A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search using a dielectric resonant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search using a dielectric resonant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 01, 2022 128 likes •332 views

Mnchen, Nov. 30-Dec. 1 st 2015 Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter B. Majorovits A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search using a dielectric resonant cavity A. Caldwell, C. Gooch, A. Hambarzumjan, B. Majorovits, A. Millar, G. Raffelt, J. Redondo, O.

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

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  • Dec. 1st 2015, München

A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search using a dielectric resonant cavity

  • Motivation: QCD Dark Matter Axions
  • The experimental idea
  • First simulations & measurements, expected sensitivity
  • Proposed magnet and prototype setup at MPI
  • Further plans
  • A. Caldwell, C. Gooch, A. Hambarzumjan, B. Majorovits, A. Millar,
  • G. Raffelt, J. Redondo, O. Reimann, F. Simon, F. Steffen

MPI für Physik, München, Germany

  • J. Redondo

University of Zaragoza, Spain

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

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Peccei Quinn mechanism: Add dynamical, spontaneously broken field New pseudoscalar particle: Axion (oscillation around minimum) Neutron EDM very small Strong force (nearly?) invariant under CP while weak force CP violating

Motivation: solution to strong CP problem

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

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QCD Axions could also explain dark matter!

Scenario I: Prediction for symmetry breaking before inflation Being experimentally covered Scenario II: Prediction for symmetry breaking after inflation: decay of strings and domain walls Experimentally not covered Axion mass [eV]

Motivation: QCD axions as cold dark matter

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

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Experimental idea

Axion field mixes with photon field in a static B-field At surfaces (reflecting or change in refractive index): emission of photons in both directions

Many surfaces → resonator→ “photon boost”

Boost factor: power generated in resonator/power generated

  • n single metallic (εr=∞)

surface (P/A)single surface ~ 2 ∙ 10–27 W/m2 ∙ (B║/5T)2 ∙ (cγ/2)2 (P/A)resonant cavity ~ 2 ∙ 10–27 W/m2 ∙ (B║/5T)2 ∙ (cγ/2)2 ∙ (Boost factor)

  • D. Horns, J. Jaeckel, A. Lindner, A. Lobanov, J. Redondo and A.

Ringwald JCAP 1304 (2013) 016 [arXiv:1212.2970].

  • J. Jaeckel and J. Redondo, Phys. Rev. D 88

(2013) 115002 [arXiv:1308.1103]

Boost depends on: frequency, ε of materials, number of surfaces, displacement between surfaces, etc.

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

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Detection system Reflector ~10T dipole Magnet High precision motor drive Resonator with 80 high ε plates, spacing ~mm to cm range for boost in the frequency band 10 to 100 GHz Metallic disc (εr=∞)

Experimental idea

 20cm – 200cm 

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

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20 plates with εr = 24 (LaAlO3) Bandwidth per setting: ~250MHz Precision of placement of high ε plates needed: ~few μm Frequency [GHz] Boost Factor

First simulations: the boost factor

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

First simulations: the boost factor

Area (β · bandwidth) as function of number of dielectrics

  • Maximum boost factor scales ~quadratically with number of discs
  • Area of boost peak scales ~linearly with number of discs

Simulations suggest: disc placement (80 discs) with precision of few μm is enough to achieve β~105 with a bandwidth of tens of MHz Boost factor can be probed by reflectance and transmittance measurements Number of dielectrics Number of dielectrics

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 20 40 60 80 100

β

7

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

First measurements: transmission

  • 5 AlO3 discs with diameter 100mm positioned within uncertaintiy ~ 1mm
  • Disc positions determines

transmission, reflection and boost factor (β) curves

  • Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.

 Verification of boost by transmission measurement!

10,0G 15,0G 20,0G 25,0G 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

Transmission Frequency (GHz)

Waveguide Cut-off Region

Amplifier and filter Transmitter AlO3 plates

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

First measurements: sensitivity

0.595 0.6 0.605 0.61 0.615 0.62 0.625 x 10

  • 9

1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 x 10

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  • Inject fake axion signal with 3.10-21 W power
  • Mesurement for one week (integrate signal): Receiver at Room Temp.

