A Tale of Two Crops: Impact of Late-spring Frost on Frontenac Fruit - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Tale of Two Crops: Impact of Late-spring Frost on Frontenac Fruit Composition Timothy E. Martinson & Chrislyn A. Particka The Northern Grapes Project is funded by the USDA’s Specialty Crops Research Initiative Program of the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Project #2011-51181-30850

Spring Frost May 22-23 26° F on May 22 (3-6 in shoot growth) • How it affected phenology (timing of vine development). • Comparison of: – First crop (Surviving shoots) – Second crop (Shoots/clusters emerging after frost) • Management: What can a grower do?

Training Study in Clayton, NY • Marquette and Frontenac – Vertical Shoot Positioning (intensive management) – Top Wire Cordon (moderate management) – Cane pruned, Umbrella Kniffin (minimal management) • 4 reps, 3-panel plots, data collected on middle 7 vines

Mid April

May 14

May 14

May 18

May 18

May 22: 26 ° F May 25

May 28

May 28 – Latent buds emerge

June 15

June 15 Frontenac – Clayton

June 29 Frontenac October 9

June 29

August 14

August 15

August 29

Mid September

October 9

Second Crop First Crop

Phenology Growth Stage First Crop Second Crop Budburst May 1-3 May 30 – June 7 Bloom June 15 July 6-13 Veraison August 15 Sept 1 – Sept 10 Harvest October 9 October 9

Phenology Growth Stage First Crop Second Crop Delay ~4 wk Budburst May 1-3 May 30 – June 7 Bloom June 15 July 6-13 ~3 wk ~2.5- 3 wk Veraison August 15 Sept 1 – Sept 10 Harvest October 9 October 9

2015 - Frontenac Yield Yield Yield Clusters/ Avg.berry Cluster Berries/ # of shoots Shoot # t/acre lb/vine vine wt. (g) wt. (g) cluster w/ clusters 1st crop TWC 0.13 0.4 2.8 ab 1.24 a 71.2 57.4 2.5 2.0 VSP 0.07 0.2 1.1 b 1.15 ab 71.5 79.6 1.8 0.8 UK 0.15 0.5 3.2 a 1.10 b 62.9 57.0 3.1 2.1

2015 – Frontenac Yield Yield Yield Clusters/ Avg.berry Cluster Berries/ # of shoots Shoot # t/acre lb/vine vine wt. (g) wt. (g) cluster w/ clusters 1st crop TWC 0.13 0.4 2.8 ab 1.24 a 71.2 57.4 2.5 2.0 VSP 0.07 0.2 1.1 b 1.15 ab 71.5 79.6 1.8 0.8 UK 0.15 0.5 3.2 a 1.10 b 62.9 57.0 3.1 2.1 2nd crop TWC 2.4 a 7.86 a 43 a 1.34 82.6 61.5 49.6 a 19.0 (38%) a VSP 0.9 b 3.46 b 20.3 b 1.30 75.9 58.6 35.5 b 11.0 (30%) b UK 1.1 b 2.90 b 18.5 b 1.32 69.7 52.8 30.5 b 9.1 (30%) b

2015 – Frontenac Yield Yield Yield Clusters/ Avg.berry Cluster Berries/ # of shoots Shoot # t/acre lb/vine vine wt. (g) wt. (g) cluster w/ clusters 1st crop TWC 0.13 0.4 2.8 ab 1.24 a 71.2 57.4 2.5 2.0 VSP 0.07 0.2 1.1 b 1.15 ab 71.5 79.6 1.8 0.8 UK 0.15 0.5 3.2 a 1.10 b 62.9 57.0 3.1 2.1 2nd crop TWC 2.4 a 7.86 a 43 a 1.34 82.6 61.5 49.6 a 19.0 (38%) a VSP 0.9 b 3.46 b 20.3 b 1.30 75.9 58.6 35.5 b 11.0 (30%) b UK 1.1 b 2.90 b 18.5 b 1.32 69.7 52.8 30.5 b 9.1 (30%) b

2015 – Frontenac Yield Yield Yield Clusters/ Avg.berry Cluster Berries/ # of shoots Shoot # t/acre lb/vine vine wt. (g) wt. (g) cluster w/ clusters 1st crop TWC 0.13 0.4 2.8 ab 1.24 a 71.2 57.4 2.5 2.0 VSP 0.07 0.2 1.1 b 1.15 ab 71.5 79.6 1.8 0.8 UK 0.15 0.5 3.2 a 1.10 b 62.9 57.0 3.1 2.1 2nd crop TWC 2.4 a 7.86 a 43 a 1.34 82.6 61.5 49.6 a 19.0 (38%) a VSP 0.9 b 3.46 b 20.3 b 1.30 75.9 58.6 35.5 b 11.0 (30%) b UK 1.1 b 2.90 b 18.5 b 1.32 69.7 52.8 30.5 b 9.1 (30%) b 2013 4-5 T 14-16 lb 60 clust 100 g 90 berries

