[PPT] - 25th IAEA FUSION ENERGY CONFERENCE MPT/1-2 Overvie view w of PowerPoint Presentation

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Liu Xiang

Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China

Overvie view w of Fusion ion Reactor actor Materials terials Study dy at SWIP IP

Co-authors: J.M. Chen, P.F. Zheng, P.H. Wang, J.H. Wu, Y.Y. Lian, Y.J. Feng, K,M, Feng, Z.Y. Xu, X.R. Duan and Y. Liu

25th IAEA FUSION ENERGY CONFERENCE MPT/1-2

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Outl tline ine

1. Motivations
2. Plasma facing materials/components.

W alloys W joining with heat sink or structural materials

3. Structural materials.

Ferrite/martensite steels Vanadium alloys

4. Functional materials.

Tritium breeder Neutron multiplier

5. Summary

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Moti tivati tions

ns

PFMs W W alloys Structural materials Functional materials RAFM V alloy SiCf/SiCf N-multiplier T-multiplier RAFM V alloys Helium Cooling Solid Blanket C, Be, W, Li liquid

Temp. windows

CVD-W, ODS-W, CDS-W W-K CLF-1, ODS-CLF-1 V-4Cr-4Ti, ODS-V Be pebbles Li4SiO4 pebbles

Potential application for HL-2M, ITER-TBM CFETR or DEMO-China

Near or middle-term goals

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30 40 50 60 70 80 90 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

2θ Intensity milling 40h milling 20h milling 10h mixed powders

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

2θ Intensity milling 40h milling 20h mixed powders

Milling SPS

W-Ta alloys W-Y alloys

XRD of milled W-5Ta powders XRD of milled W-1Y powders

HIP

母合金粉末粉末混合冷等静压热塑性加工退火高温烧结Hot deformation

Milling

Pl Plas asma f a fac acing ng mate terial ials

W alloys

100 200 300 400 500 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

热导率 (W/M.K) T (

C)

高纯钨 W-0.5%TiC W-1%La2O3 商业纯钨商用纯钨高纯钨烧结纯钨 W-0.1TiCW-0.2TiCW-0.5TiC 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 Microhardness

样品

Thermal conductivity (PM-W vs W-TiC, W-La2O3) Micro hardness

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process W/RAFM Steel W/graphite

Deposition rate 0.3-0.5 mm/h Thickness 1-3mm Purity 99.9999% Thermal conductivity >180 W.m/K density >99% Hardness (HV) 430 bonding strength W/Cu >50Mpa

Microstructure characterization Fast CVD-W coating (up to 0.5 mm/h)

W/Cu

Pl Plas asma f a fac acing ng mate terial ials

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ELM-like thermal loads (100-1000 SHOTS) (a) CVD tungsten (b) hot-rolled pure tungsten

Trans ansient ent even ent t si simulations tions of W ma mate terials ials

disruption-like thermal loads (single shot)

CVD-W seems more sensitivity to the cracking suppression at elevated temperature

Numerical simulations

-Fatigue lifetime--
X. Liu et al, PSI-25, Oral

Numerical simulations

-Cracking thresholds--

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Pl Plas asma f a fac acing ng co compon ponents ents

-W/CuCrZr mockups--

Chemical composition No. melting reprocess O content 1 Inductive melting Re-melting 1times 75 ppm 2 Inductive melting Add C powder 126 ppm 3 Inductive melting Re-melting 2 times 40 ppm 4 Resistance heating Add deoxidizer

Processes

Forging machining Cold rolling

Element（ wt.%) No. Mn Ni Ti Cu 1 25

75

2 25 1-

74

3 25

1

74 4 25

3

72

Already developed technique:

Traditional furnace +

fast cooling + aging

Fast brazing using

Electron-Beam

Cupper coating +

HIPing with fast cooling Cu-Mn filler Brazing Inductive melting + Forging + Cold rolling

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Cu Cu-Mn n non-cry crystal stalline line filler er

-Design based on molecular cluster theory--

Compositions at.%, Ce-addition Structure Grain size (nm) Onset melting temperature Tm ( C ) Liquidus temperature Tl ( C ) Melting temperature span T = Tl - Tm ( C ) Mass density (g/cm3) Hardne ss (Hv) Cu63Mn36Cr0.5Si0.5 FCC (S.S) 200-3000 857 905 48 7.54 18510 Cu67Mn30Cr0.5Si0.5Sn

