A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment Carl Pollard Department of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Carl Pollard

Department of Linguistics Ohio State University

March 8, 2012

Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Tectos

We start with the following basic tectos:

S (sentence) ¯ S (complementized sentence) Dir (direct) Ind (indirect) Obl (oblique) Nam (name)

Dir, Ind, and Obl are collectively called cases. Prd (predicative) abbreviates Dir ⊸ S. A predicate is a word whose tecto is either S, or of the form A0 ⊸ . . . ⊸ An ⊸ S (n ≥ 0) where each Ai is a case. To simplify, we treat case-marked predicates on a par with case-marked names, e.g. Dir rather than (Dir ⊸ S) ⊸ S.

Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Phenos

Phenos of names are p-strings (s). Phenos of ¯ S’s and case expressions are languages, i.e. sets

• f p-strings (S).

Phenos of sentences are sets of strings of languages (Z). Phenos of predicatives have type S → Z, for which we use the variables m and n. Constants of type c (clitic) are not distinguished typographically from ones of type p (phonological word). So it must be remembered that the case markers si, ni, kay, ang, ng, and sa are proclitics.

Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Some Function Words

⊢ λst.t = si + s; Nam ⊸ Dir ⊢ λst.t = ni + s; Nam ⊸ Ind ⊢ λst.t = kay + s; Nam ⊸ Obl ⊢ λms.∃t.(k (m 1S) t) ∧ s = ang + t; Prd → Dir ⊢ λms.∃t.(k (m 1S) t) ∧ s = ng + t; Prd → Ind ⊢ λms.∃t.(k (m 1S) t) ∧ s = sa + t; Prd → Obl ⊢ λZ .NA • (k Z); S ⊸ ¯ S

Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment

Some Substantive Words

⊢ toS Fido; Nam ‘Fido’ ⊢ UMULAN ∗ eS; S ‘rained’ ⊢ λP.ASO ∗ (toZ P); Prd ‘dog’ ⊢ λPQ.KUMAIN ∗ PQ; Ind ⊸ Prd ‘ate’ (agent voice) ⊢ λPQR.DINALA ∗ PQR; Obl ⊸ Ind ⊸ Prd ‘brought’ (patient voice) ⊢ λZw.∃z.(Z z) ∧ ((fst w) = (fst z)) ∧(per (snc (rst z) KAHAPON) (rst w)); S ⊸ S ‘yesterday’

Carl Pollard A Semantics-Free Tagalog Fragment