35 YEARS OF 35 YEARS OF METALLIC SUPERLATTICES METALLIC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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35 YEARS OF 35 YEARS OF METALLIC SUPERLATTICES METALLIC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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35 YEARS OF 35 YEARS OF METALLIC SUPERLATTICES METALLIC SUPERLATTICES IEEE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER IEEE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER IVAN K AN K. S SCHULLER LLER DOE DOE NSF, AFOSR, ONR NSF, AFOSR, ONR 1 IEEE Magnetics Society Home Page:

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35 YEARS OF 35 YEARS OF METALLIC SUPERLATTICES METALLIC SUPERLATTICES

DOE DOE NSF, AFOSR, ONR NSF, AFOSR, ONR

IVAN K AN K. S SCHULLER LLER

IEEE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER IEEE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER

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 IEEE Magnetics Society Home Page: www.ieeemagnetics.org

– 3000 full members – 300 student members

 The Society

– Conference organization (INTERMAG, MMM, TMRC, etc.) – Student support for conferences – Large conference discounts for members – Graduate Student Summer Schools – Local chapter activities – Distinguished lectures

 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

– ~2000 peer reviewed pages each year – Electronic access to all IEEE Transactions on Magnetics papers

 Online applications for IEEE membership: www.ieee.org/join

– 360,000 members – IEEE student membership IEEE full membership

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The Journal of Your Field On line at ieeexplore.ieee.org Submit manuscripts at mc.manuscriptcentral.com/maglet‐ieee

  • Peer reviewed
  • Rapid publication
  • Worldwide

circulation

  • IEEE Xplore archive
  • Four‐page articles
  • No page charges
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Thank you

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What WE think

  • f Science
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  • Boooooooooring !!!!!!!
  • That Is The Subject I Never Understood

In High School (College)

  • You Must Be Very Intelligent

What the rest of the world thinks

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Bangs

Small Bangs Big Bangs

MOST DON’T DO THIS

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FASCINATING PHYSICS USEFUL

YOU YOU USE IT MILLIONS OF TIMES A DAY

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WHY PHYSICS WHY PHYSICS

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My St My Star art 58 YEARS A 58 YEARS AGO 19 1957

Cluj, K Cluj, Kolozsv

  • lozsvar

ar, Clausenbur , Clausenburg

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Lucky to Liv

Live in Chile

“Life need not be easy, provided only that it is not empty.” Lise Meitner

Danny, Oceanographer Jonny, Physicist Jackie, Teacher

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Lucky to Study

tudy in Chile

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SOMETHING FROM NOTHING SOMETHING FROM NOTHING

  • Noether’s theorem

Conservation laws from philosophy

  • Ginzburg-Landau 2nd order phase transition

Superconductivity, magnetism ……………………. from series expansion

Ask fundamental questions

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SYMMETRY SYMMETRY AND AND CONSERVATION LAWS CONSERVATION LAWS

Emm Emmy N Noether her

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Landau-Ginzbur Landau-Ginzburg

TAYLOR EXPANSION TAYLOR EXPANSION

Order P Order Parameter meter:  Superconducting Gap, Magnetization, Distorsion,

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CRITIC CRITICAL SL AL SLOWIN ING DO G DOWN WN

TEMPERA TEMPERATURE URE

Relaxa Relaxation T tion Time me (nsec) (nsec)

  • I. K. Schuller and K. E. Gray, PRL36, 429(1976)
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Many Young Friends Many Young Friends

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Wh Why do Ph y do Physics ics

  • Univ

Univer ersal beha sal behavior vior

Power Laws

  • Ne

New P Parameters rs Range

Smaller

  • We

Weird B Behavior

Separate Charge and Spin

  • Big Que

Big Questions tions

What is intelligence

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Wh Why do Ph y do Physics ics

  • Univ

Univer ersal beha sal behavior vior

Power Laws

  • Ne

New P Parameters rs Range

Smaller

  • We

Weird B Behavior

Separate Charge and Spin

  • Big Que

Big Questions tions

What is intelligence

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  • Z. Yang, C. Ko, and S. Ramanathan, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 41 (2011)

