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Industrialisation began with the introduction of mechanical manufacturing equipment at the end of the 18th century, when machines like the mechanical loom revolutionised the way goods were made. This first industrial revolution was followed by a second one that began around the turn of the 20th century and involved electrically ‐ powered mass production of goods. This in turn was superseded by the third industrial revolution that started during the early 1970s and has continued right up to the present day. This third revolution employed electronics and information technology (IT) to achieve increased automation of manufacturing processes. Manufacturing equipment suppliers and developers of embedded systems are contributing to the spread of the Internet of Things and Services into the manufacturing environment, this is expected to lead the way towards the fourth stage of industrialisation. 6
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a cyber physical network of physical objects such as human, devices, equipment, manufacturing facilities or production assets and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity 7
IDC's (International Data Corporation) IoT Market Analysis report from 2014 described an IoT taxonomy which provides the classifications and definitions for the major components that make up the IoT Market: • Intelligent, or enhanced traditional embedded, systems – such as edge devices, sensors etc • Connectivity/service enablement – communication infrastructure such as M2M devices • Platforms: for device, network, and application enablement • Analytics • Applications • Security • Professional services 8
With traditional automation architectures, most of the intelligent, connected devices communicate directly with a host controller, control system, or safety system located in the plant; with appropriate production ‐ or asset ‐ related data then passed up to supervisory or business networks at the plant and/or enterprise levels. This largely remains the case, particularly for mission ‐ critical process control and plant safety functions. However, as IoT technology migrates into industrial environments, we’re seeing an increasing number of primarily non ‐ control or safety ‐ related sensors and devices communicate directly with remote, often cloud based systems and analytics applications through the Internet where the data are transformed into actionable information and timely alerts for operations and maintenance personnel. Today, this is particularly true for sensors that relate to asset health and applications that relate to condition monitoring and predictive maintenance. 9
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The market forecasts encompass the full breadth of the IoT ecosystem as previously illustrated in the IDC taxonomy, this includes; • Intelligent and embedded systems, • Connectivity services, • Infrastructure, • Purpose ‐ built IoT platforms, • Applications, • Security, • Analytics, • and professional services. IDC expects the worldwide market for IoT solutions to grow at a 20% CAGR from $1.9 trillion in 2013 to $7.1 trillion in 2020. The IIoT portion is estimated at $1.6 trillion by 2020. 11
In 2015 KPMG surveyed 832 technology industry business leaders globally, with the majority of them being C ‐ level executives (87%). The Global tech leaders predicted that cloud computing (11%), Internet of Things (IoT)/M2M (9%) and data and analytics (9%) will be the most disruptive technologies that will have the greatest business impact over the three year period between 2015 and 2018. 12
IIoT and Digital transformation, enabled in part by the increasing convergence of operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), is key for all organizations today, including both end users and OEMs. ARC Advisory Group identifies the following IIoT technology trends to watch for in 2017: • Advanced Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning Becoming IIoT Enablers • Thanks to IIoT, More Industrial Devices Are Living on the Edge • IIoT Helping Assets to Have a Digital Twin • IIoT Helps to Leverage Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) • MQTT as an IIoT Messaging Protocol • Improved Cybersecurity technologies and approaches to IIoT 13
The hype cycle represents the maturity, adoption and social application of emerging technologies. The hype cycle provides a graphical and conceptual presentation of the maturity of emerging technologies through five phases. 1 Technology Trigger A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Early proof ‐ of ‐ concept stories and media interest trigger significant publicity. Often no usable products exist and commercial viability is unproven. 2 Peak of Inflated Expectations Early publicity produces a number of success stories—often accompanied by scores of failures. Some companies take action; most don't. 3 Trough of Disillusionment Interest wanes as experiments and implementations fail to deliver. Producers of the technology shake out or fail. Investment continues only if the surviving providers improve their products to the satisfaction of early adopters. 4 Slope of Enlightenment More instances of how the technology can benefit the enterprise start to crystallize and become more widely understood. Second ‐ and third ‐ generation products appear from technology providers. More enterprises fund pilots; conservative companies remain cautious. 5 Plateau of Productivity Mainstream adoption starts to take off. Criteria for assessing provider viability are more clearly defined. The technology's broad market applicability and relevance are clearly paying off. 14
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According to a 2015 survey of about 200 automation executives conducted by Morgan Stanley and Automation World magazine, improving operational efficiency and productivity are the most critical business drivers among manufacturers adopting the IIoT. 16
In the same survey executives were asked what were the main challenges to IIoT adoption and 46% of respondents cited Cybersecurity as the top challenge. 17
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IIoT is driving change in our traditional architecture models and this slide highlights the essential change of automation system architecture. The traditional layered architecture such as ISA ‐ 95 will integrate into network architecture with the evolution of IIoT. This is so ‐ called open automation architecture since every device will be connected to IP network and also each subsystem can be organically linked. 25
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According to LNS Research and ebook ‘Make the IIoT and Transformation a Reality’ the top emerging IIoT use cases are; remote monitoring, energy efficiency, asset reliability etc 27
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MIT CISR and Gartner have both independently conducted research into how organisations can or should prepare for IoT. What is interesting to note in both research studies is that both identified security and integration as the main concerns or challenges for organisations. 33
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