cannot use a keyboard and/or

touch screen (i.e. due to disability)

  • Users who should not use a keyboard

and/or touch screen (i.e. due to driving)

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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For:

  • Users who have difficulty visually accessing

screen contents (i.e. due to disability)

  • Users who have difficulty visually accessing

screen contents (i.e. due to driving)

Eyes-Minimal via Simplified UI

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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For:

  • Users who cannot visually access screen

contents (i.e. due to disability)

  • Users who should not visually access

screen contents (i.e. due to driving)

Eyes-Free via Speech Output

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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For:

  • Users who cannot activate on-screen

elements directly (i.e. due to disability)

  • Users who should not activate on-screen

elements directly (i.e. due to driving)

Eyes-Free via Gestures

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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“Since driving ... is primarily a visual-spatial- motor task, it is predicted (and observed) to be fairly efficiently time shared with tasks that are auditory and language based.”

Models of Attention, Distraction, and Highway Hazard Avoidance

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Implementation via Accessibility APIs

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Accessibility APIs allow you to interact with applications programmatically on behalf of the end user.

Accessibility APIs

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

Example: Remember the Milk

1.Remember The Milk displays an alert that the driver is in an area with an associated task. 2.Device checks the car's speed to be sure it is safe, then speaks the displayed alert. 3.Driver says “No” to indicate he does not want to be given navigation directions. 4.Device clicks on the “No” button for the driver.

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Accessibility API Events

  • Focus changes
  • Selection changes
  • Text changes
  • Value changes
  • Visual appearance changes
  • Addition and removal of new objects
  • Etc.
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Accessibility API Actions

  • Press, release, and click on a button
  • Toggle the state of a widget
  • Drag and drop an item
  • Etc.
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Accessibility API Interfaces

  • Application
  • Component
  • Desktop
  • Document
  • Hypertext
  • Image
  • Selection
  • Streamable Content
  • Text
  • Editable Text
  • Table
  • Value
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Accessibility API Use Cases

  • Provide access to users with disabilities
  • Automated testing
  • (Distraction-free access for drivers?)
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Requirements

  • Developers: create accessible web apps.
  • Layout engine: implement accessibility

support for the platform.

  • Platform: provide a means to expose that

support to end-user tools.

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Applicable Standards and Existing Support

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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For Web Application Developers

W3C Mobile Web Initiative

  • Mobile Web Best Practices

http://www.w3.org/TR/mobile-bp

  • Mobile Web Application Best Practices

http://www.w3.org/TR/mwabp

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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For Web Application Developers

W3C Web Accessibility Initiative

  • Mobile Accessibility Overview

http://www.w3.org/WAI/mobile/Overview.html

  • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20

  • Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA)

http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

W3C HTML Speech Incubator Group

  • Speech Input API Specification

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xg-htmlspeech/2011Feb/att-0020/api-draft.html

  • HTML Text to Speech (TTS) API Specification

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xg-htmlspeech/2011Feb/att-0022/htmltts-draft.html

  • Speech JavaScript API Specification

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/2011OctDec/att-1696/speechapi.html

  • Final Report

http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/htmlspeech/XGR-htmlspeech/

For Web Application Developers

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

23 Layout Engines Supporting ARIA

  • Trident
  • WebKit
  • Gecko
  • Presto
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

24 Choosing One

  • Trident
  • WebKit
  • Gecko
  • Presto
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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WebKit: Free as in Freedom

  • Primarily BSD-style and LGPL licenses
  • http://svn.webkit.org/repository/webkit/trunk
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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WebKit: Embedded-Friendly

  • Desktop (Safari, Chromium, Epiphany, etc.)
  • iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch
  • Android
  • Palm Pre
  • Amazon Kindle
  • Others
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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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WebKit: Developer Community

Chromium Apple WebKit Google Igalia Gmail Nokia OpenBossa Samsung RIM Others

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 8151 6099 5083 2026 1465 924 749 375 315 313 1104

Commits Per Affiliation in 2011

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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WebKit: Accessibility

  • Mature, platform-independent core support
  • Adaptations from WebCore to platform, e.g.:

–Macintosh –Chromium –GTK –EFL –Qt –Win

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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“The mission of the Indie UI Working Group ... is to develop event models for Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that facilitate interaction in Web applications that are input method independent, and hence accessible to people with disabilities.”

W3C Web Accessibility Initiative

The Indie UI Working Group

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

Indie UI Working Group Members:

  • Access Co, LTD
  • Apple
  • Google
  • IBM
  • Institut Telecom
  • Nokia
  • Opera
  • Univ. Catholique de Louvain
  • Univ. of Manchester
  • Invited (accessibility) experts

Representation from the Automotive Industry? http://www.w3.org/WAI/IndieUI/participation

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Achieving a Safe and Seamless User Experience Through Accessible Web Applications Alejandro Piñeiro | apinheiro@igalia.com | www.igalia.com/accessibility

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Summary

  • In-vehicle device applications can be used more

safely via alternative input and/or output.

  • The alternatives are quite similar to, and may

even be thought of as, assistive technologies.

  • Accessibility APIs and standards for accessible

web applications are established and being used.

  • The automotive industry should evaluate this

solution.

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Questions?