2

FCC (S.S) 200-3000 774 889 115 7.72 15010 Cu70Mn27Cr0.5Si0.5Sn

2

FCC (S.S) 200-3000 792 915 123 7.65 22510

(a) (b) (b)

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Castellated mockup (306030 mm) with 5 mm thickness of W tile

Thermal fatigue tests: (increase water cooling to 10m/s) 1) Screening test:1-9 MW/m2 2) 1000 cycles at 8 MW/m2 Surface temperature variation < 10% No visible damage

100 300 500 700 1000

HHF te test sts--

-Pla

Plasma sma fac acing ng co comp mpon

nents

ents

X. Liu et al,

ICFRM-16, Oral

EMS 60

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Filler er for He e co cooling ing diver ertor tor ta targets ets

(a) (b)

Compositions Structure Tx ( C ) Tm (C

) Tl ( C )

T Mass density (g/cm3) Hardness (Hv) Ti45Zr30Fe20Si5 amorphous 550

955 993

38 5.85 64520 Ti50Zr25Fe20Si5 amorphous 541

952 1030

78 5.74 65020

Ti-base and Fe-base amorphous brazing alloys

Samples TX(℃) Tm(℃) Tl(℃) ΔT Fe60Mn15B16.67Si6.33Sn2 556 1072 1113 41 Fe50Mn25B16.67Si6.33Sn2 558 1046 1095 49

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St Structur ctural al ma mate terials ials-RAFM RAFM st stee eel

Composition and fabrication technique optimization--up to 1 ton ingots

As+Sn+Sb+Zr<0.05 <0.01 <0.05 <0.03 <0.01

Content control

Zr Sb Sn As Co Si Al Cu

Impurity

<0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005

Content control

Mo Ni O Nb B Ti P S

Impurity

0.02-0.035 0.3±0.1 0.5±0.2 0.10±0.03 1.5±0.2 0.11±0.015 8.5±0.3

Content control N V Mn Ta W C Cr Alloy element

N as the controllable element, at the upper limit

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Pr Proper

perti

ties es d data taba base of se of CLF CLF-1 1 steel ( steel (1)

R0.25±0.025 Ⅰ 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 A B 0.2 B 0.1 A 0.1 A 0.1 A 10±0.1 10±0.1 8±0.1 45? ±1? 1.6 27.5

0.25

Ⅰ

55

0.5

编号

Test T. （℃） Thermal Diffusivity (10-6m2/s) Specific heat (J/kg·℃) Thermal Conductivity (W/m·℃) Linear Expansion Coefficient (10-6/℃)

100 7.97 523 33.1 10.9 200 7.37 553 32.0 11.4 300 6.77 583 30.8 12.1 400 6.17 617 29.8 12.6 500 5.55 661 29.0 12.8 600 4.86 735 28.0 13.0 700 4.03 847 26.8 13.2

Tensile properties Thermo-mechanical properties

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Thermal creep properties

Temperature: 500℃, 550℃，600℃；
Stress level：250- 300MPa (500℃), 180-

260MPa (550℃), 100-160MPa (600℃)

Pr Proper ertie ties s data taba base se of CL CLF-1 1 st stee eel (2)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2 4 6 8 10 12

500℃

， 275MPa

550℃

， 210MPa

600℃

， 160MPa

550℃

， 235MPa

550℃

， 260MPa

500℃

， 300MPa

elongation,mm time,hr 600℃

， 130MPa

Thermal fatigue properties

Temperature: room temperature, 300℃，500℃；
total strain of 0.2%~1%。
Stress rate of 0.1 %/s

The CLF-1 steel shows adequate creep rupture level with low minimum creep rate long rupture time. Some

f the tests have been carried out for more than 11000

h and are still in progress. Cyclic softening was observed at all test temperatures under strain controlled fatigue

test. The effect of test temperature on fatigue

property of CLF-1 steel is very small.

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Ther ermal mal sta tability lity of CL CLF-1 1 ste teel el

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Neu eutr tron n irrad adia iation tion data ta

-1 dpa data will be available by the end of this year--

More detail: P.H. Wang, Poster MPT/P8-7

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Mate terial al prepar aration tion for TBM fabri rica cations tions

More detail: K.M. Feng, FIP/3-5Ra

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St Structur ctural al ma mate terials ials-V V al alloys

-V-4Cr

Cr-4Ti Ti--

V-4Cr-4TI development

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St Structur ctural al ma mate terials ials-V V al alloys

-Hea

Heat t trea eatment ments s of V-4Cr Cr-4Ti Ti--

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Scale-up

(2010-2012) 50 g 2000 g

Mechanical alloying

Powder (V, Cr, Ti, Y, carbides.) milling HIP SPS Alloy powder

Without HIP capsule With HIP capsule

V-4Cr-4Ti-1.8Y-0.4Ti3SiC2 V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3Ti3SiC2 V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3SiC V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3TiC V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y V-4Cr-4Ti

Mechanical alloyed V-alloys are expected to work at higher temperatures. Research of such V-alloys is a main work in recent years in the word.

