A recent (Dec2012) wireless demonstration Parameter Value Data - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
a recent dec 2012 wireless demonstration
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

A recent (Dec2012) wireless demonstration Parameter Value Data - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 13, 2023 184 likes •810 views

G IGABIT A CCESS IN W IRELESS A. Chockalingam Department of ECE, IISc Second Annual NKN Workshop Bangalore 18 October 2013 A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc ) Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 1 / 53 Outline 1 G IGABIT W

slide-1
SLIDE 1

GIGABIT ACCESS IN WIRELESS

  • A. Chockalingam

Department of ECE, IISc

Second Annual NKN Workshop Bangalore 18 October 2013

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 1 / 53

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

1 GIGABIT WIRELESS - STATE-OF-THE-ART 2 MIMO - AN ACE PHY FEATURE IN GIGABIT WIRELESS 3 SPATIAL MODULATION - ANOTHER ACE PHY FEATURE

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 2 / 53

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

A recent (Dec’2012) wireless demonstration

Parameter Value Data rate 10 Gbps Bandwidth 400 MHz Spectral efficiency 25 bps/Hz Carrier frequency 11 GHz Environment Urban Mobility 9 km/hr Technology 8 × 16 MIMO 64-QAM

(a) (b)

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 3 / 53

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Another recent (May’2013) wireless demonstration

Parameter Value Data rate 1.056 Gbps Bandwidth ? Spectral efficiency ? Carrier frequency 28 GHz Distance 2 km Technology * Adaptive antenna array * 64 antenna elements

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 4 / 53

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Gartner’s hype cycle

Source: Internet

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 5 / 53

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Moore’s law drives wireless data rates

Source: SPAWC’2010 plenary talk slides of Dr. Gerhard Fettweis

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 6 / 53

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Moore’s law drives wireless data rates

Source: SPAWC’2010 plenary talk slides of Dr. Gerhard Fettweis

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 7 / 53

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Moore’s law drives wireless data rates

Source: SPAWC’2010 plenary talk slides of Dr. Gerhard Fettweis

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 8 / 53

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Moore’s law drives wireless data rates

Source: SPAWC’2010 plenary talk slides of Dr. Gerhard Fettweis

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 9 / 53

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Increasing wireless data rates New spectrum (bps)

increase BW (e.g., 60 GHz band, mm wavelength, 7 GHz BW) +: unlicensed (free)

  • : propagation characteristics, devices, short range, cost

Increase QAM size (bps/Hz) MIMO (bps/Hz)

+: Theory has predicted unlimited capacity

  • : Practicality, complexity, cost

Dense deployments (bps/Hz/km2)

Femtocells +: 1000x speed up (claimed)

  • : interference management, backhaul, cost
  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 10 / 53

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Evolution to Gigabit WiFi (and beyond)

IEEE Band BW Data rates PHY features Spectral Eff. Standard per channel (bps/Hz) 802.11b 2.4 GHz 5 MHz 11,5.5,2,1 Mbps DS-SS, CCK 0.5, 2 802.11g 2.4 GHz 20 MHz 1 - 54 Mbps OFDM 2.5 802.11a 5 GHz 20 MHz 54,48,36,24,18 OFDM 12,9,6 Mbps 64 subcarriers 2.5 MIMO-OFDM 802.11n 5/2.4 GHz 20/40 MHz 600 Mbps 4 × 4 MIMO 15 128 subcarriers 802.11ac 5 GHz 80/160 MHz 1 Gbps MU-MIMO 6.25 802.11ad 60 GHz 7 GHz up to 7 Gbps Beamforming < 2 HEW ? ? ? ? ↑ HEW: High Efficiency WiFi Bands other than 2 GHz and 5 GHz 802.11af (White-Fi): TV white spaces, sub-1GHz (cognitive radio, geographic sensing) 802.11ah: non-TV white spaces, sub-1GHz (Internet of Things (IoT), Machine to Machine (M2M)) 802.11aj: 60 GHz (5 GHz BW) – China-centric Emerging use cases (under discussion) – relevant for India

