5. From "Jazz Age" to Depression: The Tragedy of the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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5. From "Jazz Age" to Depression: The Tragedy of the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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5. From "Jazz Age" to Depression: The Tragedy of the 1920's 5.1. "The Age of Wonderful Nonsense" 5.2. "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?" 5.1. "The Age of Wonderful Nonsense" 5.1.1 "The Business of

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  • 5. From "Jazz Age" to Depression: The

Tragedy of the 1920's

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5.1. "The Age of Wonderful Nonsense" 5.2. "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"

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5.1. "The Age of Wonderful Nonsense"

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5.1.1 "The Business of America Is Business" 5.1.2 A Return to Normalcy 5.1.3 Silent Cal

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5.1.4 The Consumer Age 5.1.5 Demographic Trends 5.1.6 Age of Wonderful Nonsense

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5.1.7 America in Transition 5.1.8 Age of Intolerance 5.1.9 From Lost Generation to Harlem Renaissance

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5.1.1 "The Business of America Is Business"

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Big Business and America

  • Era starts with brief

postwar economic decline

  • Growth -> installment

buying

  • Oligopolies
  • A few businesses

control entire industries

  • U.S. Steel, G.E.
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  • Associations & “New

Lobbying”

  • Trade organizations

swap info

  • Lobbying:
  • rganizations work to

convince legislators to support their interests

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Court Cases Hinder Organized Labor

  • Coronado Coal

Company v. United Mine Workers (1922)

  • Strikers guilty of

illegal restraint of trade

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  • Maple Floor Association
  • v. U.S. (1929)
  • Trade organizations that

distributed anti-union info were not acting in restraint of trade

  • Bailey v. Drexel

Furniture Company (1922)

  • Voided restrictions on

child labor

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  • Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital (1923)

  • Overturned minimum

wage law affecting women because it infringed on right to contract

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5.1.2 A Return to Normalcy

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  • Scandals under

Harding

  • Illegitimate child
  • Cronies used offices

for personal gain

  • Albert Fall: took

bribes to lease government property to oil companies (Teapot Dome)

Politics

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  • Coolidge Prosperity
  • Reduced federal debt,

lowered income tax rates, built national highway

  • “Business of America

is business.”

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5.1.3 Silent Cal

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Calvin Coolidge & the “Jazz Age”

Coolidge’s hands-off policies were sweet music to big business.

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  • 19th Amendment (1919)
  • Lobbied on issues

such as birth control, peace, education, lynchings

Women and Politics

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  • Sheppard-Towner Act

(1921): Allotted funds to states to create maternity and pediatric clinics to reduce infant mortality

  • The Cable Act (1922):

U.S. woman who married a foreigner retains U.S. citizenship

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5.1.4 The Consumer Age

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  • Cars become a

“necessity”

  • Wages and salaries

grow

  • “Keeping up with the

Joneses”

  • People buy beyond

their means

Consumer Society

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  • Advertising
  • Manipulated people’s

tastes

  • Radio
  • Focused on

entertainment, economic promotion

  • Government-owned

airwaves

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5.1.5 Demographic Trends

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  • 1920s: For the first

time, a majority of Americans lived in urban areas

  • Great Migration
  • 1.5 million African

Americans moved to

  • N. cities

Migration: Cities and Suburbs

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  • Marcus Garvey
  • Blacks should

separate themselves from whites

  • UNIA: Universal

Negro Improvement Association

  • Suburbs on the rise
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5.1.6 Age of Wonderful Nonsense

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Social Trends

  • Women at work,

women at play

  • More women joined

the workforce

  • Others challenged

gender perceptions (flappers)

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  • Rise of Sport
  • Baseball (Babe Ruth,

Bill Tilden, Black Sox)

  • Boxing (Jack Dempsey)
  • Prohibition and

Organized Crime

  • Era of prohibition was

marred by organized crime

  • Al Capone
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The Flapper

  • New dance styles, like

the “Charleston,” flamboyantly displayed the new social freedom

  • f the “flapper,” whose

dress and antics frequently flummoxed the guardians of respectability.

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5.1.7 America in Transition

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The Guardian of Morality

  • Women’s new one-

piece bathing suits were a sensation in the

  • 1920s. Here a check is

carefully made to ensure that not too much leg is showing.

