A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment Carl Pollard Department of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment Carl Pollard Department of Linguistics Ohio State University March 8, 2012 Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Tectos We start with the following basic tectos: S (sentence) ¯ S (complementized sentence) Dir (direct) Ind (indirect) Obl (oblique) Nam (name) Dir, Ind, and Obl are collectively called cases . Prd ( predicative ) abbreviates Dir ⊸ S. A predicate is a word whose tecto is either S, or of the form A 0 ⊸ . . . ⊸ A n ⊸ S ( n ≥ 0) where each A i is a case. To simplify, we treat case-marked predicates on a par with case-marked names, e.g. Dir rather than (Dir ⊸ S) ⊸ S. Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Phenos Phenos of names are p-strings (s). Phenos of ¯ S’s and case expressions are languages, i.e. sets of p-strings (S). Phenos of sentences are sets of strings of languages (Z). Phenos of predicatives have type S → Z, for which we use the variables m and n . Constants of type c (clitic) are not distinguished typographically from ones of type p (phonological word). So it must be remembered that the case markers si, ni, kay, ang, ng, and sa are proclitics. Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Some Function Words ⊢ λ st .t = si + s ; Nam ⊸ Dir ⊢ λ st .t = ni + s ; Nam ⊸ Ind ⊢ λ st .t = kay + s ; Nam ⊸ Obl ⊢ λ ms . ∃ t . ( k ( m 1 S ) t ) ∧ s = ang + t ; Prd → Dir ⊢ λ ms . ∃ t . ( k ( m 1 S ) t ) ∧ s = ng + t ; Prd → Ind ⊢ λ ms . ∃ t . ( k ( m 1 S ) t ) ∧ s = sa + t ; Prd → Obl ⊢ λ Z . NA • ( k Z ); S ⊸ ¯ S Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Some Substantive Words ⊢ toS Fido; Nam ‘Fido’ ⊢ UMULAN ∗ e S ; S ‘rained’ ⊢ λ P . ASO ∗ ( toZ P ); Prd ‘dog’ ⊢ λ PQ . KUMAIN ∗ PQ ; Ind ⊸ Prd ‘ate’ (agent voice) ⊢ λ PQR . DINALA ∗ PQR ; Obl ⊸ Ind ⊸ Prd ‘brought’ (patient voice) ⊢ λ Zw . ∃ z . ( Z z ) ∧ (( fst w ) = ( fst z )) ∧ ( per ( snc ( rst z ) KAHAPON) ( rst w )); S ⊸ S ‘yesterday’ Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment