Smart Grid Research in a Danish Perspective Professor and head of center Jacob Østergaard Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka, Japan 10 December 2012 Smart Grids in Denmark • Transformation towards a sustainable energy system is of outmost importance for society – Climate, Security of supply, Green growth Climate, Security of supply, Green growth – DK: Wind doubles to 50% in 2020; 100% RES in 2050 (ref: DK Government) • DK: Electricity expected to doubles to ~70% of the total energy system (ref: DK Climate Commission) New technology and development of a Smart Grid is a prerequisite for efficient integration of high share of renewable energy • Situation in Denmark • Situation in Denmark – Wind power generation equals 26% of demand (2011) – The EU country with the highest share of the export within energy technology – 22% of EU’s Smart Grid R&D projects takes place in Denmark (ref: EU) – National smart grid network established and national smart grid strategy to be launched DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2 2012-10-31 1
Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering • CEE established 15 August 2012 as a merger of existing units: – Center for Electric Technology, DTU Electrical Engineering – Intelligent Energy Systems, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Intelligent Energy Systems, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy • Main competences – Electric Power Engineering – Automation and control – Information and Communication Technology • A strong university centers within its field – Staff: 85 persons incl. PhD-students – Covers discipline oriented research as well as national lab type application- driven research and proof-of-concept • Strategic partnerships 3 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Selected National and International Collaboration Partners • Academic partners: (NO) (CH) (NL) (CN) (DK) (FI) (US) (UK) (US) (SE) (SE) (HK) • Commercial and industrial partners: (DK) (DK) (DK) (BE) (UK) (DK) (DK) (DK) (US) (CH) (DK) (DK) (DE) + SME’s (DK) • International networks: (EU) (EU) (Global) DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 4 2012-10-31 2
Some Main Research Challenges (and The Danish Wind Power Case) 2012 2020 25% wind power 25% wind power 50% wind power 50% wind power 7000 Demand Demand Wind Power Wind Power 6000 5000 MWh/h 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Some Main Research Challenges (and The Danish Wind Power Case) Changed Generation Landscape: Balancing: 2012 2020 25% wind power 25% wind power 50% wind power 50% wind power 7000 Demand Demand Wind Power Wind Power 6000 5000 MWh/h 4000 Stability and Reliability: 3000 Cost effective solutions: 2000 1000 0 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 6 2012-10-31 3
Research Objective and Fields Development of a reliable, cost effective and environmentally friendly electric power and energy system based on renewable energy sources – Electric Components – Energy Resources, Services and Control – Energy System Operation and Management – Electric Power Systems – Electricity Markets 7 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 PowerLabDK Comprehensive Experimental Facilities for Electric Power and Energy • Industrial stakeholders: Flexible multi-purpose laboratories Large scale power Large-scale power system (1:10) Lyngby & Risø Campus Ballerup Campus • National support: 27,000 Customers 33% Wind Power 50% Renewable Energy Islanding capability Islanding capability Full-scale Realistic • Investment: 18 M€ Power System Hereof industrial funds: ~4 M€ Bornholm Power System DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 8 2012-10-31 4
LabGrid 21 LabCells Sources up to 600 kVA 3 x 250 A backbone 3 x 3 x 125 A feeders Cables: 1,931 m / 6,123 kg 9 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 10 2012-10-31 5