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 11 / 53

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

IEEE 802.11 MAC Two protocols

PCF: Point coordination function (polling) DCF: Distributed coordination function (random access)

DCF

CSMA/CA

RTS/CTS handshake before transmission of data packet Avoids hidden node problem ACK for data packet Backoff mechanism to resolve collisions backoff parameters: CWmin, CWmax Minimum silence periods between transmissions DIFS: DCF Inter-Frame Spacing SIFS: Short Inter-Frame Spacing Shorter minimum waiting implies higher priority (ACK, CTS)

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 12 / 53

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

IEEE 802.11 MAC - CSMA/CA

Source: http://secowinet.epfl.ch/slides

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 13 / 53

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

IEEE 802.11 MAC (DCF) Throughput IEEE 802.11b

  • Max. raw data rate: 11 Mbps

Useful throughput is much less due to CSMA/CA overhead Application using TCP: 5.9 Mbps Application using UDP: 7.1 Mbps

CSMA/CA overhead

  • Min. overhead for sending one data packet

= Tx time of (1 RTS + 1 CTS + 1 ACK + 3 SIFS + 1 DIFS + 4 preambles) In addition, loss due to collision and retransmissions

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 14 / 53

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

DCF MAC (In)efficiency in Gigabit WiFi Suppose

RTS = CTS = ACK = Preamble = 20 bytes SIFS = 16 µsec, DIFS = 34 µsec, Data packet = 2500 bytes

Assume ideal conditions

No channel errors, no collision (i.e., point-to-point Tx)

Case a) say, Rate = 54 Mbps. Useful throughput?

Ans: 42.3 Mbps (about 78% of 54 Mbps)

Case b) say, Rate = 1 Gbps. Useful throughput?

Ans: 194 Mbps (only 19.4% of 1 Gbps)

MAC (in)efficiency is a concern in Gigabit WiFi

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 15 / 53

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Back to Gartner’s hype cycle

Hype cycle for Communication and Networking, 2011

Source: Internet

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 16 / 53

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Gigabit Wireless - State-of-the-art

Back to Gartner’s hype cycle

Hype cycle for Communication and Networking, 2013

Source: Internet

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 17 / 53

slide-18
SLIDE 18

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

MIMO – an ace PHY feature Why MIMO?

nt: # of transmit antennas, nr: # receive antennas # Antennas Error Probability (Pe) Capacity (C), bps/Hz SISO nt = nr = 1 Pe ∝ SNR−1 C = log(SNR) SIMO nt = 1, nr > 1 Pe ∝ SNR−nr C = log(SNR) MIMO nt > 1, nr > 1 Pe ∝ SNR−nt nr C = min(nt, nr) log(SNR) MIMO technology scores high on

Spectral efficiency Power efficiency Link reliability

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 18 / 53

slide-19
SLIDE 19

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Increasing spectral efficiency: QAM vs MIMO

(c) SISO/SIMO with 64-QAM (d) MIMO with nt = 6 and BPSK

Spectral efficiency in both systems: 6 bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 19 / 53

slide-20
SLIDE 20

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Increasing spectral efficiency: QAM vs MIMO

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10

Average recieved SNR (dB) Bit Error Rate

SISO, nt=1, nr=1, 64-QAM SIMO, nt=1, nr=6, 64-QAM MIMO, nt=6, nr=6, BPSK

6 bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 20 / 53

slide-21
SLIDE 21

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Large MIMO systems Larger the number of antennas, better will be the

spectral efficiency power efficiency reliability

Large MIMO systems

MIMO systems where communication terminals use tens to hundreds of antennas Achieve very high spectral efficiencies in the range of tens to hundreds of bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 21 / 53

slide-22
SLIDE 22

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Technological challenges Placement of large no. of antenna elements

Feasible in moderately sized communication terminals Use high carrier frequencies (small carrier wavelengths);

e.g., 5 GHz, 60 GHz

Compact antenna arrays

RF technologies

Multiple IF/RF transmit and receive chains Spatial modulation

Allows use of less number of Tx RF chains than the number of Tx antennas

Large MIMO signal processing

Signal detection, channel estimation, decoding, precoding Channel hardening in large random matrices help

