3GPP All IP Network Outline Wireless Technology Evolution GPRS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

3GPP All IP Network

Outline

Wireless Technology Evolution GPRS Overview 3GPP All IP Network 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

Vision of Comm. System

3G/4G/…

Source: DoCoMo

Wireless Technology Evolution

1G – Analog System

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) : 中華電信090系統

2G – Digital System

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

900MHz and 1.8GHz (DCS1800) TDMA Technologies 9.6K bps Data Rate (Shore Message Service; SMS) 歐亞160 Countries, 全球55%市場, 約5億個用戶

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

IS-95: Data Rate 14.4K bps (cdmaOne) IS-95B: Data Rate 64 Kbps Qualcom 亞太北美市場, 約7,500萬用戶

D-AMPS

又稱IS-136

2.5G

GSM System

High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD)

Up to 115.2 Kbps

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Up to 171.2 Kbps

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

改變調變技術 up to 384 Kbps (亦被視為3G技術) D-AMPS EDGE

cdma System

cdma 1x

Up to 144 Kbps Korea

3G

IMT-2000

Year 2000 Ready Operate at 2000 MHz Provide 2000K bps Data Rate

3G Data Rate 要求

Vehicular -- 144 Kbps Pedestrian --- 384 Kbps Indoor --- 2Mbps

Three Important 3G Technologies Standards

W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) (歐日系統)

GSM/GPRS/EDGE W-CDMA

cdma2000 (北美系統) TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronize CDMA) (大陸系統)

From 2G to 3G

From Voice Service to Rich, Interactive Multimedia- based Personal Communication Service Permanent Network Connection with High Data Rate

384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Mobile Access to High-quality Video, Audio, Graphics and Multimedia as Fixed Internet

Massive Increase in Network Capacity

To Support Billions of Subscribers

Global Roaming

Use Single Terminal to Access Identical Services All Around the World

GPRS System

Packet Switching Technology Based on GSM Cellular Network High Data Speed

• 21.4 Kbps per Time Slot

(channel)

• Up to 8 Time Slots

Physical Channel for Data Transmission

• Assigned on Demand
• Can Be Shared with Other

Users GPRS

External Data Network

PSTN

HLR SGSN GGSN Gb Gn Gi GSM

PCU

BSS

Gateway MSC/VLR Visited MSC/VLR

GPRS Logical Architecture

• ther PLMN

MSC/VLR HLR EIR SGSN GGSN GGSN SGSN PDN TE SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC MS BSS Gi Gn Gn Gp Gb Gd Um Gc Gr Gs Gf C E D A

Signalling & Data Transfer Signalling

SGSN and GGSN

IP based Network

SGSN GGSN

HLR

Serving GPRS Support Node

. Mobility Management (Location Update, Paging etc.) . Access Control & Security (Authentication, Ciphering) . BSS Queue Management . GSM Circuit-Switched Interactions . Operation Data, such as Billing Info.

Gateway GPRS Support Node

. Interworking between PDN and GPRS PLMN . Packet Screening . Routing Tables about Attached GPRS Subscribers . Address Mapping . PDU Tunneling . Operation Data, such as Billing Info.

GPRS MM/SM

Mobility Management

Attach Detach Security Routing Area Update

Session Management

PDP Context Activation PDP Context Deactivation PDP Context Modification

GPRS Data Transfer

MS Sends Packet, Destined to Another MS’s PDP Address, to SGSN. SGSN Delivers Packets to GGSN. GGSN Determines the SGSN where MS Registered by Checking the PDP Context Corresponding to PDP Address. GGSN Tunnels the PDU to SGSN Using GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). SGSN Receives and Decapsulates the Packet, and Delivers to MS.

BSS SGSN GGSN GPRS Backbone IP Network SGSN BSS Internet

3GPP UMTS System

Node B Node B Node B Node B RNC RNC Iub Iur UTRAN USIM ME UE Cu 3G

MSC/VLR 3G SGSN

GMSC GGSN HLR External Networks

PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,...