2015 – Frontenac Fruit Chemistry Brix pH TA YAN 1st crop TWC 23.7 3.17 18.2 404.3 VSP 23.3 3.22 16.3 461.7 UK 23.4 3.24 17.4 463.5 Avg. 23.5 3.20 17.4 441.5

2015 – Frontenac Fruit Chemistry Brix pH TA YAN 1st crop TWC 23.7 3.17 18.2 404.3 VSP 23.3 3.22 16.3 461.7 UK 23.4 3.24 17.4 463.5 Avg. 23.5 3.20 17.4 441.5 2nd crop TWC 22.1 3.06 21.6 a 337.4 VSP 22.5 3.10 20.5 b 372.8 UK 22.3 3.05 21.6 a 365.0 Avg. 22.3 3.07 21.2 358.4 p-value 1st vs. 2nd 0.00069 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0016

2015 – Frontenac Fruit Chemistry Brix pH TA YAN 1st crop TWC 23.7 3.17 18.2 404.3 VSP 23.3 3.22 16.3 461.7 UK 23.4 3.24 17.4 463.5 Avg. 23.5 3.20 17.4 441.5 2nd crop TWC 22.1 3.06 21.6 a 337.4 VSP 22.5 3.10 20.5 b 372.8 UK 22.3 3.05 21.6 a 365.0 Avg. 22.3 3.07 21.2 358.4 p-value 1st vs. 2nd 0.00069 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0016

2015 – Frontenac Fruit Chemistry Brix pH TA YAN 1st crop TWC 23.7 3.17 18.2 404.3 VSP 23.3 3.22 16.3 461.7 UK 23.4 3.24 17.4 463.5 Avg. 23.5 3.20 17.4 441.5 2nd crop TWC 22.1 3.06 21.6 a 337.4 VSP 22.5 3.10 20.5 b 372.8 UK 22.3 3.05 21.6 a 365.0 Avg. 22.3 3.07 21.2 358.4 p-value 1st vs. 2nd 0.00069 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0016

Management

Exposed vs. Shaded clusters 2 nd Crop Brix Titratable Acidity 26 26 24 24 22 22 20 Brix TA 20 18 18 16 14 16 shaded exposed 12 shaded exposed trtmt trtmt Exposed Median= 21.4 Exposed Median= 16.1 Shaded Median= 18.4 Shaded Median= 17.3

Exposed vs. Shaded clusters 2 nd Crop Tartaric acid: Malic acid 6.5 16 6 14 5.5 5 12 tartaric malic 4.5 10 4 3.5 8 3 2.5 6 shaded shaded exposed exposed trtmt trtmt Exposed median= 5.2 Exposed median= 10.3 Shaded median = 4.3 Shaded median = 12.2

Shaded vs Exposed Clusters Frontenac 2013 Berry Weight pH Brix TA Train Exposed Shaded Exposed Shaded Exposed Shaded Exposed Shaded TWC 1.11 1.09 3.02 3.02 22.3 22.0 16.7 17.9 UK 1.05 1.06 3.00 3.04 22.1 20.4 17.1 20.4 VSP 1.07 1.09 3.12 3.05 23.0 21.0 17.4 19.7

Shaded vs Exposed Clusters Marquette 2014 Exposed Shaded 28 28 • 6 vines 26 26 • 5 exposed and 5 shaded 24.0 24 24 Brix • Individual Brix, pH, TA 21.8 22 22 20 20 18 18 Exposed Shaded Exposed Shaded 3.6 3.6 16 16 Titratable Acidity (g/l) 3.5 3.5 14 14 3.4 3.4 3.28 3.3 3.3 12 12 3.25 pH 11.0 3.2 3.2 10 10 9.5 3.1 3.1 3 3 8 8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 6 6

Management • Site Selection • Good air drainage • Fans Cluster exposure to sunlight • Warmth lowers acidity, • Exposure promotes drying, reduces disease •

Thanks! Coyote Moon Vineyard The Randazzos Mike Colizzi, Steve Lerch, Pete Legrow, Bill Wilsey Chrislyn Particka The Northern Grapes Project is funded by the USDA’s Specialty Crops Research Initiative Program of the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Project #2011-51181-30850