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 22 / 53

slide-23
SLIDE 23

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Channel hardening in large random matrices Magnitude plots of HHH for different sizes of random matrix H

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8

  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 8 x 8

(e) 8 × 8

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 23 / 53

slide-24
SLIDE 24

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Channel hardening in large random matrices Magnitude plots of HHH for different sizes of random matrix H

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8

  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 8 x 8

(i) 8 × 8

10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40

  • 40
  • 20

20 40 60 32 x 32

(j) 32 × 32

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 23 / 53

slide-25
SLIDE 25

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Channel hardening in large random matrices Magnitude plots of HHH for different sizes of random matrix H

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8

  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 8 x 8

(m) 8 × 8

10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40

  • 40
  • 20

20 40 60 32 x 32

(n) 32 × 32

20 40 60 80 100 50 100

  • 50

50 100 150 96 x 96

(o) 96 × 96

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 23 / 53

slide-26
SLIDE 26

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Channel hardening in large random matrices Magnitude plots of HHH for different sizes of random matrix H

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8

  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 8 x 8

(q) 8 × 8

10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40

  • 40
  • 20

20 40 60 32 x 32

(r) 32 × 32

20 40 60 80 100 50 100

  • 50

50 100 150 96 x 96

(s) 96 × 96 (t) 256 × 256

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 23 / 53

slide-27
SLIDE 27

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Simple algorithms – Good performance Local search based signal detection

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10

  • 6

10

  • 5

10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10

Average Received SNR (dB) Bit Error Rate

ZF-LAS (1 x 1) ZF-LAS (10 x 10 MIMO) ZF-LAS (50 x 50 MIMO) ZF-LAS (100 x 100 MIMO) ZF-LAS (200 x 200 MIMO) ZF-LAS (400 x 400 MIMO) Increasing # antennas improves BER performance BPSK

————————-

* K. V. Vardhan, S. K. Mohammed, A. Chockalingam, and B. S. Rajan, A low-complexity detector for large MIMO systems and multicarrier CDMA systems, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 473-485, Apr. 2008.

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 24 / 53

slide-28
SLIDE 28

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Project NAVA A large MIMO technology demonstrator project Goal

Demonstrate Gigabit transmission over-the-air

Joint project: IISc, DRDO, and private industry IISc provides system design, core algorithms and IPs Private industry : develop/manufacture main subsystems

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 25 / 53

slide-29
SLIDE 29

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA

IP Ethernet Application UDP IP Ethernet Application UDP NAVA NAVA B Terminal NAVA A Ethernet 10Gb Ethernet 10Gb Ethernet Video server NAVA MAC Ethernet Client Videoserver Terminal Client MAC NAVAPHY NAVAPHY

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 26 / 53

slide-30
SLIDE 30

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA System

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 27 / 53

slide-31
SLIDE 31

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA High level specifications

Parameter Value Data rate 1 Gbps Bandwidth 40 MHz Spectral efficiency 25 bps/Hz Carrier frequency 2.5 GHz

  • No. transmit antennas

16

  • No. receive antennas

20

Frequency plan

40 MHz 40 MHz Downlink Uplink 2.475 GHz 2.725 GHz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 28 / 53

slide-32
SLIDE 32

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - Antenna unit 20-antenna MIMO cube at 2.5 GHz technology: PIFA

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 29 / 53

slide-33
SLIDE 33

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - RF unit

16 Tx chains:

IF: 220 ± 20 MHZ; RF: 2725 ± 20 MHz

20 Rx chains:

RF: 2475 ± 20 MHz; IF: 140 ± 20 MHz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 30 / 53

slide-34
SLIDE 34

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA Baseband unit

. . . . . .