Co-combined particles dispersion strengthened V alloy

St Structur ctural al mate terials ials-V V al alloys

-Disper

Dispersion sion stren engthe gthened ned--

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150 200 250 300 350 400

V-4Cr-4Ti V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3SiC V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3TiC V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y V-4Cr-4Ti-1.5Y-0.3Ti3SiC2

1450

C

annealed 1250

C

annealed

Hardness/Hv

As-HIPed at 1050

C

100nm nm 100nm nm 100nm nm 100nm nm 100nm nm

Alloy with Ti3SiC2 addition is always the hardest Ti3SiC2 has a large amount at high temperatures

St Structur ctural al mate terials ials-V V al alloys

-Disper

Dispersion sion stren engthe gthened ned--

More detail:

P.F. Zheng, Poster MPT/P7-32

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Function nctional al ma mate terials ials-Tritium ritium multipl tiplier ier

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100 200 300 400 500 600 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

Experimental data Fitting

Thermal conductivity (W/(m K)) Temperature (

0C)

100 200 300 400 500 600 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60

Experimental value Fitting curve Thermal diffusivity(mm

2/s)

Temperature (

0C)

100 200 300 400 500 600 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Spec.Heat Fitting of Specific heat

Spec.Heat (J/(kg K)) Temp (

0C)

Li4SiO4 Pebbles

Li4SiO4 pellets

Effective thermal conductivity Specific heat Thermal diffusivity

200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Desity 1.9422 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0254 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0459 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0633 g/cm

3

Thermal Diffusivity mm

2/s

Temperature (

0C)

200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Desity 1.9422 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0254 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0459 g/cm

3

Desity 2.0633 g/cm

3

Thermal Conductivity(W/m/K) Temperature (

0C)

Thermal conductivity Thermal diffusivity

Sample Li4SiO4 pebbles

Ave. diameter ~1.0 (mm)

Process Melt spraying Method Packing factor 60.5%

Thermal ermal proper perties ties of Li4Si SiO4 4 pellets lets and pebble le beds ds

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Functional nctional mate terials ials

Neutron multiplier--

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Rotating electrode process, dia.~1.0 mm

Thermal Expansion of Be pebble bed

200 400 600 800 10 20 30

Diameter=1.127mm Diameter=0.764mm Thermal expansion coefficient (10

6/

0C)

Temperature (

0C)

200 400 600 800 1000 10 20 30 40 50 Be Pebble bed (Pebble diameter 1.0mm ) Be pebble bed (Pebble diameter 0.7mm )

Line expansivity (

610)

Temperature(

0C)

Thermal Expansion of single pebble

1.1 mm 0.8 mm 1.0 mm 0.7 mm

Fracture properties of the Be pebbles are not affected by pebble size remarkably

Thermal ermal prope

perti

ties es of Be e pebbles es

More detail: Y.J. Feng, Poster MPT/P8-6

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1, Fusion materials study at SWIP is focusing on the applications of HL- 2A(M), ITER-TBM and CFETR or DEMO-China. 2, For PFMs/PFCs, several kinds of tungsten based materials are developed, such as oxides and carbides dispersion strengthened W alloy, and a fast CVD- W coating. They shows higher cracking thresholds at transient heat loading. CVD-W indicates a better crack suppression effect at elevated temperature. 3, One kind of RAMF steel CLF-1 is developed for the use of CN-ITER- HCCB TBM. The property data base is being established, including creep tests by more than 11000 h and neutron irradiation data at 0.3-1 dap (by the end of this year). Meanwhile Its qualification is under way according to ITER requirements. 4, An engineering scale V-4Cr-4Ti alloy (30kg) was prepared. Further strengthening by combined Y, Ti and SiC particles was carried out and V-4Cr- 4Ti-1.5Y-0.3Ti3SiC2 shows better strengthened effects. 5, Beryllium and Li4SiO4 pebbles as neutron and trillium multipliers have been developed and characterized.

Su Summ mmary ary