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10 th International Conference on Progress in Biofibre Plastic Composites Toronto, Ontario May 12-13, 2008 Pe Percept ception: ion: wo wood d particles icles in W n WPC PC are encap ncapsulat sulated ed in p n plastic stic Op

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10th International Conference on Progress in Biofibre Plastic Composites Toronto, Ontario May 12-13, 2008

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Pe Percept ception: ion: wo wood d particles icles in W n WPC PC are encap ncapsulat sulated ed in p n plastic stic

Op Opti tical l mi microsc

scop
py

y of

WPC cross

ss-secti

ection

Vi Visi sible le wo wood

parti ticl cles es enc ncapsula apsulated ted in r n resin sin

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WPC are designed to be continuously exposed to an exterior environment Decay fungi growth Dimensional changes Warping

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SLIDE 5

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The objective of this work was to demonstrate the water absorption process in WPC exposed to exterior conditions and to laboratory testing

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Ingr gred edie ients ts Formula lation tion #5 #5 #6 #6 #12 #12 #13 #13

Pine wood

d (20 mesh)

51 51 48 48 66 66 63 63

HDPE

45 45 45 45 30 30 30 30

Lubricant bricants/ s/Compatibi

mpatibiliz

lizers rs

3 3 3 3

Talc

1 1 1 1

Zinc c Borate rate

3 3

Board ards s Cros ross-se sect ction ion (in)

6 x ½ x ½ 6 x ½ x ½ 6 x 1 x 1 6 x 1 x 1

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 A1 A2 C D1 D2 F1 F2 G1 G2 H #5 #6 #12 #13 Water Absorption (%) Comparison of Water Absorption at Equilibrium for Experimental and Commercial WPC's

Experimental Commercial

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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Start 6 hours 1 day 7 day 10 day 11 day 14 day 17 day 21 day

Water Absorption (%)

Length of Immersion

G H 6 5

Comparison of kinetics of water absorption for experimental materials and commercial WPC’s

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Start 6 hours 1 day 7 day 10 day 11 day 14 day 17 day 21 day

Water Absorption (%) Length of Immersion

D A 13

A, D – Commercial WPC 12, 13 – Experimental WPC H, G – Commercial WPC 5, 6 – Experimental WPC

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 A4 A5 B1 B2 D1 D2 F1 F2 G1 G2 #5 #6 #12 #13 Water Absorption (%) Water Absorption for Selected Commercial and Experimental WPC Exposed in Hawaii for 1 Year

Sunny Shadow

Experimental Commercial

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a c d b a b c d

Sp Specimen cimen pre repara aration tion #5 and d #6 Sp Specimen cimen pre repara aration tion #12 12 and and #13 13

8th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Madison, WI, May 23-25, 2005
www.polymerengineering.ca

Author: M. Gnatowski "Water Absorption by Wood-Plastic Composites in Exterior Exposure"

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 #5 #6 #12 #13 Water Absorption (%) Water Absorption for Experimental WPC Exposed in Vancouver, BC after 21 and 46 Months

Sunny 21 Months Shadow 21 Months Sunny 46 Months Shadow 46 Months

b

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 #5 #6 #12 #13 Moisture Content (%) Moisture Content for Experimental WPC Exposed in Vancouver, BC after 21 and 46 Months

Sunny 21 Months Shadow 21 Months Sunny 46 Months Shadow 46 Months

MC Decay Initiation

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18.0 11.1 5.7 5.5 9.8 12.0 15.5 9.2 2.6 2.6 6.3 13.2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Absorption (%) Wafer Number Water Distribution in Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver, A Site (Sun)

5A 46 Months Exposure 5A 21 Months Exposure

c

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10 20 30 40 50 60 2 4 6 8 10 12 MOISTURE CONTENT (%) DISTANCE FROM SURFACE (mm) Moisture Content in Wood of Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver

#5A 21 Months Exposure (Sunny) #5B 21 Months Exposure (Shadow) #5A 46 Months Exposure (Sunny) #5B 46 Months Exposure (Shadow)

MC DECAY INITIATION

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33.4 23.2 21.8 19.4 16.1 14.5 14.1 14.9 16.4 18.8 21.2 22.6 27.1 19.2 14.4 11.2 9.7 9.2 9.2 10.1 12.1 16.2 20.8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Water Absorption (%) Wafer Number Water Distribution in Experimental WPC #13 Exposed in Vancouver, A Site (Sun)

13A 46 Months Exposure 13A 21 Months Exposure

c

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10 20 30 40 50 60 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 MOISTURE CONTENT (%) DISTANCE FROM SURFACE (mm) Moisture Content in Wood of Experimental WPC #13 Exposed in Vancouver

#13A 21 Months Exposure (Sunny) #13B 21 Months Exposure (Shadow) #13A 46 Months Exposure (Sunny) #13B 46 Months Exposure (Shadow)

MC DECAY INITIATION

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Wood MC in surface (0 to 5mm) and inner zones (15 to 18 mm and 10 to 12 mm) of A and B commercial samples immersed in water for up to 215 days

Forest Products Journal, Vol 54, No. 12, December 2004 Weihong Wang and J.J. Morrell, Oregon State University

A A B B

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Conditioning Methods

 Water soaking  Boiling  Steaming at a temperature over 100oC  Exposure to elevated humidity at room or

elevated temperature

 Pressure/vacuum treatment  Cycling exposure with two or more of the

methods described above

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Effective methods of acceleration of water absorption by wood plastic composites

 Size reduction  Increase in temperature

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 100 150 200 250 300 Water Absorption (%) Hours Water Absorption of WPC #5 (in 3.5mm Wafers) Immersed in Water at Different Temperatures 40oC (104F) 23oC (73F) 60oC (140F) 80oC (176F)

SLIDE 22

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 Water Absorption (%) Days

Water Absorption of WPC Board #5 Immersed in Water at Different Temperatures Vs. Samples Exposed in Exterior Conditions Hawaii 12 Months Vancouver 21 Months Vancouver 46 Months

Vancouver Sun and Shadow Vancouver Sun Vancouver Shadow Hawaii Sun Hawaii Shadow

60oC (140F) 80oC (176F) 40oC (104F) 23oC (73F)

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27.9 20.1 4.0 3.3 17.8 25.2

18.0 11.1 5.7 5.5 9.8 12.0

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Absorption (%) Wafer Number

Water Distribution in Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver (Sun) for 48 Months Vs. Water Immersion for 8 Days at 60oC

Water Immersion at 60C #5 46 Months Exposure

c

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21.6 11.7 2.4 2.3 12.8 22.4 18.0 11.1 5.7 5.5 9.8 12.0

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Absorption (%) Wafer Number

Water Distribution in Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver (Sun) for 48 Months Vs. Water Immersion for 8 Days at 40oC

Water Immersion at 40C #5 46 Months Exposure

c

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10 20 30 40 50 60 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 MOISTURE CONTENT (%) DISTANCE FROM SURFACE (mm) Moisture Content in Wood of Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver (Sun) and Immersed in Water at 40oC and 60oC for 8 Days

#5A 46 Months Exposure Water Immersion at 40C Water Immersion at 60C

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 WATER ABSORPTION (%) DISTANCE FROM SURFACE (mm) Water Absorption of Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver (Sun) and Immersed in Water at 40oC for 8 Days Following 5 Days of Conditioning

#5A 46 Months Exposure Water Immersion at 40C Water Immersion at 40C (Conditioned)

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 WATER ABSORPTION (%) DISTANCE FROM SURFACE (mm) Water Absorption of Experimental WPC #5 Exposed in Vancouver (Sun) and Immersed in Water at 60oC for 8 Days Following 5 Days of Conditioning

#5A 46 Months Exposure Water Immersion at 60C Water Immersion at 60C (Conditioned)

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

Water will permanently accumulate in extruded Wood Plastic Composite boards exposed to exterior conditions.



Water accumulation seems to increase with the increase of the exposure period.



Moisture content in the wood of composites may reach and exceed the fiber saturation point at approximately 25% MC within the zone of a few to several millimeters from the board surface. The range of this zone seems to increase over exposure time and depends on composite composition.



Laboratory simulation of water absorption by WPC in exterior exposure can be conducted by controlled immersion in warm water followed by conditioning at elevated temperature after sealing the specimen surface. Simulation conditions will depend on composite composition and simulated exterior exposure conditions.

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