Internet

Core Network Uu Iu

Iu-PS Gn Gi Gr Gc D D

System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99

Gs Iu-PS Iu-CS Iu-CS

Introduction

All IP Architecture

Based on packet technologies and IP telephony for real time and non real time services An evolution from Release 99 specifications

All IP core network should support release 99 CS terminals

Radio Access Network (RAN)

Based on ERAN and UTRAN

Core Network

Based on the evolution of GPRS

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

Circuit-Switched Services

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

T-SGW

PSTN

MSC Server Legacy mobile signaling network

HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Iu_CS (user traffic) Mc Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

Packet-Switched Services

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN Internet GGSN HSS

Gi Gr Gc Gn Iu_PS Gi Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

Real-Time PS Services

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN Internet GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS

R-SGW

Gi Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Gi Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

Interworking with PSTN

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW

R-SGW

Mc Gi Gi Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Gi

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

HSS [1/2]

HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is the master database for a given user. Functionalities

The HLR functionality required by the PS-Domain The circuit switched part of the HLR User control functions required by the IP multimedia (IM) subsystem

HSS

MSC Server GMSC Server SGSN GGSN R-SGW CSCF

D C Gr Gc Mh Cx

HSS [2/2]

MAP termination Addressing protocol termination Authentication, Authorization protocol termination IP multimedia control termination

MAP termination Addressing Protocol termination

Authentication Authorization protocol termination IP multimedia control protocol termination

HSS

C,D, Gr,Gc Mh Cx

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

CSCF [1/4]

Call State Control Function ICGW (Incoming Call Gateway)

• Acting as a first entry point to perform routing of incoming

calls

CCF (Call Control Function)

• Call setup/termination and call state/event management
• Application level registration handling

SPD (Serving Profile Database)

• Interacting with HSS to receive the user profile information

AH (Address Handling)

• Mapping between alias address (e.g., E.164 number) and

transport address

CSCF [2/4]

Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) is the first contact point within IM CN subsystem.

Its address is discovered by UEs following PDP context activation procedure. Behaving like a Proxy server defined in RFC2543

P-CSCF Discovery

Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE

CSCF [3/4]

Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) performs the session control service for the UE.

Maintaining a session state as needed by the network

• perator for support of the services

Registration

Behaving as a Registrar as defined in RFC2543 It accepts registration requests and makes its information available through the location server (e.g., HSS).

Session Flow

Interaction with service platform for support of services

Service Platform Interface

SIP Application Server CAMEL Service Environment

SIP+ OSA API Cx

IM SSF

SIP+

OSA Application Server S-CSCF OSA Service Capability Server (SCS) HSS

SIP+ CAP MAP

CSCF [4/4]

Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) is the contact point

within an operator’s network for all connections destined to a subscriber of that network operator.

Registration

Assigning a S-CSCF to a subscriber performing SIP

registration

Session Flow

Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS Routing a SIP request received from another network

towards S-CSCF

CSCF Roles & Features

CSCF P-CSCF

(Proxy)

I-CSCF

(Interrogating)

S-CSCF

(Serving)

Behaving like

Features/Functions

Register Forward SIP register to I-CSCF by home domain name. Session Flow Forward SIP messages from UE to SIP server (S-CSCF) as a result of registration procedure. Detect an emergency session and select a S-CSCF to handle emergency sessions. Authorization of bearer resources & QoS management.

Proxy server User Agent

(abnormal cases)

Proxy server User Agent

(register reject)

Register Assigning a Serving CSCF to the subscriber. Session Flow Routing a SIP request from another network towards the S-CSCF(Serving Terminating UE) Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS

Registrar Proxy Server User Agent

Register As a Registrar, store registration info to HSS. Session-related/unrelated Flow S-CSCF performs session control services for the UE. Interaction with Service Platforms. Maintaining a session state as needed by the network

• perator for support of the services.