Metal-Insulator Transition

24

VO VO2

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338 339 340 341 342 10

2

10

3

10

4

R () T (K)

310 320 330 340 350 360

10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

R () T (K)

339 340 341 342 2 4 6

R (k) T (K)

200 nm

Multiple jumps across the metal- insulator transition

Na Nano-sca cale V VO2

R

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26

Sc Scale Inv ale Invariance riance

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10

1

10

2

10

3

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

Number of Jumps Jump size ()

100 cycles

Statistics of Jumps

Power law: p(A)  A-

p-probability A- jump size

40 80 120

500 1000 1500 2000 Number of Jumps Jump Size (

 = 2.480.05

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Avalanches

  • Triggered and

develops

  • Many Small

avalanches

  • A few big ones
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UNIVERSALITY UNIVERSALITY OF OF PHYSICS PHYSICS

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Power Laws

  • M. Newman Phys. Today, P. 33 Nov. 2008

Earthquake Magnitude Connectivity of Internet

  • JP. Sethna et al., Nature 410, 242 (2001)

Citations (I.K. Schuller)

 = 1.2  = 2.1

10 100 1000 1 10 100 Number of Papers Number of Citations

 = 1.7

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~1.3

Sand Piles

Avalanches with Power Laws

Plasma Burst (sun) Martensites

~2.4

Barkhausen Noise

~1 - 3, depends on sand ~2.0

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Wh Why do Ph y do Physics ics

  • Univ

Univer ersal beha sal behavior vior

Power Laws

  • Ne

New P Parameters rs Range

Smaller

  • We

Weird B Behavior

Separate Charge and Spin

  • Big Que

Big Questions tions

What is intelligence

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Nano Nano science science

Phy Physics ics Chemistr Chemistry

CHARACTERISTIC LENGTH SCALES CHARACTERISTIC LENGTH SCALES

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Un homme de six pieds fait Un homme de six pieds fait sur la terre la meme figure sur la terre la meme figure precisement que fait sur une precisement que fait sur une boule de quatre pieds de boule de quatre pieds de circonference un animal qui circonference un animal qui serait a cette circonference serait a cette circonference de roue comme de roue comme 1 est a 91 500 000 1 est a 91 500 000

Merci Andre Magnan President Soc. Voltaire KVAB, U. de Nanterre

NanoBio

French Theorist

~10nm

NANO VOLT

Francois-Marie Arouet

NANO VOLTAIRE

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SCIENCE DRIVEN RESEARCH

I.K.Schuller, Phys.Rev.Lett. 44, 1597(1980)

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MAGNETO-TRANSPORT MAGNETO-TRANSPORT

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~ 20 % MR ~ 20 % MR

Giant MagnetoResistance- GMR

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April, 1981

In 4 or 5 years, this will be THE field in materials science.

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2007 PHYSICS NOBEL

Grunberg Grunberg Fert Fert

GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE GMR

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U C T ) T E

APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Hard disk drives MRAM Sensors SCIENCE SCIENCE

Co Cu

I

State: +1 State: 0 State: -1
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
1 2 3 4
  • 1
1 HFC (kOe) 0.5 2.0 5.0

M / MS H (kOe)

GMR GMR SPIN SPIN TORQUE TORQUE EXCHANGE EXCHANGE BIAS BIAS

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Nanoscience (when things get small)

TunnelSchroedv8_1-desktop.m4v

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e- charge electronics magnetism electron Spin-electronics

  • r

Spintronics spin

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Basic Research=Transformative Technology

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Wh Why do Ph y do Physics ics

  • Univ

Univer ersal beha sal behavior vior

Power Laws

  • Ne

New P Parameters rs Range

Smaller

  • We

Weird B Behavior

Separate Charge and Spin

  • Big Que

Big Questions tions

What is intelligence

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THE REAL THE REAL CHESHIRE CAT CHESHIRE CAT

Went awa nt away and and left behind his smile left behind his smile

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FM FM NM I

V

NON-LOCAL SPIN VALVE

FM: ferromagnetic NM: non-magnetic

Decouple Decouple

SPIN SPIN curr

current fr ent from

  • m CHAR

CHARGE GE curr

current ent

I

A Crazy experiment A Crazy experiment

Valenzuela et al.,PRL 94, 196601 (2005)