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5.1.8 Age of Intolerance

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Immigration Quotas

  • Emergency Quota Act
  • f 1921
  • 3% of the number of

immigrants from that nation residing in the U.S. in 1890

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  • National Origins Acts

(1924 and 1927)

  • 150,000 people

annually, quotas at 2% in 1900, 1920

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Fundamentalism and Scopes

  • Fundamentalists sought

salvation from hedonistic modern society

  • Tried to control what

schools taught

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  • Scopes (Monkey) Trial
  • Tennessee law

banned the teaching

  • f evolution
  • Scopes taught it

anyway

  • Found guilty, fined

$1

  • Modernists claimed

victory

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5.1.9 From Lost Generation to Harlem Renaissance

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Cultural Currents

  • Literature
  • Lost Generation

abandoned U.S. for Europe

  • Hemingway, Pound,

Eliot, Lewis, Fitzgerald

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  • Harlem Renaissance
  • Intellectuals and

artists… literary and social movement

  • New Negro: assertive

and celebratory of African American culture

  • The Jazz Age
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King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band

  • Joseph (“Joe”) King

Oliver arrived in Chicago from New Orleans in 1918.

  • Chicago’s first

important black jazz ensemble

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  • Honoré Dutrey

(trombone), Baby Dodds (drums), King Oliver (cornet), Lil Hardin (piano), Bill Johnson (banjo), Johnny Dodds (clarinet) A young Louis Armstrong kneels in front.

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Langston Hughes (1902–1967)

  • Raised in the Midwest,

Hughes arrived in New York City in 1921 to attend Columbia

  • University. He spent

most of his life in Harlem

  • “the Poet Laureate of

Harlem.”

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5.2 "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"

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5.2.1 The Election of 1928 5.2.2 The Great Crash 5.2.3 From Hero to Goat 5.2.4 The Depression in a Nutshell

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5.2.1 The Election of 1928

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The Most Popular Man in America

  • Herbert Hoover wins

presidential election (1928)

  • Cabinet full of

millionaires

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The Most Popular Man in America

  • American opinion
  • Poverty suggests

personal weakness

  • Business cycle is

natural, not the business of government

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Herbert Hoover on the Road

  • Typical “whistle-stop”

campaign

  • Candidate speaks

from the rear platform

  • f a train
  • Commonplace before

television.

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Presidential Election

  • f 1928 (electoral vote)
  • Runner-up Smith polled

almost as many votes as the victor Coolidge 1924.

  • Attracting an huge

urban vote, the New Yorker foreshadowed Roosevelt’s New Deal victory in 1932.

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5.2.2 The Great Crash

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Stock Market Crash

  • Black Thursday

(October 24, 1929)

  • Stock Market prices

plunge

  • Prices hit record low
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  • Black Tuesday (October

29)

  • Prices fall further
  • Hoover: “The crisis

will be over in 60 days.”

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Pride Comes Before a Fall

  • The Great Crash

humbled high-flying investors.

  • This desperate

curbside seller of this brand-new Chrysler paid $1,550 for it just months before.

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5.2.3 From Hero to Goat

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Hoover’s Response

  • Voluntarism
  • Business and social

leaders will voluntarily help get the nation out

  • f the Depression
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  • Limited Solutions
  • Reconstruction Finance

Corporation (loans to banks)

  • Money would trickle

down to average citizens

  • Hawley-Smoot Tariff

(support American farmers)

  • Boulder (Hoover) Dam:

Bureau of Reclamation

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Response to Hoover

  • Hoovervilles:

shantytowns erected in

  • pen areas
  • Hoover flags: Pockets

turned inside-out to show that they are empty

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  • Hoover blankets:

newspaper covers to try to stay warm

  • Bonus Army
  • WWI veterans

demanded their bonus early

  • Hoover ordered

federal troops to disband them

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The Bonus Army in Washington, D.C., 1932

  • World War I veterans

from Muncie, Indiana, were set up camp in the capital during the summer of 1932

  • Determined to remain

until they received full payment of bonuses due in 1945.

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“Hooverville” in Seattle, 1933

  • All over the country,

desperate, homeless people constructed shacks out of scavenged materials.

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5.2.4 The Depression in a Nutshell

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Lampooning Hoover, 1932