SYSLAB at Risø Campus • A platform for DER research and testing • Flexible experimental 11 kW 7 kW setup up • Several RES units • Embedded computing 48kW/60kVA 13x1 kW power and flexible communication • Very flexible control possibilities 9 kWh 55 kW 15 kW/120 kWh 11 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Bornholm Full-Scale Laboratory (1% of DK) 33% Wind Power Penetration; 28,000 Customers Local Energy Strategy Political & public drive Energy resources: - Wind power - Biogas plant - Combined heat and power - District heating - Solar power - eMobility Features: - Nord Pool market (DK2) - Islanding capability DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 12 2012-10-31 6
Bornholm I slanding Experim ent Wind Power 0.0% 7.5% 10% 15% Penetration (restricted) (available) Average Total Active Pow er, BLOK5@N7121 Average Total Active Pow er, BLOK5@N7121 20.8 MW Electric Power output 20 MW “Conventional Plant” 19.2 MW 18.4 MW 17.6 MW 16.8 MW 16 MW Average Hz Frequency, BLOK5@N7121 System Electric Frequency 50.1 Hz 50 Hz 50 H 49.9 Hz 49.8 Hz 32 AM 11:20:08 AM 11:26:44 AM 11:33:20 AM 11:39:56 AM 11:46:32 AM 11:53:07 AM 11:11AM 11:18 AM 11:25 AM 11:32 AM 11:39 AM 11:46 AM 11:53 AM Monday 17 August 2009: 11:13:32 - 11:57:31 Refs : 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power , 2011 Patent No. US20120161444, 2011 13 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Autonomous V- and f-services from demand DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 14 2012-10-31 7
System Reserves Provided by Frequency Responsive Electricity Demand • Field test w. 200 residential, commercial and industrial demand units normal T T kf ( f f ) high high 0 normal T T kf ( f f ) low low 0 Field test at Bornholm • Results – Demand can with maintained energy service deliver reserves which today are delivered by large power plants Power – Pay pack time = 1-2½ year w/ 1 kW unit – Ease of implementation, supporting commercialization Refs: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , August 2011. Freqency IET Generation Transmission and Distribution , August 2009. 15 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 EcoGrid EU Large-scale demonstration of the future intelligent distribution system • Integrated research and large-scale demonstration of DENMARK NORWAY Smart Grids Smart Grids DTU CEE DTU CEE SINTEF ER SINTEF ER Energinet.dk (Coordinator) • ~2,000 active customers Østkraft Siemens IBM • EU fast-track to Smart Grids ESTONIA • 2011-14 Tallin University of Technology (TUT) Bornholm BELGIUM • 21 million Euro ELIA EANDIS (+ORES) THE NETHERLANDS ECN + TNO IBM Benelux GERMANY Siemens EnCT AUSTRIA Austrian Institute of Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) SPAIN Tecnalia SWITZERLAND IBM Research Landis+Gyr PORTUGAL EDP Awarded Best Sustainable IT-project 2012 by Arnold Schwarzenegger et. al DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 16 2012-10-31 8
Extention of the Electricity Market Solutions Smaller Participants and Shorter Time Constants 17 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Control-by-price Concept w ith 5 m in Real-tim e Market Lab. setup with micro CHP: Measuements: 8 power (kW) 6 4 Electric 2 0 5 10 15 20 Time (h) 150 Price (EUR/MWh) 100 50 0 5 10 15 20 Time (h) 90 Elec gen Elec. gen, 5 kW 5 kW C) Temperature ( C 80 80 Heat gen. 10.5 kW 70 Heat demand 5.25 kW 60 (constant) Storage 750 liter 50 5 10 15 20 50 ° C Min. temp. Time (h) Increased income = 7 .3 % Max. temp. 80 ° C wo/ comfort changes (and very simple algorithm) DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 18 Ref : IEEE Transaction on SmartGrids , 2011. 2012-10-31 9
Congestion Managem ent in Distribution Grid by 5 m in Dynam ic Grid Tariffs Ref : IEEE ISGT Europe , 2011. 19 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 20 2012-10-31 10
iPower - Strategic Platform for Innovation and Research 30+ partners, 5 years www.ipower-net.dk Markets and Socio-economic Grid Management and investor Investors Flexible Energy Resources Control Architectures User Behavior End users 21 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 4 th IEEE PES Innovate Smart Grid Technologies Europe 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark 6-9 October 2013 Hosted by Technical University of Denmark Bringing industry and academia together academia together More information: www.ieee-isgt-2013.eu DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 22 2012-10-31 11
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