Observation from Space - GPM - GCOM-W SHIZUKU Misako KACHI Earth - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Misako KACHI

Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Observation from Space

• GPM
• GCOM-W “SHIZUKU”

IGARSS 2011, 25 July 2011

The ALOS-2 satellite successfully launched

• n May 24, 2014!

Plan to release first light 1 month after the launch, and data by 6 months.

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Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

International mission consisting of the GPM Core Observatory and Constellation Satellites for high accurate and frequent global precipitation observation

Core Observatory: developed under NASA and JAXA equal partnership.

Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) developed by JAXA and NICT GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) developed by NASA

Constellation satellites: provided by international partners.

GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST).

KuPR: 13.6GHz radar (phased array) KaPR: 35.5GHz radar (phased array) GMI (Microwave Imager) Core Observatory by NASA-JAXA Constellation Satellites by international partners

GPM Core Observatory

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Scientific targets derived from the GPM/DPR

Offering knowledge regarding climate variations

Continuous precipitation observation data from TRMM to GPM

Offering highly reliable knowledge regarding precipitation science

Observation of cumulonimbus, tropical cyclones, diurnal variations of precipitation in the tropics Observation of precipitation over the mid-to-high latitude frontal zones

Offering near-real-time precipitation information

Utilization in numerical weather prediction in JMA Utilization in flood alert/warning system, etc.

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GPM Core Observatory Launch: 3:37 am on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST)

Launch from the JAXA Tanegashima Space Center by the H-IIA F23 rocket Separation of the spacecraft

NASA JAXA JAXA

CG image

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NASA-JAXA Joint First Images from the GPM Core Observatory

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JAXA/NASA NASA/JAXA NASA/JAXA

Extratropical Cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean (around 40N, 167E) around 1330Z on 10

• Mar. 2014. GMI 36-GHz H TB is overlaying to the

Geostationary IR provided by JMA and NOAA.

↑Three dimensional structure of precipitation captured by DPR. →Surface precipitation captured by GMI.

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JAXA’s Role within GPM Project

Development of DPR with NICT Launch of GPM Core Observatory by H-IIA rocket Development of algorithms, GV, and GPM data processing and data distribution system to provide to end users GCOM-W1 as one of constellation satellites Promotion of GPM data utilization and application in Japan and Asia

Since 2 0 1 2

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Overview of GPM-GSMaP Algorithm

(Okamoto et al. 2005, Kubota et al, 2007, Aonashi et al. 2009, Ushio et al. 2009, Shige et al. 2009, Kachi et al. 2011, Taniguchi et al., 2013, Mega et al., 2014, etc.)

IR Imager

Good: high- frequent (wide swath, multi- satellites) Bad: cannot measure vertical structure (need

• info. from radar)

Microwave Imager / Sounder

TRMM PR Precipitation Radar GPM Core DPR

Rainfall Data Base

Geostationary Satellite Global Rainfall Map +Gauge-calibrated Rainfall

(0.1x0.1 deg. box, Hourly) new

Merged Microwave Rainfall Data GPM Core GMI GCOM-W1 AMSR2

DMSP SSM/I, SSMIS NOAA/MetOp AMSU (sounder)

GSMaP Microwave Radiometer Algorithms Rainfall Data from each Microwave Radiometer

Microwave-IR Merged Algorithm (CMV, K/F)

GSMaP web site -- http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/

new

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GSMaP Improvements from the TRMM Era to the GPM Era

Increase of observations by microwave radiometers (in short-term)

Increase of input microwave radiometers (8  12) GMI can observe 70N-70S area more than TMI (38N-38S)

Update of GSMaP algorithms (in short-term)

Improvements in microwave imager algorithm based on AMSR2 precipitation standard algorithm, including new land algorithm, new coast detection scheme, etc. Development of orographic rainfall correction method for warm rainfall in coastal area Update of database, including rainfall detection over land, land surface emission database developed by Japanese DPR/GMI combined team, etc. Development of microwave sounder algorithm over land Development of gauge-calibrated GSMaP algorithm, etc.

Precipitation observation by DPR over the mid-to-high latitudes (in long-term)

Transition from current PR-based database to new DPR&PR-based one Improvement of accuracy of precipitation estimation in high latitudes by utilizing higher frequency channels in GMI and microwave sounders.

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Example of GPM-GSMaP

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Gauge-calibrated hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012 Hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012

P11 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Correla latio ion Date MVK_Correlation Gauge_Correlation MFW_Correlation NRT_Correlation MVK_15日移動平均 Gauge_15日移動平均 MFW_15日移動平均 NRT_15日移動平均

Comparison with RadarAMeDAS: Correlation coefficients

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• 2 types of medium-sized satellites covering observation of essential

climate variables

Instrument Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 Orbit Sun Synchronous orbit Altitude：699.6km (on Equator) Inclination: 98.2 degrees Local sun time: 13:30+/-15 min Size 5.1m (X) * 17.5m (Y) * 3.4m (Z) (on-

• rbit)

Mass 1991kg Power gen. More than 3880W (EOL) Launch May 18, 2012 Design Life 5-years

GCOM-W (Water)

Instrument Second-generation Global Imager Orbit Sun Synchronous orbit Altitude：798km (on Equator) Inclination: 98.6 deg. Local sun time: 10:30+/- 15min Size 4.6m (X) * 16.3m (Y) * 2.8m (Z) (on

• rbit)

Mass 2093kg Power gen. More than 4000W (EOL) Launch JFY 2016 Design Life 5-years

GCOM-C (Climate)

“SHIZUKU”

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GCOM Satellites

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Successor of AMSR-E on Aqua and AMSR on ADEOS-II. Deployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter (1.6m for AMSR-E). Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. Two-point external calibration with improved HTS (hot-load). Add a redundant momentum wheel to increase reliability.

GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics Scan and rate Conical scan at 40 rpm Antenna Offset parabola with 2.0m dia. Swath width 1450km (effective > 1600km) Incidence angle Nominal 55 degrees Digitization 12bits Dynamic range 2.7-340K Polarization Vertical and horizontal AMSR2 Channel Set Center Freq. [GHz] Band width [MHz] Pol. Beam width [deg] (Ground res. [km]) Sampling interval [km] 6.925/ 7.3 350 V and H 1.8 (35 x 62) 10 10.65 100 1.2 (24 x 42) 18.7 200 0.65 (14 x 22) 23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26) 36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12) 89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5

AMSR2 I nstrum ent

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GCOM-W Status

 May 17, 2012: Launch  June 28, 2012: Injection into A-Train  July 3, 2012: First images of AMSR2  August 10, 2012: Completion of initial checkout  January 25, 2013: AMSR2 Level 1 (Brightness temperature) products release to the public  May 10 - 14, 2013: AMSR2 Observation halt (SPC A to B); caused by Single Event Upset, no critical problem to the instrument  May 17, 2013: AMSR2 Level 2 (Geophysical) products release to the public (Successful completion of Initial Cal/ Val)  The GCOM-W1 satellite system and AMSR2 instrument are working well.  Level 1, 2, and 3 products will be updated late this year. Data Providing Service System

https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp

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AMSR2 Standard Products

Products Areas Res. Required Accuracy Current Accuracy PI Release Standard

G E O Integrated water vapor Global, over

• cean

15km ±3.5kg/m2 ±3.5kg/m2 2.9kg/m2 Kazumori Integrated cloud liquid water Global, over

• cean

15km ±0.10kg/m2 ±0.05kg/m2 0.05kg/m2 Kazumori Precipitation Global, except cold latitude 15km Ocean ±50% Land ±120% Ocean ±50% Land ±120% Ocean 47% Land 91% Aonashi Sea surface temperature Global, over

• cean

50km ±0.8℃ ±0.5℃ 0.56℃ Shibata Sea surface wind speed Global, over

• cean

15km ±1.5m/s ±1.0m/s 1.1m/s Shibata Sea ice concentration Polar region,

• ver ocean

15km ±10% ±10% 9% Comiso and Cho Snow depth Land 30km ±20cm ±20cm 16cm Kelly Soil moisture Land 50km ±10% ±10% 4% Koike

Research algorithms are not listed here.

Monthly AMSR2 Composite Movie

• Apr. 2013 – Mar. 2014

Global composite image produced from sea surface temperature, integrated cloud liquid water, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture content observed by AMSR2 in April 2013. For sea ice, the maximal extent in April is shown in white. For cloud liquid water, areas with monthly mean of 0.2 mm or larger are shown in perfect white, and areas with less cloud water by changing transparency. Other geophysical parameters are shown by monthly mean.

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Agro-Meteorological Monitoring

May 1 – 15, 2012 May 16 – 31, 2012 June 1 – 15, 2012 June 16 – 30, 2012

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URL : https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp/auth.html

Top menu of GCOM-W Data Providing Service

“Login” as a guest is acceptable, but only data search and browsing is available. After registration, all services (searching, data providing, getting tool kit etc) are available. Click here, to make registration.

How to get AMSR2 Data

19 To Mr. Norimasa Ito, GCOM -W1 Mission Manager, Space Applications Mission Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency I hereby apply for “Special User” services through the GCOM-W1 Data Providing service as follows. I have already agreed with the on-line data utilization policies of the GCOM-W1 Data Providing service and have registered for the Service using the following identification information. In addition, I agree to submit the results of my research or utilization results using the GCOM-W1 data to JAXA every fiscal year. Registered user ID Data required Period of utilization of data Purpose, etc. (Signature) (Name) (Affiliation/Department,etc.) (Address)

Report of the utilization resurts is required every year.

To Get Near Real Tim e Products

“Special User” Application Form

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Sum m ary

 The GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on

• Feb. 28, 2014 (JST).

 DPR and GMI first images were released on Mar. 25

 Revealed 3D structure and overview of extratropical cyclone in good shape

 GPM data will be released to public 6-month after launch from both JAXA and NASA

 All GPM data will be released to public after the data release review (6-month after launch = early September)  JAXA: G-Portal (https:/ / w w w .gportal.jaxa.jp)

 GCOM-W1 was successfully launched on May 18, 2012 and is continuing global observation from July 3, 2012. All AMSR2 productsdata is now available from the GCOM-W Data Providing Service System (https:/ / gcom - w 1 .jaxa.jp/ )

 NRT data will be available to users who submit “special user” application form through the system

 Update of AMSR2 L1-L3 algorithm is currently planning in late 2014 (or early 2015)

 Calibration/ validation results, AMSR2 Quick Looks, RA materials, data handling manuals are available at; http:/ / suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/ GCOM_ W /