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A new earth observation tool using multiple stable isotopes : an example of eutrophication diagnosis in Lake Biwa, Japan GEOSS in in F FUTURE EARTH 1. Inter-disciplinarity 2. Trans-disciplinarity Researches with different disciplines
2014-5-27 Takanori Nakano
A new earth observation tool using multiple stable isotopes : an example of eutrophication diagnosis in Lake Biwa, Japan
西条市役所
環境衛生課GEOSS in in F FUTURE EARTH
Researches with different disciplines
Integration of observation tools for earth diagnosis
Researches for societies
Collaborative observation with societies
A new earth observation tool using multiple stable isotopes : an example of eutrophication diagnosis in Lake Biwa, Japan
Water-cycle
(AWCI)
Water-diversity Bio-diversity
Separate unify communicate (AP-BON) GEOSS in in F FUTURE EARTH
inter-disciplinary science
diagnosis using stable isotopes from trans-disciplinary approach
海底湧出水
The diversity of water-quality is formed during the water circulation process
seepage
海底湧出水
The diversity of water-quality is reflected in that of biota
seepage
海底湧出水
水質の多様性が生物に反映される
The diversity of human activities affects and alters those of water-quality and biota
seepage
It is important to develop an integrated observation tool regarding the diversity of water quality, covering bio-diversity, water-cycle, food and health risks…. ・Biota and water are composed of many elements. ・Earth observation using multiple stable isotopes (fingerprint of element) can link the researches among biodiversity, water cycle, agriculture, food….. ・Stable isotope method has been applied separately.
food and health security
Deterioration of freshwater lake ecosystem in Asia
Major Lake in the world
（年）
Population change in the lake Biwa watershed
Population (x104) year
Corbicula
(endemic species)
（year） Fishery (ton) Biodiversity-loss
（％）
20 40 60 80 100
1970 1980 1990 2000 ( 年）
Provision of Shiga prefecture
(Shiga P.) (Japan)
Penetration rate
(year)
0.005 0.015 0.025 0.035 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
全リン
(mg/L)
年
北湖 南湖
environmental criteria
South
North
total phosphorous
(year)
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005(年)
(mg/L)
北湖 南湖
North basin South basin
Yearly change of dissolved nitrogen
(year)
Development of water quality diagnosis
Monitoring Transparency, Escherichia coli N, P・・･
nitrogen(N): 61％ phosphrous(P): 91％ are removed in lake bybiological activities！
北部 西部 東部 南部
87Sr/86Sr of tributary river at downstream site
north west east south north west east south R.Ado R.Ishida R.Kamo R.Hira
R.Hino R.Seri
R.Mano R.Oura
北部 西部 東部 南部
north west east south north west east south R.Ado R.Ishida R.Kamo R.Hira
R.Hino R.Seri
R.Mano R.Oura
Lake Biwa
87Sr/86Sr of tributary river at downstream site
Mollusca Aquatic plant
Ｗａｔｅr in river+lake
Organisms have the same 87Sr/86Sr as ambient water
If the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of water changed, that of biota would accordingly change.
B I W A
Yanomune R. Mano R. Momose R. Oura R. Seri R.
reconstruct lake water quality in the past using lives in lake Biwa
By using stable isotope ratios of Isaza, it is possible to reconctruct the yearly change of water quality in lake Biwa. Biota and water contains various elements nitrogen、oxygen、hydrogen、sulfur、strontium
1960 1980 2010 2000 1990 1970 0.7128 0.7126 0.7124 0.7122 0.7120
87Sr
86
(year)
(Ishi et al､2001、Ito et al、unpublished data）
Jomon period
Biwa 北部 西部 東部 南部
north west east south north west east south
87Sr/86Sr of tributary river at downstream site
Dominant contribution of tributaries with lower 87Sｒ/86Sr than lake Biwa
（Ogawa et al., 2001)
dominance of heavy-N (15N) with time
4.5 ‰ < δ15N 3.0 ‰ < δ15N < 4.5 ‰ 2.0 ‰ < δ15N < 3.0 ‰ δ15N < 2.0 ‰
Population density
(Hyodo et al）
Nitrogen isotope of mud in the tributary
34 32
Lake water
(year)
（Ito et al., unpublished data）
Lake Biwa (past) (present)
north west east south
Sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S)
Tributaries with higher δ34S than lake Biwa are less contributted
low 34S/32S and low 87Sr/86Sr and high 15N/14N
Compared to lake Biwa
Rivers which can explain the yearly change of Sr, N, and S isotope ratios of lake water. River with high 34S/32S
Bunroku R. Nomazu R. Rivers in agricultural area
View at the mouth of Bunroku river on May 2004.
Muddy water enriched in P and N from paddy
change of agriculture system disappearance of inland lake after 1970s
Workshop with local people to the ecosystem preservation of lake
Satsuma town Shinkai town
Inari town
from environmental diagnosis to action
Communication between researchers and citizens through collaborative making of water- quality map （Akanoi Bay in Lake Biwa）
Discussion
Akanoi
Environmental diagnosis using stable isotopes and using samples of water and biota is useful and contributes to inter-disciplinary researches, but in order to develop this method in many fields of environmental studies and to be used as monitoring tool, trans-disciplinary approach would be prerequisite and effective.
西条市役所
環境衛生課Trans-disciplinary approach with inter-disciplinary observation method using multiple isotopes
Global map of δ18O value of precipitation by IAEA
（http://nds121.iaea.org/wiser/gui/map.php）
>-30
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～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～
～ < 0
δ18O
（‰）
Monitoring from 1957
Circulation of water vapor → Bio-diversity, origin of food..
Hydrogen isotope ratios in mean annual precipitation. Courtesy of Gabriel Bowen.
Annual mean oxygen isotope ratios in leaf water. Courtesy of Jason West.
http://isoscapes2008.wordpress.com/
18
ISO SOSC SCAPE (map ap of stab able i le isotope)
Voerkelius et al., 2010, FC
Sr isotope map of bottled water
Promotion o
diagn gnosis u using g multi-isotopes
Soc
as a tool
env enviro ironm nment ental d dia iagno gnosis is
Laboratory
Inter-university research institute
62 stable isotopes in nature
西条市役所
環境衛生課場所 水温 井戸深度
location
RIHN as Inter-university Research Institute
Water-quality map
in collaboration with Universities visualization of water quality
Otsuchi Yuza Laoss Philippine
Otsuchi Yuza Laoss Philippine
Otsuchi Yuza Laoss Philippine
Water quality map
stable isotopes Pollution and Traceability information
西条市役所
環境衛生課場所 水温 井戸深度
location
GEOSS in Asia In order to build a co-monitoring network in Asia-Pacific region (extension of AP-BON) ・ collaboration research system among research institute, universities, and societies… ・ making a local water-quality map including stable isotopes and its bottom-up extension to Asia ・ contributing to the creation of trans-disciplinary science with capacity-building
RIHN as Inter-university Research Institute