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

MGCF & MGW

Media Gateway Control Function

Being PSTN signaling termination point Performing protocol conversion between the legacy (e.g., ISUP) and the All-IP network call control protocols

Media Gateway

Being PSTN transport termination point Interfacing UTRAN over Iu

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

MSC Server

Mainly comprising the call control and mobility control parts of a GSM/UMTS MSC Performing the connection control for media channels in a MGW MSC server + MGW = MSC

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

MRF

Multimedia Resource Function

Performing multi-party call and multi- media conferencing functions The same function as an MCU in the H.323 network

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B MS

MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

CSCF HSS MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP MAP Mc Mc Gi Gi Nc Nb Iu_CS (control part) Mh Gr Gc Cx Mm Ms Gn Iu_PS Iu_CS (user traffic) Gi Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi Mr

MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit Packet (user traffic / signaling)

T-SGW & R-SGW

Transport Signaling Gateway Function

Mapping call related signaling (i.e., SS7/ISUP) from PSTN/PLMN on an IP bearer and sending it to the MGCF Providing PSTN/PLMN↔IP transport level address mapping

Roaming Signaling Gateway Function

Providing communication (i.e., SS7/MAP) with a 2G/R99 MSC/VLR

IM Subsystem

IP Multimedia (IM) CN subsystem

Comprising all CN elements for provision of multimedia

services

The IM subsystem (IMS) utilizes the PS domain to

transport multimedia signaling and bearer traffic.

The IMS attempts to be conformant to IETF

“Internet standards”.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) has been selected as the

interfaces between the IM CN elements.

Identification of IM Users

Private user identities

Assigned by the home network operator Contained in all registration requests passed from UE

to the home network (for authentication)

Public user identities

Every IM subscriber shall have one or more public

user identities.

The public user identity shall take the form of SIP

URL or E.164 number.

IM Subscription Private User Identity Public User Identity 1 (e.g., SIP URL) Public User Identity 2 (e.g., E.164) Public User Identity 3

QoS Requirement

Independence between QoS signaling and Session

Control

Necessity for end-to-end QoS signaling and resource

allocation Better than best-effort services or the background

QoS class

QoS Singaling at different bearer service control

levels IP bearer service level UMTS bearer service level

Coordination between session control and QoS

signaling/resource allocation

End-to-End QoS Architecture

TE MT UTRAN/ GERAN CN Iu EDGE NODE CN Gateway TE GPRS End-to-End Service TE/MT Local Bearer Service UMTS Bearer External Bearer Service GPRS Bearer Service Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer Service Backbone Bearer Service Iu Bearer Service Radio Bearer Service Physical Radio Service Physical Bearer Service

Registration

UE GPRS IP MM CN Subsystem

• 1. Bearer Level Registration: GPRS
• 2. PDP Context Activation
• 3. Proxy CSCF Discovery
• 4. Application Level Registration

Proxy-CSCF Discovery

• 1. PDP Context Activation
• 3. DNS - Query/Response
• 2. DHCP - Query/Response
• 2. DHCP -Relay
• 1. Activate PDP Context Request
• 3. Activate PDP Context Accept
• 1. Create PDP Context Request
• 3. Create PDP Context Response

DHCP server DNS server UE GGSN UE SGSN GGSN

• 2. Get IP address
• f P-CSCF(s)

Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE

GGSN acts as a DHCP Relay Agent 1.Create PDP context bearer ( TS 23.060) 2.UE requests a DHCP server

• 2a. P-CSCF domain name
• 2b. IP addresses of DNS servers
• 3. UE performs a DNS query

to retrieve P-CSCF(s) IP addresses During PDP Context Activation signalling

• 1. UE indicates the request of P-CSCF

IP address in PDP context request

• 2. GGSN gets P-CSCF IP address

(internal configure, implement choice)

• 3. P-CSCF IP address forwarded to UE

Application Level Registration

I-CSCF P-CSCF

UE

HSS

• 1. Register

S-CSCF

Visited Network Home Network

• 2. Register
• 3. Cx-Query
• 3. Cx-Query Resp.
• 4. Cx-Select-Pull
• 4. Cx-Select-Pull Resp.
• 5. Register
• 6. Cx-Put
• 6. Cx-Put-Resp.
• 7. Cx-Pull
• 7. Cx-Pull-Resp.
• 8. 200 OK
• 9. 200 OK
• 10. 200 OK

Application-level Registration Diagram

P-SCSF P-SCSF S-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF P-CSCF

GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

I-CSCF I-CSCF HSS HSS

• 1. MS sends SIP REGISTER to P-CSCF.
• 2. Forward to I-CSCF by “home domain name”.
• 3. User can register in the P-CSCF network ?

