3 rd Int 3 rd International Workshop n ti n l W k h p Advances in Cleaner Production From Modern Thermodynamics to How Nature From Modern Thermodynamics to How Nature Works Works – – a View of Emergent Paradigms Associated a View of Emergent Paradigms Associated with Sustainability with Sustainability TOWARDS AN ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR TOWARDS AN ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY – SUSTAINABILITY SELECTED TOPICS SUSTAINABILITY –SELECTED TOPICS SELECTED TOPICS SELECTED TOPICS Edison Bittencourt Edison Bittencourt FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDADE FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDADE Í ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Those who are inspired by a model other than Nature, a Those who are inspired by a model other than Nature, a mistress above all masters are laboring in vain mistress above all masters are laboring in vain mistress above all masters, are laboring in vain. mistress above all masters, are laboring in vain. - Leonardo Leonardo Da Da Vinci Vinci
“In the last 50 years a fast paced conceptual “In the last 50 years a fast paced conceptual y y p p p p evolution gained momentum and “…changed our view evolution gained momentum and “…changed our view of Nature” (*Kondepudi and Prigogine, 1998) of Nature” (*Kondepudi and Prigogine, 1998) “this conceptual evolution reached to nonlinear “this conceptual evolution reached to nonlinear thermodynamics, introducing the concept of thermodynamics, introducing the concept of h h d d d d h h f f emerging ordered dissipative structures emerging ordered dissipative structures “most introductory texts in thermodynamics ( in “most introductory texts in thermodynamics ( in engineering , as an example) are limited in scope engineering , as an example) are limited in scope i i i i l ) l ) li it d i li it d i , restricting the expositions to the study of , restricting the expositions to the study of equilibrium systems- meaning the study of equilibrium systems equilibrium systems equilibrium systems meaning the study of meaning the study of meaning the study of idealized, infinitely slow process idealized, infinitely slow process “ Modern Thermodynamics” “ Modern Thermodynamics” - - From Heat Engines From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures to Dissipative Structures to Dissipative Structures to Dissipative Structures
HOW NATURE WORKS – THE SCIENCE OF SELF HOW NATURE WORKS THE SCIENCE OF SELF ORGANIZAED CTITICALLITY ORGANIZAED CTITICALLITY – –PER BAK PER BAK “ SAND PILE “ MODEL SAND PILE “ MODEL – –DISTRIBUTION OF AVALANCHES DISTRIBUTION OF AVALANCHES DISPLAYS REGULARITY DISPLAYS REGULARITY The image of the sand pile retaining its conical shape as The image of the sand pile retaining its conical shape as The image of the sand pile, retaining its conical shape as The image of the sand pile, retaining its conical shape as more sand is added, became widely known. Although more sand is added, became widely known. Although avalanches on the sides of the pile (maintaining its avalanches on the sides of the pile (maintaining its stability) were individual unpredictable in size and timing, stability) were individual unpredictable in size and timing, the the distribution distribution of avalanches and their timings displayed of avalanches and their timings displayed an interesting kind of regularity ( REVI EW, OSVALDO an interesting kind of regularity ( REVI EW, OSVALDO an interesting kind of regularity ( REVI EW an interesting kind of regularity ( REVI EW OSVALDO OSVALDO TERAN , TERAN , AVAI LABLE AT AVAI LABLE AT http:/ / jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/ 4/ 4/ reviews/ bak.html http:/ / jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/ 4/ 4/ reviews/ bak.html
Some of the characteristics of a self-organised system Bak introduces are: • The system is open and dissipative , and its components are metastable . • The system organises itself in a critical state h lf l with avalanches of change at all sizes via which dissipation manifests itself. These avalanches di i ti if t it lf Th l h are regular but not periodic . • The system is embedded in a single The s stem is embedded in a single spatiotemporal fractal structure (p. 172).. • A critically self organised system might become • A critically self-organised system might become catastrophically unstable if it were manipulated and forced into certain optimal states which and forced into certain optimal states which take it out of its self-organised state.