 Independent „blind“ analysis  found > 6σ signal succesfully  At LHe: noise level factor 100 better  Sensitivity at the level of 10-23 W expected

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

Expected 4σ detection sensitivity with and without boost for 80 discs, 1m2 surface, 10T B-field, τ=200h, 50MHz boost andwidth,

First measurements: sensitivity

10

105 boost

10-5 10-3 0.1

10-16 10-10 10-12 10-14

Coupling constant gAγγ [GeV-1] Δνa=10-6 ; Cryogenic preamp @ 8 K Axion mass [eV] In case of 4σ evidence: re- scan frequency range to achieve > 6σ sensitivity

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

11 Two superimposed coils, oppositely skewed, achieve a pure cosine-theta field and eliminate axial field.

Inner coil structure Mandrels integrate windings and structure, assemble poles and are part of the reaction and impregnation tooling.

The Canted-Cosine-Theta of the Superconducting Magnet Group

  • f the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Idea for ~10T magnet

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

First prototype setup at MPI

Water / Myon-Veto (Č)‏ Cryo-tank Germanium Array

Wave guides Removable copper mirror Dielectric discs Mirror Horn antenna Mirror

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Precision motors Slides for discs Prototype setup partly funded as seed project by:

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

First prototype setup at MPI

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Prototype setup partly funded as seed project by:

  • Test correlation btw.

transmission and boost factor

  • Test needed disc prescision
  • Evaluate uncertainties
  • R&D on tiling
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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

  • B. Majorovits

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First prototype setup at MPI

  • Test correlation btw.

transmission and boost factor

  • Test needed disc prescision
  • Evaluate uncertainties
  • R&D on tiling

Prototype setup partly funded as seed project by:

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

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First prototype setup at MPI

  • Test correlation btw.

transmission and boost factor

  • Test needed disc prescision
  • Evaluate uncertainties
  • R&D on tiling

Prototype setup partly funded as seed project by:

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Further plans

2016:

  • Finish first test measurements at room temperature at MPI
  • Test noise of preamplifier at LHe temperature
  • Find additional collaborators for specific parts of project
  • Start design of 10T magnet
  • Develope technique to cover frequencies above 30 GHz
  • R&D on production of large diameter high-ε discs

2017-2018:

  • Demonstrate low noise performance, operation with many discs,

scalability to 1m diameter, work in ~10 T environment

  • Build prototype with preamp in LHe in cryostat and resonator in

magnetic field 2019:

  • Start building full scale experiment
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C O N C L U S I O N S

  • Axions in the mass range tens to hundres of μeV

could solve strong CP problem AND Dark Matter

  • Open dielectric resonator with 80 discs might boost

axion to photon conversion rate by 5 orders of magnitude

  • First measurements with low noise preamp

promising: With 80 big enough discs in 10 T B-field: sensitivity enough to probe models

  • 10 T dipole magnet with 1m inner hole „very doable“
  • Proof of principle setup being produced
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Preparations: detectable power

0.0 5.0k 10.0k 15.0k 20.0k 25.0k 0.0 2.0x10

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4.0x10

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6.0x10

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8.0x10

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1.0x10

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Signal (Noise) Level (8) Expected Noise Level TSys=150K,=600s Signal and Noise Power (W) Filter Bandwidth (Hz) Measured Noise Level

3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G

  • 2.0x10
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0.0 2.0x10

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4.0x10

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6.0x10

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1.2x10

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Detector Power (W) Detector Frequency (Hz) 100kHz Bandwidth:10kHz

With LN temperature background

Attenuated signal (70dB in LN) detected with 8σ significance  Proved that detection system can be operated at the physical limit Extrapolation of sensitivty for cryo detector at 8K: 10-20 W/Hz1/2 (NEP)

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Prospects in Low Mass Dark Matter München, Nov. 30-Dec. 1st 2015

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Proposed seed project

High precision motors to test ~μm precision of relative plate positioning Different high ε plates with diameter 200mm to test transmission behavior for different ε:  cross check simulations, ε dependence, tiling of plates, precision

  • f geometries

Cryogenic low noise amplifier for reference measurements Significant improvement of existing setup necessary: