2. Research Strategies and Methodology Research: Why? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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2. Research Strategies and Methodology Research: Why? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 05, 2022 173 likes •471 views

2. Research Strategies and Methodology Research: Why? Developmental psychologists test theories Study behavior or trait that changes over time When does it change? How does it change? 2.1 Experimental 2.2 Correlational

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  • 2. Research Strategies and

Methodology

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Research: Why?


  • Developmental

psychologists test theories

  • Study behavior or trait

that changes over time

  • When does it change?
  • How does it change?
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2.1 Experimental
 2.2 Correlational
 2.3 Observational
 2.4 Cross-Sectional

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2.5 Longitudinal 
 2.6 Cross Sequential
 2.7 Case Study

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2.1 Experimental

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Experimental design

  • Study cause/effect
  • Samples of population
  • Experimental/control

groups if needed

  • Independent variable:

what gets manipulated

  • Dependent variable: what

gets measured for change

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Experimental example

  • Cause-effect of praise on

10-year olds’ helpfulness

  • Independent variable:

amount of praise given to each child

  • Dependent variable:

measure of helpfulness after 3 days

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2.2 Correlational

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Correlation

  • Relationship between 2

things or events

  • Example: compare effects
  • f heredity & environment
  • n trait using mono- and

dizygotic twins

  • Look for variation in both

kinds of twins

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Correlation

  • Result: variation in both

kinds of twins ➔Trait affected by both
 environment/heredity

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Correlation

  • Statistics of correlation
  • +1 perfect positive

correlation

  • 0 no correlation
  • -1 perfect negative

correlation

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2.3 Observational

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Observational study

  • Note behaviors or traits in

a group

  • Group might be sample of

larger population

  • Example: studying verbal

behavior of children playing unsupervised

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2.4 Cross-Sectional

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Cross-sectional study

  • “Snapshot”
  • Collect data on group at
  • ne point in time
  • Example: ask group of

teens opinions on curfew

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2.5 Longitudinal

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Longitudinal study

  • Study cohort (same-age

group) through time

  • Example: interview

group born in 2010 at

  • ne-year intervals,

noting changes in attitudes toward

  • pposite sex
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2.6 Cross Sequential

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Cross-sequential

  • Combining longitudinal

and cross-sectional

  • Example: interview

cohorts born in 1990, 2000, and 2010 at intervals of 5 years

  • Study many years of life

in shorter time than with just one cohort

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2.7 Case Study

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Case study

  • Observe one individual or

group

  • Subject has unusual traits
  • r in unusual circumstance
  • Example: study refugee

child’s school adaptation

  • Reported as narrative with

analysis, supported by theory