Request info about required S-CSCF cap. ?

• 4. Responses & Information.
• 5. Select S-CSCF.
• 6. S-CSCF requests HSS to retrieve the

subscriber info.

• 7. Download user profile
• 8. Send Register info to Service Platform.
• 1. MS sends SIP REGISTER to P-CSCF.
• 2. Forward to I-CSCF by “home domain name”.
• 3. User can register in the P-CSCF network ?

Request info about required S-CSCF cap. ?

• 4. Responses & Information.
• 5. Select S-CSCF.
• 6. S-CSCF requests HSS to retrieve the

subscriber info.

• 7. Download user profile
• 8. Send Register info to Service Platform.

3 4 5 7 6 8 1 1 2 2

Home Network Visited Network App. Server

Call Setup Diagram

S-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF P-CSCF

GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

I-CSCF I-CSCF HSS HSS App. Server

3 1 2

Originating Home Network Visited/Home Network S-CSCF S-CSCF I-CSCF I-CSCF HSS HSS

5 6 7 8

Terminating Home Network

4

P-CSCF P-CSCF

GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network 10 9

App. Server Originating Terminating Visited/Home Network

Session Flow Procedure

UE#1 S-CSCF#1 S-CSCF#2 UE#2 INVITE Ringing 200 OK ACK SDP Final SDP Reserv Success

INVITE

P-CSCF P-CSCF

Home Network#1 INVITE+SDP INVITE + SDP

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

INVITE + SDP

Service Control

INVITE + SDP Location Query Response INVITE + SDP INVITE + SDP 100 trying 100 trying 100 trying 100 trying 100 trying 100 trying

Service Control

UE#1

Visited Network

183 Session Progress + PRACK

P-CSCF P-CSCF UE#1

Home Network#1 Visited Network

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK

Authorize QoS Resource Authorize QoS Resource

200 OK PRACK (Final SDP

Reserv Success (COMET)

P-CSCF P-CSCF UE#1

Home Network#1 Visited Network COMET

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

COMET COMET COMET COMET 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK Resource Reservation Resource Reservation

Ring (180 Ringing) + 200 OK (Hang Up) + ACK

P-CSCF P-CSCF UE#1

Home Network#1 Visited Network

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

Ring Ring Ring Ring Ring Ring

Ringback

200 OK 200 OK

Service Control

200 OK 200 OK

Service Control

ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK 200 OK 200 OK

Approval of QoS Commit Approval of QoS Commit

Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [1/2]

IP-based real-time multimedia

The size of IP/UDP/RTP headers is at least 40 bytes for IPv4. The voice payload is shorter than the header. It is not possible to meet to the baseline spectral efficiency of existing circuit voice.

Solutions

Header Compression/Decompression Header Stripping/Regeneration

Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [2/2]

RTP RTP Voice sample Voice sample

Header compressor (UPA point)

L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.) L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.)

Header decompressor (UPA point)

IP IP UDP UDP IP IP UDP UDP RTP RTP Voice sample Voice sample

Air interface

IP IP Voice Compressed header Voice sample Voice sample

Header compressor (UPA point)

L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.) L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.)

Header regenerator (UPA point)

IP IP UDP UDP RTP RTP IP IP UDP UDP RTP RTP Voice sam Voice sam

Air interface

IP IP Voice

Information to support header regeneration

Header Compression/ Decompression

Header Stripping/

Regeneration

Wireless & Internet

Wireless LAN WLAN CA FA

SIP Proxy Server

Internet

MS

3GPP CSCF 3G UMTS GGSN SGSN

T-SGW

MGW MGW

PSTN

3GPP MGCF