35 MHz 20MHz ± 20MHz ± 20MHz ± Interface Ethernet T x R x Rx Tx 1 2 n MAC FPGA DAC1 DAC2 DAC16 ADC1 ADC2 ADC20 Keyboard Display UserData 10Gb Ethernet Serial Configuration (Laptop/PC) Interface NAVA NAVA NAVA Rx FPGAs connectors BU MAC PHY 220 MHz 140 MHz ±20MHz 24.8 MHz 20 FPGA SMA (From Tx connectors 16 SMA (to RFU) RFU) (Front panel) /

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 31 / 53

slide-35
SLIDE 35

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - Baseband unit

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 32 / 53

slide-36
SLIDE 36

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - Digital board

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 33 / 53

slide-37
SLIDE 37

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - Baseband unit

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 34 / 53

slide-38
SLIDE 38

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - IF converter board

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 35 / 53

slide-39
SLIDE 39

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA - Baseband unit

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 36 / 53

slide-40
SLIDE 40

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Inside NAVA FPGAs

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 37 / 53

slide-41
SLIDE 41

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

NAVA terminal

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 38 / 53

slide-42
SLIDE 42

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Large multiuser MIMO (proposed architecture for 5G) BS with hundreds of antennas & tens of users with 1 antenna each

Massive MIMO, Hiper-MIMO, Higher-order MIMO, Large-scale MIMO

  • S. K. Mohammed, A. Chockalingam, and B. S. Rajan, A low-complexity precoder for large multiuser MISO systems,
  • Proc. IEEE VTC’2008, pp. 797-801, May 2008.
  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 39 / 53

slide-43
SLIDE 43

MIMO - An ace PHY feature in Gigabit wireless

Large multiuser MIMO

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 40 / 53

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Spatial modulation

Space shift keying (SSK)

nt transmit antennas; 1 transmit RF chain m = log2 nt bits choose an antenna chosen antenna transmits a tone; other antennas remain silent bits conveyed through antenna index (m bpcu)

nt = 64, 1 Tx RF chain, 6 bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 41 / 53

slide-45
SLIDE 45

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Spatial modulation

SSK performance

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 10

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 Average recieved SNR (dB) Bit Error Rate SISO, Nt=1, Nr=1, 64-QAM SIMO, Nt=1, Nr=6, 64-QAM MIMO, Nt=6, Nr=6, BPSK SSK, Nt=64, Nr=6

6 bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 42 / 53

slide-46
SLIDE 46

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Spatial modulation

An M-ary modulation symbol (e.g., M-QAM) is sent on the chosen antenna m + log2 M bpcu

Data bits to SM signal mapping for m = 2, nt = 4 Antenna sel. SM Tx. signal Status of Tx antennas (nt = 2m = 4) bits, m = 2 vector, x Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna 4 0 0 [x, 0, 0, 0]T x ∈ AM OFF OFF OFF 0 1 [0, x, 0, 0]T OFF x ∈ AM OFF OFF 1 0 [0, 0, x, 0]T OFF OFF x ∈ AM OFF 1 1 [0, 0, 0, x]T OFF OFF OFF x ∈ AM

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 43 / 53

slide-47
SLIDE 47

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

GSM Two limitations in SM and SSK

nt limited to powers of 2 number of RF chains restricted to 1

GSM removes both the above restrictions

nt is not restricted to power of 2 nrf transmit RF chains, 1 ≤ nrf ≤ nt

In GSM

nrf out of nt antennas will be active simultaneously an nrf × nt switch connects RF chains to Tx antennas each active antenna will send a M-ary symbol on it remaining nt − nrf antennas remain silent

Spectral efficiency of GSM

R =

  • log2

nt nrf

  • # ant. sel. bits

+ nrf log2 M

  • # M-ary modln. bits

bpcu

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 44 / 53

slide-48
SLIDE 48

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

GSM Total no. of antenna activation patterns: L = nt

nrf

  • Only 2K, K =
  • log2

nt

nrf

  • patterns are needed

Select any K patterns out of L patterns and form a set Call this set as ‘antenna activation pattern set’, S An example:

Let nt = 4, nrf = 2, M = 4 (i.e., 4-QAM) = ⇒ L = 6, K = 2, R = 6 bpcu Possible activation patterns (L = 6):

  • [1, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 1]
  • Chosen activation patterns (2K = 4):