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Sample

0.5µm 1µm FM NM FM Photolithography + Au contacts

Py/Cu/Py Co/Al/Co

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  • 800
  • 600
  • 400
  • 200

200 400 600 800

  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 I=0.5 mA T=4.2 K

Py/Cu/Py V/|I|(m) H (Oe)

  • 800
  • 600
  • 400
  • 200

200 400 600 800

  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 I=0.5 mA T=4.2 K

Py/Cu/Py V/|I|(m) H (Oe)

  • 800
  • 600
  • 400
  • 200

200 400 600 800

  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 I=0.5 mA T=4.2 K

Py/Cu/Py V/|I|(m) H (Oe)

  • 800
  • 600
  • 400
  • 200

200 400 600 800

  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 I=0.5 mA T=4.2 K

Py/Cu/Py V/|I|(m) H (Oe)

Non-local spin valve effect

  • Bipolar switching
  • Spin signal:

I V V I V

AP P 

 

  • Memory effect
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Magnetic RAM

4 Mbit chip Revisited: 1995 Demo: Motorola 2003 Market: Freescale 2006

Magnetoresistive read head

Discovery: 1988 Market: IBM 1997

Spintronics: applications

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR)

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Wh Why do Ph y do Physics ics

  • Univ

Univer ersal beha sal behavior vior

Power Laws

  • Ne

New P Parameters rs Range

Smaller

  • We

Weird B Behavior

Separate Charge and Spin

  • Big Que

Big Questions tions

What is intelligence

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11,968 processors, 12 Terabytes memory, 600 Terabytes disk storage Jonathan Schuller 6 months old $ 200,000,000 $ 30,000

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Unifying Principles for Intelligence ?

Imitate Nature “Biologically Inspired”

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CENTRAL PROCESSOR

Local processor Local processor

Sensors Sensors

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CENTRAL PROCESSOR

Sensors Sensors

Local processor Local processor

Nanoscience

Communications Feedback Wireless

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IMPLEMENTATION

Reduce to practice Imitate nature

FUNDING FUNDING

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What is needed

  • Expertise- physicists, chemists, biologists, engineers
  • Techniques-Nanoscience, Materials, Wireless,Engineering
  • High Tech Facilities
  • Various implementations
  • Interactions
  • Steady Support
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Or Organic Thin F nic Thin Films lms Structure, Transport, SELECTIVE Sensing

Work supported by AFOSR-MURI

Physics Corneliu N. Colesniuc, Amos Sharoni, Casey W. Miller, Ge Liu, Chemistry, Richard D. Yang, Forest Bohrer ,Andy C. Kummel, William Trogler, Engineering Jeongwon Park

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Metallo Phthalocyanine – M C32N8H16

C N M = Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, ....or 2H H

Model System for Planar Organics

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Organic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (OMBE)

substrate Substrate Temperature T=30oC – 250oC phthalocyanine Phthalocyanine sublimes near 400oC

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200 400 600 0.8 1.0 normalized current

Time (min)

small grains (25 C)

methanol methanol dosage

Bluetooth RX/TX ChemFET Microcontroller Gain Amplifier Temp & Humidity

Chemical Sensors Change Resistance

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DISRUPTIVE DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

ARISES UNEXPEC UNEXPECTEDL EDLY FROM

REVOLUTIONARY REVOLUTIONARY BASIC SCIENCE BASIC SCIENCE

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SUMM SUMMARY

Do what Do what you lik u like, , but abo but above all e all lik like what y what you do u do

Francisco Schuller Paraphrasing Lise Meitner

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Enjo Enjoy t y the Pr he Process

  • cess
  • Caminant

Caminante no ha e no hay camino, y camino, se hace el camino al andar se hace el camino al andar.

Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz

(26 July 1875 – 22 February 1939)

  • Wander

nderer er, t , ther ere is no r e is no road,

  • ad,

the r e road is made b

  • ad is made by w

walking. lking.

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This is Why

Why Do Physics ?

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FUTURE FUTURE