“ I t makes me so happy. To be at the beginning I t makes me so happy. To be at the beginning ppy ppy g g g g again, knowing almost nothing…The ordinary again, knowing almost nothing…The ordinary- - sized stuff which is our lives, the things people sized stuff which is our lives, the things people , , g g p p p p write poetry about write poetry about- -clouds clouds- -daddfodils daddfodils- -waterfalls waterfalls …these things are full of mystery, as mysterious …these things are full of mystery, as mysterious g g y y y, y, y y to us as the heavens were to the to us as the heavens were to the Greeks Greeks…I t’s …I t’s the best possible time to be alive, when almost the best possible time to be alive, when almost everything you thought you knew is wrong everything you thought you knew is wrong” ” Tom Stoppard, cited in “Complexity a Guided Tom Stoppard, cited in “Complexity a Guided Tour” (Mitchell, 2009) Tour” (Mitchell, 2009)
HOLI SM REPLACES REDUCI TONI SM HOLI SM REPLACES REDUCI TONI SM HOLI SM REPLACES REDUCI TONI SM HOLI SM REPLACES REDUCI TONI SM “I want to know how God created this world. I “I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this and that phenomenon, am not interested in this and that phenomenon, am not interested in this and that phenomenon am not interested in this and that phenomenon in the spectrum of this or that element. I want in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts: the rest are details” to know His thoughts: the rest are details” to know His thoughts: the rest are details to know His thoughts: the rest are details Albert Einstein Albert Einstein
WICKED PROBLEMS WICKED PROBLEMS Some problems are so complex that Some problems are so complex that you have to be highly intelligent and well informed just to be undecided ll i f d j b d id d about them about them Laurence J Peter in Laurence J. Peter, in Wicked Problems & Social Complexity Wicked Problems & Social Complexity J ff C Jeff Conklin, PhD kli PhD
AN HIERARCHYCAL VIEW OF AN HIERARCHYCAL VIEW OF AN HIERARCHYCAL VIEW OF AN HIERARCHYCAL VIEW OF THERMODYNAMICS: THERMODYNAMICS: TEACHING INTEGRATED VIEW FROM THE TEACHING INTEGRATED VIEW FROM THE TEACHING INTEGRATED VIEW FROM THE TEACHING INTEGRATED VIEW FROM THE BEGINNING BEGINNING � CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS � CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS –equilibrium CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS –equilibrium, equilibrium equilibrium, closed, isolated systems closed, isolated systems � LI NEAR NON EQUI LI BRI UMTHERMODYNAMI CS LI NEAR NON EQUI LI BRI UMTHERMODYNAMI CS – flows as linear functions of forces valid in the flows as linear functions of forces valid in the flows as linear functions of forces, valid in the flows as linear functions of forces, valid in the neighborhood of equilibrium neighborhood of equilibrium � FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM – dissipative structures, dissipative structures, nonlinear, bifurcations, multiplicity of solutions, spacial nonlinear, bifurcations, multiplicity of solutions, spacial o o ea , b u cat o s, ea , b u cat o s, u t p c ty o so ut o s, spac a u t p c ty o so ut o s, spac a and temporal order and temporal order
FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM,NONLI NEAR FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM,NONLI NEAR Q Q , , SYSTEMS AS A SOURCE OF ORDER SYSTEMS AS A SOURCE OF ORDER - -I I DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURES DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURES THEORY OF CREATI ON OF STRUCTURES FAR FROM THEORY OF CREATI ON OF STRUCTURES FAR FROM THEORY OF CREATI ON OF STRUCTURES, FAR FROM THEORY OF CREATI ON OF STRUCTURES, FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM EQUI LI BRI UM – –Bénard cells Bénard cells
FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM AS A FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM AS A FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM AS A FAR FROM EQUI LI BRI UM SYSTEM AS A SOURCE OF ORDER SOURCE OF ORDER- -I I I I
DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURE DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURE DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURE DI SSI PATI VE STRUCTURE TORNADO,I NDAI ATUBA,SP TORNADO,I NDAI ATUBA,SP
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