S =

  • [1, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1]
  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 45 / 53

slide-49
SLIDE 49

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

GSM

Data bits to GSM signal mapping for nt = 4, nrf = 2 6 bpcu for 4-QAM

Data bits

  • Ant. activity

Antenna status K = 2 bits pattern Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna 4 0 0 [1, 1, 0, 0]T x1 ∈ AM x2 ∈ AM OFF OFF 0 1 [1, 0, 1, 0]T x1 ∈ AM OFF x2 ∈ AM OFF 1 0 [0, 1, 0, 1]T OFF x1 ∈ AM OFF x2 ∈ AM 1 1 [0, 0, 1, 1]T OFF OFF x1 ∈ AM x2 ∈ AM Example: Let 010011 denote the information bit sequence 1st two bits choose activity pattern 2nd two bits form one 4-QAM symbol 3rd two bits form another 4-QAM symbol Tx vector is x = [1 + j, 0, −1 − j, 0]T

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 46 / 53

slide-50
SLIDE 50

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

SSK, SM, GSM

Parameters and spectral efficiencies of SSK, SM, GSM

Modulation # Tx antennas # RF chains Spectral efficiency (nt) (nrf ) (bpcu) SSK 2m, m ∈ {1, 2, · · · } 1 m SM 2m, m ∈ {1, 2, · · · } 1 m + log2 M GSM ∈ {1, 2, · · · } ∈ {1, · · · , nt}

  • log2

nt

nrf

  • + nrf log2 M
  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 47 / 53

slide-51
SLIDE 51

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Achievable rates in GSM

5 10 15 20 25 30 10 17 20 30 35 40 50 60 64 70 80

Number of transmit RF chains, nrf Achievable rate, R (bpcu)

nt=4 nt=8 nt=12 nt=16 nt=22 nt=32

n rf=13 n rf=24 n rf=16

Achievable rate R as a function of nrf in GSM for different values of nt and 4-QAM.

————————-

* T. Datta and A. Chockalingam, On Generalized Spatial Modulation, IEEE WCNC’2013, Shanghai, Apr. 2013.

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 48 / 53

slide-52
SLIDE 52

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

NAVA-Plus GSM extension to NAVA

Modulation nt nrf Spectral efficiency 4-QAM 16 16 32 bps/Hz 4-QAM 20 20 40 bps/Hz 4-QAM 20 16 44 bps/Hz

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 49 / 53

slide-53
SLIDE 53

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Book

Release by January 2014

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 50 / 53

slide-54
SLIDE 54

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

4 P’s Papers Patents Prototypes Products

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 51 / 53

slide-55
SLIDE 55

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-56
SLIDE 56

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

Large MIMO is a key enabling technology

major technological bottlenecks have been cleared under various stages of development and testing worldwide being considered as the technology for 5G, HEW

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-57
SLIDE 57

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

Large MIMO is a key enabling technology

major technological bottlenecks have been cleared under various stages of development and testing worldwide being considered as the technology for 5G, HEW

India needs to

get active in the standardization efforts of 5G and HEW

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-58
SLIDE 58

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

Large MIMO is a key enabling technology

major technological bottlenecks have been cleared under various stages of development and testing worldwide being considered as the technology for 5G, HEW

India needs to

get active in the standardization efforts of 5G and HEW push for India-centric use cases and interests

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-59
SLIDE 59

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

Large MIMO is a key enabling technology

major technological bottlenecks have been cleared under various stages of development and testing worldwide being considered as the technology for 5G, HEW

India needs to

get active in the standardization efforts of 5G and HEW push for India-centric use cases and interests promote product companies and the eco-system

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-60
SLIDE 60

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Concluding remarks Gigabit wireless – a reality now

can trigger interesting and new use cases and applications

Large MIMO is a key enabling technology

major technological bottlenecks have been cleared under various stages of development and testing worldwide being considered as the technology for 5G, HEW

India needs to

get active in the standardization efforts of 5G and HEW push for India-centric use cases and interests promote product companies and the eco-system grow the technology base and exploit the Indian market

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 52 / 53

slide-61
SLIDE 61

Spatial modulation - Another ace PHY feature

Thank you

  • A. Chockalingam ( Department of ECE, IISc )

Gigabit Access in Wireless 18 October 2013 53 / 53